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Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics pp 65–85Cite as

The Anthropological Usefulness of Highly Polymorphic Systems

HLA and Immunoglobulin Allotypes

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Abstract

In 1919 Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld published the first studies of human populations using the newly discovered ABO blood groups. Since that time an extensive array of hereditary markers have been defined on erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma proteins, and erythrocyte and leukocyte enzymes. Some are of no anthropological use because only rare variants occur, while others are highly polymorphic. For working purposes, we will call a trait polymorphic if the frequency of at least one allele is greater than 1% and highly polymorphic if one or more alleles have frequency(ies) of 10% or more. Some genetic polymorphisms are of limited anthropological usefulness because the polymorphic allele only occurs in a single population, e.g., K, Js a, and Di a are limited to Caucasians, Black Africans, and Orientals, respectively (Mourant, Kopec, and Domaniewska-Sobczak, 1976).

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  1. Blood Services, American Red Cross, Washington, D.C., 20006, USA

    Moses S. Schanfield

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  1. Moses S. Schanfield
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  1. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

    James H. Mielke  & Michael H. Crawford  & 

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© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

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Schanfield, M.S. (1980). The Anthropological Usefulness of Highly Polymorphic Systems. In: Mielke, J.H., Crawford, M.H. (eds) Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3084-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3084-4_4

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