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Macroporous carbon monoliths derived from phloroglucinol–sucrose resins as binder-free thick electrodes for supercapacitors

  • Macroporous Materials
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Abstract

Herein, we report the preparation of phosphate-functionalized monolithic carbons containing interconnected pores of different sizes (macro- and micropores) by the pyrolysis of phloroglucinol–formaldehyde and phloroglucinol–sucrose–formaldehyde resins. Carbons were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and scanning electron microscopy. The addition of sucrose led to a significant decrease in the specific surface area of the carbon monoliths but improved their mechanical properties. This allowed their processability into disk-shaped monoliths of 1.1 mm thickness, which were directly tested as binder-free electrodes for electrical double-layer capacitors without the addition of any conductive additive. The electrochemical properties of the monoliths were studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode configuration and 2 M H2SO4 aqueous solution as the electrolyte. The electrodes were cycled within the 1.4 V voltage window showing specific capacitances of ca. 250 and 110 F g−1 at current densities of 0.2 and 10 A g−1 (7 and 350 mA cm−2), respectively, and exhibited an excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 97% after 7500 charge–discharge cycles.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, European Fund for the Regional Development, MAT2015-64167-C2-2-R (MINECO/FEDER) and Basque Government through the ELKARTEK 2015 is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIC EnergiGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain

    Noel Díez, Cristina Botas, Eider Goikolea & Daniel Carriazo

  2. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain

    Daniel Carriazo

Authors
  1. Noel Díez
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  2. Cristina Botas
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  3. Eider Goikolea
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  4. Daniel Carriazo
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Correspondence to Daniel Carriazo.

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Díez, N., Botas, C., Goikolea, E. et al. Macroporous carbon monoliths derived from phloroglucinol–sucrose resins as binder-free thick electrodes for supercapacitors. J Mater Sci 52, 11191–11200 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0832-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0832-0

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