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Modeling the solar drying of dandelion leaves by factorial experimental design

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Abstract

A solar drying system can be described as an attractive and promising application of the sustainable solar energy source. Forced convection solar drying is deemed the main pillar in solar crops drying. However, up till now, only a few of these solar dryers that meet the technical, economical, and socio-economical requirements are commercially available. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present the technical as well as the economic study of an installed forced convection solar dryer. The results of several experiments on the convective drying of dandelion leaves are studied using experimental designs along with statistical calculations and analysis (ANOVA) as key tools to model and optimize the effect of several factors on the plant in a solar dryer with forced convection. The outcome is a mathematical model that describes our system and allows us to obtain the most adequate information at the lowest cost. Additionally, several system factors were determined in order to analyze their impact on the response of the solar dryer system. In this regard, the temperature factor proves to be the one that strongly influences the drying time response; whereas, the thickness factor was found to have a negligible impact. Furthermore, it has been found that there is a linear relationship between the drying time values established by the model and the experimental values.

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Abbreviations

DOE:

Design of experiments

F 1 :

Fisher–Snedecor test

F :

Fisher–Snedecor

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

Y:

Response of the experience

a 0, a 1, a 2, a 3, a 12, a 23 and a 13 :

Factor coefficients

df :

Degrees of freedom

SS:

Sum of squares

MS:

Mean square

\(R_{\text{adj}}^{2}\) :

R-square adjusted

JMP:

“John’s Macintosh Project” software

SAS:

Statistical analysis system

Y mod :

Predicted drying time

Y exp :

Experimental drying time

p :

p value or probability value

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mr. Brahim EL FADILI for his valuable help and financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Solar Energy and Medicinal Plants, Teacher’s Training College, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2400, Marrakesh, Morocco

    Haytem Moussaoui, Ali Idlimam & Abdelkader Lamharrar

  2. Laboratoire de Matière Condensée et Nanostructures (LMCN), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Marrakech, Morocco

    Ahmed Aït Aghzzaf

Authors
  1. Haytem Moussaoui
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  2. Ahmed Aït Aghzzaf
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  3. Ali Idlimam
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  4. Abdelkader Lamharrar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haytem Moussaoui.

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The authors and the corresponding author declare that there are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Additional information

This paper has been selected from the 1st Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration, Tunisia 2017.

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Moussaoui, H., Aghzzaf, A.A., Idlimam, A. et al. Modeling the solar drying of dandelion leaves by factorial experimental design. Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr 4, 5 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-018-0089-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-018-0089-2

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