Skip to main content
Log in

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents of Mulberry Samples (Fruit, Leaf, Soil) Grown in Gumushane Province

Beurteilung des Schwermetallgehaltes bei Maulbeeren (Frucht, Blatt, Boden) aus der Region Gumushane

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Erwerbs-Obstbau Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study aims to identify the heavy metal contents of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) that are grown in the city center of Gumushane province and its neighboring counties. Heavy metal analyzes were performed in the fruits, leaves and soils of the plants. The control samples, on the other hand, were collected from the mulberry trees located 3 km away from the highway where the vehicle traffic and industrial activities are at their lowest. Sample collection was performed twice a year, namely during the ripening period and fully ripening period of the fruits.

The analyses of the heavy metals were performed by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS). The obtained results were compared with the acceptable limits of heavy metal for humans as established by the World Health Organization (WHO), Turkish Food Codex (TFC) and the literature and an opinion was submitted as to whether they present any risk in terms of human health. When the available data is evaluated, the mulberries grown in Gumushane province, were found to have presented a health risk in terms of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn and Co metals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed MJ, Uddin MN (2007) A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of cobalt in industrial, environmental, biological and soil samples using bis(salicylaldehyde)orthophenylenediamine. Chemosphere 67:2020–2027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aid H (1987) Bodenschutz und Moderne Landwirtschaft, Bielefeld.

  • Alaoui-Sosse B, Genet P, Vinit-Dunand F, Toussaint ML, Epron D, Badot PM (2004) Effect of copper on growth in cucumber plants (Cucumissativus) and its relationships with carbohydrate accumulation and changes in Ion contents. Plant Sci 166:1213–1218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alloway BJ (1990) Heavy metal in soils. Blackie and Sou, Glasgow, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Atafar Z, Mesdaghinia A, Nouri J, Homaee M, Yunesian M, Ahmadimoghaddam M (2010) Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environ Monit Assess 160(1–4):83–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bulut VN, Ozdes D, Bekircan O, Gundogdu A, Duran C, Soylak M (2009) Carrier element-free coprecipitation (CEFC) method for the separation, preconcentration and speciation of chromium using an isatin derivative. Anal Chim Acta 632:35–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chehregani A, Noori M, Yazdi HL (2009) Phytoremediation of heavy-metal-polluted soils: Screening for new accumulator plants in Angouran mine (Iran) and evaluation of removal ability. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72:1349–1353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deveci T (2012) Gaziantep’te Atık Sulardan Etkilenen Toprak ve Bitkilerde Eser Element (Cu, Co, Mn ve Zn) ve Fe Konsantrasyonlarının ICP-MS ile Tayini. Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis (Master Thesis)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duru N, Türkmen Z, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E, Yapar K (2011) Verbascum sinuatum L. (Scrophulariaceae) (Sığırkuyruğu) Türü Kullanılarak Karadeniz Sahil Şeridinde Taşıtların Sebep Olduğu Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. Sakarya Univ J Sci 15(2):89–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdoğrul Ö, Tosyalı C, Erbilir F (2005) Kahramanmaraş’ta Yetişen Bazı Sebzelerde Demir, Bakır, Mangan, Kadmiyum ve Nikel Düzeyleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Univ Sci Eng J 8(2):27–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Espada-Bellido E, Bi Z, Berg C (2013) Determination of chromium in estuarine waters by catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry using a vibrating silver amalgam microwire electrode. Talanta 105:287–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gürdal G (2011) Abundances and modes of occurrence of trace elements in the Çan coals (Miocene), Çanakkale-Turkey. Int J Coal Geol 87:157–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamurcu M, Özcan MM, Dursun N, Gezgin S (2010) Mineral and heavy metal levels of some fruits grown at the roadsides. Food Chem Toxicol 48(6):1767–1770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrick G, Freidland T (1990) Patterns of trace metal concentration and acidity in mountain forest soils of northeastern US. Water Air Soil Pollut 53:151–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jian-Min Z, Zhi D, Mei-Fang C, Cong-Qiang L (2007) Soil heavy metal pollution around the Dabaoshan mine, Guangdong province, China. Pedosphere 17(5):588–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaya BB (2010) Erciyes strato volkanından püsküren ana materyaller üzerinde oluşmuş topraklarda yetiştirilen meyvelerin ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat (Master Thesis)

    Google Scholar 

  • Keleş CT (2007) Konya Şehir Merkezi Yol ve Parklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliği. Selçuk University, Konya (Master Thesis)

    Google Scholar 

  • Korfali SI, Hawi T, Mroueh M (2013) Evaluation of heavy metals content in dietary supplements in Lebanon. Chem Cent J 7(10):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Korolczuk M, Ochab M, Rutyna I (2015) Determination of As(III) by anodic stripping voltammetry following double deposition and stripping steps at two gold working electrodes. Talanta 144:517–521

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kızılkaya R, Karaca, Arcak S (1998) Samsun yöresi topraklarında Zn/Cd oranı ve bu oran ile iz element ve ağır metaller (Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ni) arasındaki ilişkiler. I. Ulusal Çinko Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı s: 501–509.

  • Li Z, Xia S, Wang J, Bian C, Tong J (2016) Determination of trace mercury in water based on N‑octylpyridinium ionic liquids preconcentration and stripping voltammetry. J Hazard Mater 301:206–213

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Song Q, Tang Y, Li W, Xu J, Wu J (2013) Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil–vegetable system: A multi-medium analysis. Sci Total Environ 463:530–540

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meraler SA (2010) Mahlep (Prunus mahaleb L.)’in Bitki Kısımlarında Mineral Bileşiminin Belirlenmesi. Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis (Master Thesis)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizuike A (1983) Enrichment techniques for inorganic trace analysis. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Noli F, Tsamos P (2016) Concentration of heavy metals and trace elements in soils, waters and vegetables and assessment of health risk in the vicinity of a lignite-fired power plant. Sci Total Environ 563–564:377–385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pourjavid MR, Arabieh M, Yousefi SR, Sehat AA (2016) Interference free and fast determination of manganese(II), iron(III) and copper(II) ions in different real samples by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy after column graphene oxide-based solid phase extraction. Microchem J 129:259–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rattan RK, Datta SP, Chhonkar PK, Suribabu K, Singh AK (2005) Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater a case study. Agric Ecosyst Environ 109:310–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saatçi F, Hakerlerler H, Tuncay H, Okur B (1988) İzmir ili civarındaki bazı önemli endüstri kuruluşlarından tarım arazileri ve sulama sularında oluşturdukları çevre kirliliği sorunu üzerinde bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonu Proje No:127, Bornova-İzmir

  • Saltan FZ, Canbay HS (2015) Eskişehir’de Halk Arasında Kullanılan Bazı Bitkilerdeki Ağır Metal ve Besin Elementlerinin Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Univ J Nat Appl Sci 19(1):83–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talio MC, Luconi MO, Fernández LP (2011) Determination of nickel in cigarettes smoke by molecular fluorescence. Microchem J 99:486–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vural A (2013) Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in the roadside soil and plants of robinia pseudoacacia, in Gumushane, northeastern Turkey. Ekoloji 22(89):1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vural A, Gundogdu A, Akpinar I, Baltaci C (2017) Environmental impact of Gümüşhane city, Turkey, waste area in terms of heavy metal pollution. Natural Hazards 88:867–890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen X, Wu P, Chen L, Hou X (2009) Determination of cadmium in rice and water by tungsten coil electrothermal vaporization–atomic fluorescence spectrometry and tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Anal Chim Acta 650:33–38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xing H, Xu J, Zhu X, Duana X, Lu L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yang T (2016) Highly sensitive simultaneous determination of cadmium (II), lead (II), copper (II), and mercury (II) ions on N‑doped graphene modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 760:52–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong C, Jiang Z, Hu B (2006) Speciation of dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) in environmental water samples by micro-column packed with N‑benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene. Anal Chim Acta 559:113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Wei J, Shu X, Kong W, Yang M (2016) Multi-elements determination in medical and edible Alpinia oxyphylla and Morinda officinalis and their decoctions by ICP-MS. Chemosphere 164:430–435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Research Council of the Gumushane University (Project No:16.B0110.02.01) for the financial support of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Duygu Ozdes.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

O. Kalkisim, D. Ozdes, C. Baltaci and C. Duran declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kalkisim, O., Ozdes, D., Baltaci, C. et al. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents of Mulberry Samples (Fruit, Leaf, Soil) Grown in Gumushane Province. Erwerbs-Obstbau 61, 85–96 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-018-0398-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-018-0398-2

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation