Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different wire size reverse closing loop and retraction forces in canine tooth distalization using the finite element analysis method.
Materials and methods
Maxillary alveolar bone, maxillary first molar, second premolar and canine teeth were constructed in three dimensions along with their periodontal ligaments and standard edgewise brackets of 0.022 inch and stainless-steel reverse closing loop of 0.016 × 0.022 inch and 0.019 × 0.025 inch were designed. Force of 0.98 N and 1.96 N were applied to the arch wire from the posterior region of the molar tooth in the distal direction for activating the reverse closing loop. The stress distribution and displacement of the maxillary canine tooth were performed using the three-dimensional finite element analysis method.
Results
The maximum deformation on the canine tooth was higher in the x‑, y‑, and z‑axes in both arch wires with 1.96 N force activation. Moreover, 1.96 N caused more stress on the canine tooth in both arch wires compared to the application of 0.98 N. In terms of von Mises stress distribution on alveolar bones, the amount of stress was higher during the application of 1.96 N than the application of 0.98 N.
Conclusion
The finite element method is a reliable instrument which allows the effects of biomechanics applied in orthodontics to be evaluated. The finite element analysis method precisely predicted the mechanical effects of reverse closing loop of different wire sizes and different retraction forces.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Bogendimensionen auf die Retraktionskräfte von Reverse-Closing-Loops mittels Finite-Elemente-Analyse zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden
Alveolarknochen des Oberkiefers, erster oberer Molar, zweiter oberer Prämolar und obere Eckzähne wurden dreidimensional mit Paradontalligamenten und Standard Edgewise Brackets (22er Slotsystem) und Edelstahl Reverse Closing Loops (0,016 × 0,022 Zoll und 0,019 × 0,025 Zoll) konstruiert. Auf den Bogendraht wurden von der Molarenregion aus in distaler Richtung Kräfte von 0,98 N und 1,96 N aufgebracht, um den Reverse-Closing-Loop zu aktivieren. Die Spannungsverteilung und -verschiebung des oberen Eckzahnes wurde mit der dreidimensionalen Finite-Elemente-Methode evaluiert.
Ergebnisse
Die maximale Verformung am Eckzahn war in der x‑, y‑ und z‑Achse bei beiden Bogendimensionen nach 1,96-N-Aktivierung erhöht. Darüber hinaus verursachte die Anwendung von 1,96 N bei beiden Bogendimensionen eine höhere Belastung des Eckzahnes als die Kraftapplikation von 0,98 N. In Bezug auf die Von-Mises-Spannungsverteilung auf den Alveolarknochen war die Belastung bei der Anwendung von 1,96 N höher als bei der Anwendung von 0,98 N.
Fazit
Die Finite-Elemente-Methode ist eine zuverlässige Methodik, mit dem sich die Auswirkungen orthodontisch induzierter Kraftsysteme bewerten lassen. Mit dem Finite-Elemente-Modell ließen sich die Effekte verschiedener Drahtdimensionen auf die Retraktionskräfte von bei Reverse-Closing-Loops präzise vorhersagen.
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The authors have no financial relationship with the organization that sponsored the research.
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S.K. Buyuk, M.S. Guler and M.L. Bekci declare that they have no competing interests.
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Buyuk, S.K., Guler, M.S. & Bekci, M.L. Effect of arch wire size on orthodontic reverse closing loop and retraction force in canine tooth distalization. J Orofac Orthop 80, 17–24 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-018-0161-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-018-0161-1