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Composites Produced from Natural Rubber and Chrome-Tanned Leather Wastes: Evaluation of their In Vitro Toxicological Effects for Application in Footwear and Textile Industries

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Abstract

A new composite has been developed from natural rubber and chrome-tanned leather waste for use in footwear and textile industries. The contribution of this material to environmental quality and sustained development should be highligh because chrome tanned leather wastes, a major environmental problem, can be recycled. However, the safety of this new material for human use is questionable, as it is already well reported in the literature that chromium, particularly in its hexavalent oxidation state, can be genotoxic and carcinogenic to living beings. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility of this composite material for possible use in the footwear and textile industries, through cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and genotoxicity tests. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure both concentrations of total and hexavalent chromium. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the composite exhibits low levels of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and possesses favorable properties for initial cell adhesion. Furthermore, it was verified that the composites released low concentrations of chromium and that the predominant species released would be trivalent chromium. The results of the present study open the possibility of the incorporation of solid residues of tanned leather into chromium without necessarily the chromium contained in these residues influences the toxicity and genotoxicity of this new material.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), for the financial support, and Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) for the use of its facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UNESP, CP 467, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-080, Brazil

    Dalita G. S. M. Cavalcante, Andressa S. Gomes, Renivaldo J. Santos, Leandra Ernst Kerche-Silva, Caroline Silva Danna & Aldo E. Job

  2. São Paulo’s Agency for Agribusiness Technology, APTA, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19015-970, Brazil

    Eidi Yoshihara

  3. Rua Cyro Bueno, 40. Bairro Morumbi, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-560, Brazil

    Aldo E. Job

Authors
  1. Dalita G. S. M. Cavalcante
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  2. Andressa S. Gomes
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  3. Renivaldo J. Santos
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  4. Leandra Ernst Kerche-Silva
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  5. Caroline Silva Danna
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  6. Eidi Yoshihara
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  7. Aldo E. Job
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Correspondence to Aldo E. Job.

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Glossary

MBTS

2,2′-dithiobis (benzothiazole)

TMTD

Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide

ICP-OES

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

MTT

3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide

EDTA

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

DAPI

4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

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Cavalcante, D.G.S.M., Gomes, A.S., Santos, R.J. et al. Composites Produced from Natural Rubber and Chrome-Tanned Leather Wastes: Evaluation of their In Vitro Toxicological Effects for Application in Footwear and Textile Industries. J Polym Environ 26, 980–988 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1002-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1002-9

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