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Signal transduction and adaptive regulation through bacterial two-component systems: the Escherichia coli AtoSC paradigm

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Abstract

Adaptive signal transduction within microbial cells involves a multi-faceted regulated phosphotransfer mechanism that comprises structural rearrangements of sensor histidine kinases upon ligand-binding and phosphorylation-induced conformational changes in response regulators of versatile two-component systems (TCS), arisen early in bacterial evolution. In Escherichia coli, cross-talk between the AtoS histidine kinase and the AtoC response regulator, forming the AtoSC TCS, through His → Asp phosphotransfer, activates AtoC directly to induce atoDAEB operon expression, thus modulating diverse fundamental cellular processes such as short-chain fatty acid catabolism, poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis and chemotaxis. Among the inducers hitherto identified, acetoacetate is the classical activator. The AtoSC TCS functional modulation by polyamines, histamine and Ca2+, as well as the role of AtoC as transcriptional regulator, add new promising perspectives in the physiological significance and potential pharmacological exploitation of this TCS in cell proliferation, bacteria–host interactions, chemotaxis, and adaptation.

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Abbreviations

Az:

Antizyme

cPHB:

Complexed poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate

HAMP:

Linker domain in HKs, adenyl cyclases, methyl-accepting proteins and phosphatases

HK:

Histidine kinase

IHF:

Integration host factor

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

ODC:

Ornithine decarboxylase

RR:

Response regulator

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acid

TCS:

Two-component system

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Ph.D. students and Post-Doc fellows in our laboratories, who have contributed to the cited research.

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  1. Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dimitrios A. Kyriakidis

  2. National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou 48, 11635, Athens, Greece

    Dimitrios A. Kyriakidis

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Ekaterini Tiligada

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Correspondence to Dimitrios A. Kyriakidis.

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Kyriakidis, D.A., Tiligada, E. Signal transduction and adaptive regulation through bacterial two-component systems: the Escherichia coli AtoSC paradigm. Amino Acids 37, 443–458 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-009-0241-z

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