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Evolution of Cardio-Metabolic Risk from Birth to Middle Age: pp 65–76Cite as

Birth Weight, Stimulus Response and Hemodynamic Variability Implicate Racial (Black–White) Contrasts of Autonomic Control of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure and Related Cardiovascular Disease

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Abstract

The mechanisms controlling heart rate and blood pressure (BP) are quite complex. To some extent these hemodynamic variables are interrelated but observations from the Bogalusa Heart Study suggest different mechanisms are involved in their control and are influenced by ethnicity and gender. Heart rate seems to have a greater central autonomic control, being slower in black children than in white children, while risk factors, heart rate and BP are less associated with body fatness in blacks. Heart rate variability indicates a greater vagal control in blacks. The response of heart rate to stressors is greater in white children while the response of BP to various stimuli is greater in black children. Low birth weight is also associated with long-term BP variability. Also, the long term variability of BP is greater in blacks and is associated with development of left ventricular hypertrophy, evidence of variability having a greater impact on the cardiovascular system. Based on clinical observations BP obviously involves many mechanisms, i.e. arterial wall structure, endothelial function, nitric oxide production, the renin-angiotensin system, electrolytes and other. Although epidemiologic observations do not establish such mechanisms, they have implications of their existence. The racial contrasts help elucidate such mechanisms and help guide prevention strategies.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biochemistry, Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Medicine and School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Gerald S. Berenson

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Pronabesh DasMahapatra, Camilo Fernandez Alonso, Wei Chen & Jihua Xu

  3. Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Thomas Giles

  4. Department of Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Sathanur R. Srinivasan

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  1. Gerald S. Berenson
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  3. Camilo Fernandez Alonso
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  4. Wei Chen
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  5. Jihua Xu
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  7. Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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Correspondence to Gerald S. Berenson .

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  1. , Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, Canal Street 1440, New Orleans, 70112, Louisiana, USA

    Gerald S. Berenson

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Berenson, G.S. et al. (2011). Birth Weight, Stimulus Response and Hemodynamic Variability Implicate Racial (Black–White) Contrasts of Autonomic Control of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure and Related Cardiovascular Disease. In: Berenson, G. (eds) Evolution of Cardio-Metabolic Risk from Birth to Middle Age:. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1451-9_6

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