Abstract
This chapter describes macromolecules with a complex structure, their defined aggregation in solution, their adsorption to surfaces, and their possible aggregation on surfaces. The term “complex structure” implies that the macromolecules show different, distinct structural elements or building blocks on a supra-atomic length scale. Key to understanding the complex structure of macromolecules, their aggregation, and adsorption to surfaces are intra- and intermolecular interactions such as van der Waals, electrostatic, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonds.
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Abbreviations
- α :
-
Degree of dissociation
- δ :
-
Shell thickness of nanocapsule
- ε :
-
Energy of interaction between monomers
- λ :
-
Wave length
- η :
-
Viscosity
- ν :
-
Exponent characterizing end-to-end distance
- ρ :
-
Density of polymers or particles in solution
- σ :
-
Grafting density of side chains to backbone
- χ :
-
Flory–Huggins interaction parameter
- λ B :
-
Bjerrum length
- σ calc :
-
Calculated conductivity
- σ DC :
-
DC-conductivity of an ion-containing medium
- σ exp :
-
Measured DC-conductivity
- D + , D − :
-
Calculated diffusion coefficient of the free cation/anion
- D exp+ , D exp− :
-
Diffusion coefficient as measured by NMR
- <z b>:
-
Average distance of a backbone monomer of an adsorbed bottle brush from the surface
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscopy
- \( {\overrightarrow{l}}_{\mathrm{s}} \) :
-
Bond vectors are grafted to the backbone
- BPCPPCA:
-
2-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid
- BPDCA:
-
Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid
- BTA:
-
Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides
- d :
-
Exponent describing kinetics of aggregation
- D :
-
Diameter of drop
- D 0 :
-
Diffusion coefficient of the neutral complex
- DCBA:
-
2,5-Dichloro benzoic acid
- DEER:
-
Double electron–electron resonance
- D exp :
-
Experimental diffusion coefficient
- DIBA:
-
2,5-Diiodo benzoic acid
- DISA:
-
3,5-Diiodo salicylic acid
- DLS:
-
Dynamic light scattering
- DMF:
-
N,N-Dimethylformamide
- DQNMR:
-
Double-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- DS:
-
Dielectric spectroscopy
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- e :
-
Elementary charge
- \( {\overrightarrow{R}}_{\mathrm{e},\mathrm{b}} \) :
-
End-to-end vector of the backbone
- \( {\overrightarrow{R}}_{\mathrm{e}} \) :
-
End-to-end vector of side chain
- \( {\overrightarrow{l}}_{\mathrm{b}} \) :
-
Effective bond vectors of main chain
- E C :
-
Coulomb attractive energy
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- E σ :
-
Activation energy for ion transport
- FCS:
-
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- HBC:
-
Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes
- I :
-
Scattering intensity
- IBA:
-
4-Iodo benzoic acid
- k B :
-
Boltzmann constant
- L :
-
Contour length
- L 0 :
-
Thickness of block copolymer lamellar
- LC:
-
Liquid crystalline
- l d :
-
Domain size
- LED:
-
Light emitting diode
- l k :
-
Kuhn length
- l m :
-
Length per repeat unit of the main chain
- l p :
-
Persistence length
- M 0 :
-
Molar mass of one repeat unit in the main chain
- MAO:
-
Methylaluminoxanes
- MAS:
-
Magic angle spinning
- MFA:
-
Methyl formamide
- M L :
-
Molar mass per length of main chain
- M n sc :
-
Number-average side chain molar mass
- M sc :
-
Side chain molar mass
- N :
-
Degree of polymerization
- N b :
-
Number of effective monomers in main chain
- NICS:
-
Nucleus independent chemical shift
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- NOE:
-
Nuclear Overhauser effect
- N s :
-
Number of effective monomers in side chain
- OPBA:
-
Oligo(p-benzamides)
- P :
-
Main chain degree of polymerization
- PAH:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PAMAM:
-
Poly(amido amine)
- PBI:
-
Perylene bisdiimide
- PBLG:
-
Poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)
- PDI:
-
Perylene diimide
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEI:
-
Poly(ethylene imine)
- PEO:
-
Poly(ethylene oxide)
- p i :
-
Number density of the ith type of charge carrier
- PLL:
-
Poly-l-lysine
- PLP:
-
Poly(l-proline)
- PMA:
-
Polymethacrylate
- PMMA:
-
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
- PPD:
-
Polyphenylene dendrimer
- p s :
-
Total ion concentration
- PS:
-
Polystyrene
- P sc :
-
Side chain degree of polymerization
- PSS:
-
Poly(styrene sulfonate)
- PVP:
-
Poly-2-vinylpyridinium
- P w :
-
Weight average degree of polymerization
- q :
-
Scattering vector
- QD:
-
Quantum dot
- q i :
-
Charge of the ith type of charge carrier
- r c :
-
Distance separating a point-like cation from a point-like anion
- R c :
-
Core radius of a spherical brush
- R cs :
-
Cross-sectional radius
- R g :
-
Radius of gyration
- R gc :
-
Cross-sectional radius of gyration of brush polymer
- R h :
-
Hydrodynamic radius
- S :
-
Dynamic order parameter
- s :
-
Number of bonds along the backbone
- SANS:
-
Small angle neutron scattering
- SAXS:
-
Small-angle X-ray scattering
- s blob :
-
Number of monomers per blob
- SDS:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SLS:
-
Static light scattering
- T :
-
Temperature
- t :
-
Time
- TBA+ :
-
Tetrabutylammonium cation
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- T g :
-
Glass transition temperature
- THF:
-
Tetrahydrofuran
- T Θ :
-
Theta temperature
- W(r):
-
Potential of mean force for two particles at distance r
- WAXS:
-
Wide-angle X-ray scattering
- x anion :
-
Mole fraction of anionic charges
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- Z +/Z − :
-
Charge ratio
- ε 0 :
-
Permittivity of free space
- ε r :
-
Dielectric permittivity
- μ i :
-
Mobility of the ith type of charge carrier
- σ 0 :
-
Limiting conductivity
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Binder, K. et al. (2013). Structure Formation of Polymeric Building Blocks: Complex Polymer Architectures. In: Basché, T., Müllen, K., Schmidt, M. (eds) From Single Molecules to Nanoscopically Structured Materials. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 260. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2013_230
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