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Image-Guided Percutaneous Bleomycin and Bevacizumab Sclerotherapy of Orbital Lymphatic Malformations in Children

  • Clinical Investigation
  • Non-Vascular Interventions
  • Published:
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of image-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy using bleomycin for macrocystic and bevacizumab (Avastin™) for microcystic orbital lymphatic malformations in children.

Materials and Methods

Between October 2015 and July 2018, we prospectively evaluated 10 pediatric patients who presented clinically and radiologically with lymphatic malformations and were treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy. Patients with venous malformations were excluded. Eight females and two males with ages ranging from 3 to 17 years (mean: 8.8, SD: 4.9) were included. Guided with ultrasound and fluoroscopy, macrocysts were treated with bleomycin instillation. For microcystic components in three patients, bevacizumab was injected intralesional. All patients underwent ultrasound and non-contrast MRI to evaluate response to treatment after 6 weeks.

Results

The malformations were macrocystic in seven patients and complex (macro/microcystic) in three. Twenty sclerotherapy sessions were performed, (range: 1–3 sessions, mean: 2, SD: 0.8). Clinically, there was a significant reduction in the proptosis after treatment (P = 0.007) and dystopia (P = 0.018). The local radiological response showed a reduction in the maximum lesions diameters and volumes after treatment (P = 0.005 and 0.005, respectively). Two of the three patients treated with bevacizumab showed a reduction in the lesions volumes by 90.4% and 63.4%, respectively, whereas one patient did not show volume reduction. Transient periorbital edema and ecchymosis occurred following the procedure with no major complications encountered. Follow-up ranged from 9–33 months, mean: 20.3, SD: 7.4.

Conclusion

Bleomycin sclerotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for orbital macrocystic lymphatic malformations. Further use of bevacizumab for microcystic lesions in a larger series is required to outline its efficacy and safety.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the help provided by Dr. Alex M Barnacle, Consultant Interventional Radiologist, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS, London, UK. We would like to thank her for the expert advice and encouragement throughout this work. Her willingness to give her time so generously in editing the manuscript has been very much appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

    Omar Abdelaziz, Farouk Hassan & Sally Emad-Eldin

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

    Kareem Elessawy & Rania El Essawy

Authors
  1. Omar Abdelaziz
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  2. Farouk Hassan
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  3. Kareem Elessawy
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  4. Sally Emad-Eldin
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Correspondence to Omar Abdelaziz.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Standards

All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all legal guardians of the children.

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Abdelaziz, O., Hassan, F., Elessawy, K. et al. Image-Guided Percutaneous Bleomycin and Bevacizumab Sclerotherapy of Orbital Lymphatic Malformations in Children. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 42, 433–440 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-2128-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-2128-4

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