Abstract
Reports of “treat and repair” of cardiac shunting lesions with inoperably high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) mostly concern pre-tricuspid defects; post-tricuspid lesions are different. We report our experience with pulmonary artery (PA) banding ± targeted pulmonary hypertension medications in five patients with a large VSD and inoperably high PVR, and review previous reports of PA banding with post-tricuspid defects. Three of our 5 patients had mean PAP > 50 mmHg after banding and no or only a transient fall in PVR. Two patients had mean PAP < 50 mmHg and lower PVR after banding; they had closure of their VSDs but have since had a progressive increase in PVR (follow-up after closure, 3.5 and 7.7 years). Previous reports have also documented difficulty in achieving sufficient band gradient. Of previously reported patients, only one became operable only after banding and targeted therapy, and was repaired; follow-up after repair was short-term (16 months). Our and previous experience demonstrate the difficulty in placing a PA band sufficiently tight to substantially reduce PA pressure. Reported attempts to “treat and repair” post-tricuspid defects are few and have met with limited success, and we found that PVR may increase significantly over time after repair. But more information is needed. Accurate interpretation of experience with “treat and repair” requires: careful characterization of the pulmonary circulation prior to “treating”; considering spontaneously reversible factors at pre-treatment catheterization before ascribing reduction in PVR to medical therapy; and long-term observation of PVR in patients who have had defect closure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dammann JF Jr, Mc EJ, Thompson WM Jr, Smith R, Muller WH Jr (1961) The regression of pulmonary vascular disease after the creation of pulmonary stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 42:722–734
Beghetti M, Galie N, Bonnet D (2012) Can “inoperable” congenital heart defects become operable in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension? Dream or reality? Congenit Heart Dis 7(1):3–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0803.2011.00611.x
Therrien J, Rambihar S, Newman B, Siminovitch K, Langleben D, Webb G, Granton J (2006) Eisenmenger syndrome and atrial septal defect: nature or nurture? Can J Cardiol 22(13):1133–1136
Bradley EA, Chakinala M, Billadello JJ (2013) Usefulness of medical therapy for pulmonary hypertension and delayed atrial septal defect closure. Am J Cardiol 112(9):1471–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.07.027
Kijima Y, Akagi T, Takaya Y, Akagi S, Nakagawa K, Kusano K, Sano S, Ito H (2016) Treat and repair strategy in patients with atrial septal defect and significant pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ J 80(1):227–234. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-15-0599
Abman SH, Hansmann G, Archer SL, Ivy DD, Adatia I, Chung WK, Hanna BD, Rosenzweig EB, Raj JU, Cornfield D, Stenmark KR, Steinhorn R, Thebaud B, Fineman JR, Kuehne T, Feinstein JA, Friedberg MK, Earing M, Barst RJ, Keller RL, Kinsella JP, Mullen M, Deterding R, Kulik T, Mallory G, Humpl T, Wessel DL, American Heart Association Council on Cardiopulmonary CCP, Resuscitation, Council on Clinical C, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Y, Council on Cardiovascular R, Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular S, Anesthesia, the American Thoracic S (2015) Pediatric pulmonary hypertension: guidelines from the american heart association and american thoracic society. Circulation 132(21):2037–2099. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000329
Hunt CE, Formanek G, Levine MA, Castaneda A, Moller JH (1971) Banding of the pulmonary artery. Results in 111 children. Circulation 43(3):395–406
Mocellin R, Buhlmeyer K (1975) Late banding operation in children with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Cardiol 3(3):205–211
Wagenvoort CA, Wagenvoort N, Draulans-Noe Y (1984) Reversibility of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy following banding of the pulmonary artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 87(6):876–886
Khan SA, Gelb BD, Nguyen KH (2006) Evaluation of pulmonary artery banding in the setting of ventricular septal defects and severely elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Congenit Heart Dis 1(5):244–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0803.2006.00043.x
Yamaki S, Yonesaka S, Suzuki S, Nagumo K, Ouchi K, Takahashi T (1999) Progressive pulmonary vascular disease after pulmonary artery banding and total correction in a case of ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. Japan J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 47(5):229–233
Mitropoulos FA, Apostolopoulou SC, Kanakis MA, Rammos S, Anagnostopoulos CE (2007) Bosentan treatment in an adult with pulmonary hypertension due to patent ductus arteriosus permits surgical repair. J Heart Lung Transplant 26(12):1345–1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2007.09.001
Ussia GP, Mule M, Caruso E, Aiello R, Tamburino C (2007) Combined endothelin receptor antagonist and transcatheter interventional therapy of patent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Int J Cardiol 116(3):427–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.03.080
Kameny RJ, Colglazier E, Nawaytou H, Moore P, Reddy VM, Teitel D, Fineman JR (2017) Pushing the envelope: a treat and repair strategy for patients with advanced pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Pulm Circ 7(3):747–751. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045893217726086
Kulik TJ (2014) Pulmonary hypertension caused by pulmonary venous hypertension. Pulm Circ 4(4):581–595. https://doi.org/10.1086/678471
Wood P (1958) The Eisenmenger syndrome or pulmonary hypertension with reversed central shunt. Br Med J 2(5099):755–762
Hoffman JI, Rudolph AM (1965) The natural history of ventricular septal defects in infancy. Am J Cardiol 16(5):634–653
Keith JD, Rose V, Collins G, Kidd BS (1971) Ventricular septal defect. Incidence, morbidity, and mortality in various age groups. Br Heart J 33:Suppl:81–87
Collins G, Calder L, Rose V, Kidd L, Keith J (1972) Ventricular septal defect: clinical and hemodynamic changes in the first five years of life. Am Heart J 84(5):695–705
Weidman WH, Blount SG Jr, DuShane JW, Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Nadas AS (1977) Clinical course in ventricular septal defect. Circulation 56(1 Suppl):I56–I69
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the expert assistance of Lynne Patkin, MBA, in aiding with preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
T.J. Kulik, J.E. McSweeney, J. Tella, and M.P. Mullen declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This limited case-series study meets criteria for waver by the Institutional Review Board of Boston Children’s Hospital.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulik, T.J., McSweeney, J.E., Tella, J. et al. Pulmonary Artery Banding in Post-tricuspid Congenital Cardiac Shunting Defects with High Pulmonary Vascular Resistance. Pediatr Cardiol 40, 719–725 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-019-02054-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-019-02054-x