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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils around a paper mill using metal fractionation and multivariate analysis

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Abstract

Effects of paper mill wastes on the status of soil copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in and around 16 sites near a paper mill in Assam, North East India (26°07.485′ to 26°07.915′ N latitude and 92°12.706′ to 92°15.065′ E longitude), have been investigated in the present study. The six-step sequential extraction techniques revealed that the water-soluble fraction had the least contribution (below detectable limit to 3.24 mg kg−1 of Cu, 13.87 mg kg−1 of Mn and 1.25 mg kg−1 of Zn) towards soil contamination, irrespective of the metals evaluated. Chemical fractionation of Cu, Mn and Zn in majority of the sampling locations showed non-homogenous orders of contamination. Comparison of the magnitude of local and individual heavy metal contamination factors against global values showed that the places near the paper mill waste disposal site displayed higher potential risk from metal contamination. Furthermore, the mobility factor related to ecotoxicity of soil environment was found to be metal specific and depended not only on total metal concentration but also on the nature of metal in the order Mn > Cu > Zn.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is thankful to Tezpur University for providing institutional fellowship. Corresponding author gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance provided by the Tezpur University in the form of start-up grant (Memo No. TU/Fin/13-14/P/209). Corresponding author thanks IIT Guwahati for providing logistical support. Authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewer and the editor for their critical comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India

    P. Borah, A. Paul, P. Bora & S. Mitra

  2. Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, 815301, India

    P. Bhattacharyya

  3. Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India

    T. Karak

  4. Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

    S. Mitra

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  1. P. Borah
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  4. P. Bhattacharyya
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  5. T. Karak
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Correspondence to S. Mitra.

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Editorial responsibility: V.K. Gupta.

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Borah, P., Paul, A., Bora, P. et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils around a paper mill using metal fractionation and multivariate analysis. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14, 2695–2708 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1350-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1350-y

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