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Electrochromism: a fascinating branch of electrochemistry

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Abstract

This lecture on electrochromism and electrochromic devices starts with a short introduction to the field. This is followed by an overview of the different classes of electrochromic materials, in which each class is illustrated by some typical examples. The third part deals with some basic parameters to assess electrochromic compounds and devices. After this, we discuss the different types of electrochromic devices or elements, again always illustrated by some examples. Manufacturing considerations and real-world practical application examples of electrochromics are the topics of the last two parts of this lecture.

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 5

(source: [35], reprinted with permission from Synthetic Metals. Copyright 2005 Elsevier)

Fig. 6

(source: [37], reprinted with permission from Chemistry of Materials. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society)

Fig. 7
Fig. 8

(source: reproduced from Ref. [43] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry, the Prussian blue-coated glass was added to this figure)

Fig. 9

(source: [60])

Fig. 10

(source: Wikimedia Commons)

Fig. 11

(source: Wikimedia Commons)

Fig. 12

(source: from the laboratory of Gesimat GmbH, Berlin, Germany)

Fig. 13
Fig. 14

(source: from the laboratory of Gesimat GmbH, Berlin, Germany)

Fig. 15

(source: photo by the author, 2001)

Fig. 16

(source: Wikimedia Commons)

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Notes

  1. Historically, electrochromism refered to changes in optical absorption of a material due to an external electrical field without any redox reaction (Stark effect). What we now call electrochromism was sometimes termed electrochemichromism to distinguish it from the physical effect. However, today mostly the electrochemically induced optical absorption change is denoted with the term electrochromism.

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Kraft, A. Electrochromism: a fascinating branch of electrochemistry. ChemTexts 5, 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-018-0076-x

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