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Orient in the World with a Single Eye: The Green Algal Eyespot and Phototaxis

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Progress in Botany Vol. 82

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 82))

Abstract

Motile algae exhibit well-defined movement responses toward or away from a light source, known as positive and negative phototaxis, respectively. To optimize this essential behavior, algae often possess a complex directional optical device, the eyespot. Interest in eyespots has increased considerably during the last decade due to their elaborate ultrastructure and the presence of unique photoreceptors. The latter form an important basis for ongoing developments of optogenetic tools in the field of neurobiology and cell biology. Green algal eyespots, especially that of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dangeard, are the best studied with respect to their biophysical function, assembly, positioning, and signaling cascade(s) finally leading to the oriented movement. Here we give a short general introduction to the eyespot and the phototactic orientation of this algal group and summarize recent progress in the diverse eyespot-related areas. We also address emerging novel insights in the homeostatic feedback regulation of phototactic sensitivity by the cells’ physiological activities.

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Abbreviations

ABC1:

Activity of BC1 complex

aCRY:

Animal-like cryptochrome

ChR:

Channelrhodopsin

CHX:

Cycloheximide

CK1:

Casein kinase 1

CRY:

Cryptochrome

DCMU:

3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

IFT:

Intraflagellar transport

PC:

Photoreceptor current

pCRY:

Plant-type cryptochrome

PHOT:

Phototropin

PM:

Plasma membrane

PP2C:

Protein phosphatase 2C

TRP:

Transient receptor potential

UV:

Ultraviolet

UVR8:

UV resistance locus 8

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Acknowledgments

G.K. wants to thank all colleagues and especially the members of his laboratory, past and present, who share his fascination for unicellular algae and their eyes during the last three decades. Without their stimulating discussions, help, patience, and engagement, a lot of the work in the group would have never been done.

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  1. Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany

    Michaela Böhm & Georg Kreimer

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  1. Michaela Böhm
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  2. Georg Kreimer
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Correspondence to Georg Kreimer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Francisco M. Cánovas

  2. Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  3. Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB) CSIC Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    María-Carmen Risueño

  4. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

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Böhm, M., Kreimer, G. (2020). Orient in the World with a Single Eye: The Green Algal Eyespot and Phototaxis. In: Cánovas, F.M., Lüttge, U., Risueño, MC., Pretzsch, H. (eds) Progress in Botany Vol. 82. Progress in Botany, vol 82. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/124_2020_38

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