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Integrated analysis of intraspecific diversity in the bipolar moss Roaldia revoluta (Mitt.) P.E.A.S. Câmara & M. Carvalho-Silva (Bryophyta) in Antarctica

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Abstract

The extreme conditions of life in Antarctica pose challenges to many organisms. Bryophytes comprise the main vegetation of the continent and they endure many adversities, thriving in an environment hostile to most living organisms. Mosses are known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity, due to genotypic heterogeneity, environmental influences, or a combination of both. We investigated morphological diversity and its possible relationship with genetic diversity in the Antarctic moss, Roaldia revoluta, and also if the geographic distribution of morphotypes was related with environmental variables. We obtained 49 samples from Antarctica, including King George Island (K), James Ross Island (J), and several locations in the Antarctic Peninsula (P), representing most of the habitats where this species is found. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using quantitative measures of gametophytic morphological characters. For molecular analyses, we used DNA sequences of five molecular markers obtained from 29 specimens. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was carried out to compare morphological diversity with environmental variables. Our data support the existence of two morphotypes of R. revoluta, morphotype A (apiculate and ovate leaves), more frequent in K, and morphotype B (acuminate and more oblong leaves), more common in J. Both morphotypes were present in P. The distinct morphotypes could not be related with genetic heterogeneity, since no sequence differences were found in any of the selected markers, supporting the morphological distinction being explained by environmental factors. The results from CCA supported a relationship between the observed morphological variation and the local environmental characteristics of wind speed and minimum temperature.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the Brazilian Navy, Brazilian Air force, Chinese Great Wall Station staff (King George Island) for their support during the austral summer 2016/2017, and to the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH) and its staff at Escudero station. We also thank the curators of the cited herbaria. This study was carried out with the support and under the auspices of the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR). Funds were provided by National Advice for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), whom we especially thank. P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara, Daiane Valente Valente, Eduardo Toledo de Amorim & Diego Knop Henriques

  2. Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Unaí, Brazil

    Micheline Carvalho-Silva

  3. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK

    Peter Convey

  4. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands

    Michael Stech

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  1. Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara
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  2. Daiane Valente Valente
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Correspondence to Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara.

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Câmara, P.E.A.S., Valente, D.V., de Amorim, E.T. et al. Integrated analysis of intraspecific diversity in the bipolar moss Roaldia revoluta (Mitt.) P.E.A.S. Câmara & M. Carvalho-Silva (Bryophyta) in Antarctica. Polar Biol 42, 485–496 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2437-8

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