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Polymorphism 4G/5G of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene as a risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis symptoms in patients with asthma

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Abstract

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a glycoprotein which has a role in tissue remodelling after inflammatory processes. The objective is to investigate the frequency of PAI-1 gene polymorphism (4G/5G) in patients with a lung ventilation dysfunction in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotypes of polymorphism of PAI-1 4G/5G and ABO were determined using the methods of RT-PCR and PCR-SSP. Study group includes 145 adult patients diagnosed with chronic asthma, with all clinically relevant parameters and the laboratory markers of pO2, IgE and eosinophils in sputum and nasal swab. In the processing of data, appropriate statistical tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, median, interquartile ranges, χ 2 and Mann–Whitney U tests) were used. Patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis were significantly younger and had an almost four time higher levels of IgE (P = 0.001), higher pO2 (P = 0.002) and PEF (P = 0.036), compared to those who do not have these symptoms. Genotype PAI 4G/4G is significantly more common in patients with allergic rhinitis (28.1% vs. 16.1%; P = 0.017) compared to the genotype 5G/5G. Carriers of the genotype 4G/5G also have a borderline statistical significance. There were no statistically significant difference in the incidence of allergic rhinitis in the carriers of any ABO genotypes. The frequency of PAI genotype 4G/4G is significantly more common in patients with allergic rhinitis. The results suggest that the carriers of at least one 4G allele are at a higher risk for developing symptoms of allergic rhinitis in asthma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, The University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Jordanovac Street 104, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marina Lampalo, Gordana Pavlisa & Sanja Popovic-Grle

  2. Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Irena Jukic

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

    Irena Jukic

  4. Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Jasna Bingulac-Popovic & Ivona Marunica

  5. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Roberta Petlevski

  6. University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia

    Gordana Pavlisa & Sanja Popovic-Grle

Authors
  1. Marina Lampalo
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  2. Irena Jukic
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  3. Jasna Bingulac-Popovic
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  4. Ivona Marunica
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  5. Roberta Petlevski
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  6. Gordana Pavlisa
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  7. Sanja Popovic-Grle
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Correspondence to Marina Lampalo.

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Conflict of interest

Marina Lampalo, MD declares that she has no conflict of interest. Irena Jukic, PhD, MD declares that she has no conflict of interest. Jasna Bingulac-Popovic, PhD, Msc declares that she has no conflict of interest. Ivona Marunica, MPh declares that she has no conflict of interest. Roberta Petlevski, PhD, Msc declares that she has no conflict of interest. Gordana Pavlisa, MD, PhD declares that she has no conflict of interest. Sanja Popovic-Grle, PhD, MD declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Lampalo, M., Jukic, I., Bingulac-Popovic, J. et al. Polymorphism 4G/5G of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene as a risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis symptoms in patients with asthma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 274, 2613–2619 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4502-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4502-2

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