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The Haustorium of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Short Overview of a Specialized Cell of Obligate Biotrophic Plant Parasites

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Progress in Botany Vol. 82

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 82))

Abstract

Among all biotic stresses to which plants are subjected, the biotrophic fungal pathogens of rust and powdery mildew are the most economically relevant. They are characterized by their ability to develop specialized infective structures called haustoria. The fungal haustorium has been recognized as a fungal structure with a key role in disease establishment and has been implicated in essential processes, such as nutrient uptake and effector delivery. However, despite the early description of this fungal structure, many details of its composition, development or effector functions remain unsolved. In this work, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the fungal haustorium, including the most recent isolation techniques and expression studies. We can conclude that the fungal haustorium is a complex structure, with a high level of expression of genes associated with nutrient uptake and pathogenesis and with a high level of protein synthesis, which seems to be related to the release of secreted proteins. Although recent molecular studies have significantly advanced the knowledge of this structure, many questions remain unsolved. We hope that the development of novel techniques of genetic manipulation based on the capability of the fungal haustorium to uptake dsRNA, siRNA or T-DNA will allow us to answer these questions in the near future.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)” (AGL2016-76216-C2-1-R), cofinanced by FEDER funds (European Union). A.P. was supported by a PhD fellowship (BES-2014-068602) from the former “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Álvaro Polonio, Alejandro Pérez-García, Jesús Martínez-Cruz, Dolores Fernández-Ortuño & Antonio de Vicente

  2. Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM−UMA−CSIC), Málaga, Spain

    Álvaro Polonio, Alejandro Pérez-García, Jesús Martínez-Cruz, Dolores Fernández-Ortuño & Antonio de Vicente

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  1. Álvaro Polonio
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  3. Jesús Martínez-Cruz
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Correspondence to Antonio de Vicente .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Francisco M. Cánovas

  2. Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  3. Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB) CSIC Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    María-Carmen Risueño

  4. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

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Polonio, Á., Pérez-García, A., Martínez-Cruz, J., Fernández-Ortuño, D., de Vicente, A. (2020). The Haustorium of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Short Overview of a Specialized Cell of Obligate Biotrophic Plant Parasites. In: Cánovas, F.M., Lüttge, U., Risueño, MC., Pretzsch, H. (eds) Progress in Botany Vol. 82. Progress in Botany, vol 82. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2020_45

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