Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cisgenesis

Next Step in Classical Plant Breeding

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Molecular Techniques in Crop Improvement

Abstract

Plant breeding is an ongoing activity that started many years ago through domestication of crops by farmers’ selection. After discovery of Mendel’s Law plant breeding became gradually more science driven. Nowadays, plant breeding is developing very rapidly because of the development of many new technologies and scientific disciplines that can be applied. Approaches for genetic modification (GM) of plants developed quickly in the eighties and nineties of last century, but it is the first technology that has not been widely accepted in the world by NGOs and consumers. GMO-regulations have been developed which are by the strict application obstructing the development of GM-varieties, especially in Europe. These regulations are based on the modification process and on transgenes originating from non-crossable species. These transgenes are a new gene pool for plant breeding. However, it turns out that cisgenes, which are genes from the plant itself or from crossable species, will be more and more available. They belong to the existing breeder’s gene pool but they are treated in the regulation like transgenes. It is recommended to exempt from the regulation GM-plants that contain cisgenes only. This chapter provides a historical context of cisgenesis. Further, it discusses breeding approaches of autogamous, allogamous and vegetatively propagated crops. Options for cisgenesis in these kind op crops are presented. Some examples are disease resistance in potato and apple using R- and Avr-genes, hybrid seed production using genes for male sterility, or S_RNase genes for changing self-incompatibility. We regard cisgenesis as next important step in introgression breeding, using natural genes spatie. Cisgenesis has also been compared with intragenics and induced mutation breeding. We recommend less stringent oversight for intragenic plants, compared to transgenic plants especially when it concerns RNAi.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anonymous (1999)Variety list of fruit crops (in Dutch), Dutch Fruit Growers Organization, P.O. Box 906071, 2585 HK The Hague, The Netherlands, ISN 0169–6750

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2001) Directive 2001/18EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms and repealing Council Directive 90/220/EEC. Off. J Eur Comm 106:1–38 (http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/1_10620010417en00010038.pdf)

    Google Scholar 

  • Babu RM, Sajeena A, Seetharaman K, Reddy MS (2003) Advances in genetically engineered (transgenic) plants in pest management–an overview. Crop Prot 22:1071–1086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belfanti E, Silfverberg-Dilworth E, Tartarini S, Patocchi A, Barbieri M, Zhu J, Vinatzer BA, Gianfranceschi L, Gessler C, Sansavini S (2004) The HcrVf2 gene from a wild apple confers scab resistance to a transgenic cultivated variety. ProcNatl Acad Sci U S A 101: 886–890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bentolila S, Alfonso A, Hanson MR (2002) A pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic male-sterile plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:10887–10892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckler E, Thornsberry JM, Kresovich S (2001) Molecular diversity, structure and domestication of grasses. Genet Res Cambridge 77:213–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calenge F, Faure A, Goerre M, Gebhardt C, Van de Weg WE, Parisi L, Durel C-E (2004) Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis reveals both broad-spectrum and isolate-specific QTL for scab resistance in an apple progeny challenged with eight isolates of Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology 94:370–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friebe B, Jiang J, Raupp WP, McIntosh RA, Gill BS (1996) Characterization of wheat-alien translocations conferring resistance to diseases and pests: current status. Euphytica 91:59–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner SE, Bus VGM, Rusholme RL, Chagné D, Rikkerink EHA (2006) Apple. In: Kole C (ed) Genome mapping and molecular breeding. Vol 4, Fruit and nuts. Springer, Berlin, pp 2–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Gessler C, Patocchi A, Sansavini S, Tartarini S, Gianfranceschi L (2006) Venturia inaequalis resistance in apple. Crit Rev Plant Sci 25:473–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haverkort AJ, Boonekamp PM, Hutten R, Jacobsen E, Lotz LAP, Kessel GJT, Visser RGF, Vossen Van der EAG (2008) Societal costs of late blight in potato and prospects of durable resistance through cisgenic modification. Potato Res 51:47–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heilersig HJB, Loonen AS, Bergervoet M, Wolters AMA, Visser RGF (2006) Post-transcriptional gene silencing of GBSSI in potato: effects of size and sequence of the inverted repeat. Plant Mol Biol 60:647–662

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hough LF, Shay JR, Dayton DF (1953) Apple scab resistance from Malus floribunda Sieb. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 44:260–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen E (2007) Cisgenesis: next step in advanced traditional breeding. In: Haverkort AJ, Anisimov BV (eds) Potato production and innovative technologies.Wageningen Academic, ISBN:978-90-8686-042-5, pp 348-352

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen E, Schouten HJ (2007) Cisgenesis strongly improves introgression breeding and induced translocation breeding of plants. Trends Biotechnol 25: 219–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen E, Vossen, van der EAG (2009) Plant disease resistance. Cisgenesis: a new tool for traditional resistance breeding. In: Encyclopedia of microbiology, 3rd edn. Mesolio Schaechter Editor) pp 597–612

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen JPA (1997) Aphid resistance in composites. Patent NL1003261

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis DJ, Hodgkin T (1999) Wild relatives and crop cultivars: detecting natural introgression and farmer selection of new genetic combinations in agroecosystems. Mol Ecol 8:159–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kole, C. (2006) Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants. Vol 4, Fruits and nuts. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim KY, Leitch IJ, Leitch AR (1998) Genomic characterisation and the detection of raspberry chromatin in polyploid Rubus. Theor Appl Genet 97:1027–1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Cui X, Horner HT, Weiner H, Schnable PS (2001) Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is required for male fertility in maize. Plant Cell 13:1063–1078

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malnoy M, Xu M, Borejsza-Wysocka EE, Korban SS, Aldwinckle HS (2007) The role of Vfa1, Vfa2 and Vfa4 genes in resistance to Venturia inaequalis in transgenic ‘McIntosh’ apple plants. ISHS Acta Hort 738:323–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClure B (2006) New views of S-RNase-based self-incompatibility. Curr Opin Plant Biotechnol 9:639–646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi L, Lespinasse Y, Guillaumes J, Kruger J (1993) A new race of Venturia inaequalis virulent to apples with resistance due to the Vf gene. Phytopathology 83:533–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi L, Laurens F, Didelot F, Evans K, Fischer C, Fouillet V, Gennari F, Kemp H, Lateur M, Patocchi A, Schouten HJ, Tsipouridis C (2006) Geographical distribution of Venturia inaequalis strains virulent to the Vf gene. Europe. Bulletin-OILB/SROP 29:49–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier G, Budar F (2007) The molecular biology of cytoplasmically inherited male sterility and prospects for its engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 18:121–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaarts A, Wiele van der H, Sutter de G, Janssens J (1993) Engineered genes for fertility control and their application in hybrid seed production. Scientia Horticulturae 55:125–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rommens CM (2004) All-native DNA transformation: a new approach to plant genetic engineering. Trends Plant 9:457–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rommens CM, Ye J, Richael C, Swords K (2006) Improving potato storage and processing characteristics through all-native DNA transformation. J Agric Food Chem 54:9882–9887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rommens CM, Haring MA, Swords K, Davies HV, Belknap WR (2007) The intragenic approach as a new extension to traditional plant breeding. Trends Plant Sci 12:397–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz ON, Daniell H (2005) Engineering cytoplasmic male sterility via the chloroplast genome by expression of beta-kethiolase. Plant Physiol 138:1232–1246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaart J, Krens FA, Pelgrom KTB, Mendes O, Rouwendaal GJA (2004) Effective production of marker-free transgenic strawberry plants using inducible site-specific recombination and a bifunctional selectable marker gene. Plant Biotechnol J 2:233–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt H, Van de Weg WE (2005) Breeding. In: Tromp J., Webster AD, Wertheim SJ (eds) Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. Backhuys, Leiden, the Netherlands, pp 136–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt R (2002) Plant genome evolution: lessons from comparative genomics at the DNA level. Plant Mol Biol 48:21–37

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schouten HJ, Krens FA, Jacobsen E (2006a). Do cisgenic plants warrant less stringent oversight? Nat Biotechnol 24:753

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schouten HJ, Krens FA, Jacobsen E (2006b). Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants. EMBO Rep 7:750–753

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sijacic P, Wang X, Skirpan AL, Wang Y, Dowd PE, McCubbin AG, Huang S, Kao TH (2004) Identification of the pollen determinant of S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility. Nature 429:302–305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trapman, M. (2006) Resistance management in Vf resistant organic apple orchards. Bulletin OILB/SROP 29:253–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetten de N, Wolters AMA, Raemakers K, Meer van der I, Stege ter R, Heeres E, Heeres, Visser RGF (2003) A transformation method for obtaining marker-free plants of a cross-pollinating and vegetatively propagated crop. Nat Biotechnol 21:439–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vleeshouwers GAA, Rietman H, Krenek P, Champouret N, Young C, Oh SK, Wang M, Bouwmeester K, Vosman B, Visser RGF, Jacobsen E, Govers F, Kamoun S. Vossen, van der EAG (2008) Effector genomics accelerates discovery and functional profiling of potato disease resistance and Phytophthora infestans avirulence genes. PLoS ONE e2875

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Zou Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Chen L, Wu H, Su D, Chen Y, Guo J, Luo D, Long Y, Liu YG (2006) Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with Boro II cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related PPR motif genes via distinct modes of mRNA silencing. Plant Cell 18:676–687

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • William HM, Trethowan R, Crosby-Galvan EM (2007) Wheat breeding assisted by markers: Cimmyts experience. Euphytica 157:307–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wise RP, Pring DR (2002) Nuclear-mediated mitochondrial gene regulation and male fertility in higher plants: light at the end of the tunnel? Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:10240–10242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu HX, Tang SZ, Liu QQ, Wang L, Zhao ZP, Xu L, Huang BL, Gong ZY, Tang SZ, Gu MH (2006) Breeding of selectable marker-free transgenic rice lines containing AP1 gene with enhanced disease resistance. Agric Sci Chin 5:805–811

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherland

    Evert Jacobsen & Henk J. Schouten

  2. Transforum Agribusiness & Rural Areas, Louis, Pasteurlaan 6, 2700, AB, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands

    Evert Jacobsen

Authors
  1. Evert Jacobsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Henk J. Schouten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Evert Jacobsen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  2. Institute (IRRI), Social Sciences Division, International Rice Research, Metro Manila, Philippines

    D.S. Brar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jacobsen, E., Schouten, H.J. (2010). Cisgenesis. In: Jain, S., Brar, D. (eds) Molecular Techniques in Crop Improvement. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2967-6_25

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation