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Cardiac Remodeling and Failure pp 35–65Cite as

Dilated Cardiomyopathies and Congestive Heart Failure

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Part of the book series: Progress in Experimental Cardiology ((PREC,volume 5))

Abstract

Cardiomyopathies are heart muscle diseases which affect the heart muscle and frequently result in congestive heart failure. Five major forms can be distinguished: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, right ventricular, and non-classifiable cardiomyopathies with distinct hemodynamic properties. The new WHO/WHF definition also comprises inflammatory cardiomyopathy, defined as myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction. Idiopathic, autoimmune, and infectious forms of inflammatory cardiomyopathy were recognized in addition. Viral cardiomyopathy has been defined as viral persistence in a dilated heart. It may be accompanied by myocardial inflammation and then termed inflammatory viral cardiomyopathy (or viral myocarditis with cardiomegaly). If no inflammation is observed in the biopsy of a dilated heart (<14 lymphocytes and macrophages/mm2) the term viral cardiomyopathy or viral persistence in dilated cardiomyopathy is appropriate.

There have been recent breakthroughs in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the dilated cardiomyopathies enabling the improvement of diagnostic strategies and the introduction of new therapies. Ongoing evaluation of antiviral, immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressive therapies including the European Study of Epidemiology and Treatment of Cardiac Inflammatory Diseases (ESETCID), removal of antibodies by immunoadsorption, anticytokine- and gene therapy, as well as the mechanical support devices may provide new treatment options.

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  1. Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology Angiology, Intensive Medicine, and Preventive Cardiology Philipps University, Marburg, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Bernhard Maisch FESC, FACC (Director), Arsen D. Ristić, Rainer Funck, Peter Alter, Susanne Kölsch, Annette Richter, Volker Ruppert, Heinz Rupp & Sabine Pankuweit

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  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Pawan K. Singal PhD, DSc (Professor), Ian M. C. Dixon PhD (Associate Professor), Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum PhD (Associate Professor) & Naranjan S. Dhalla PhD, MD (HON), DSc (HON) (Distinguished Professor and Director) (Professor),  (Associate Professor),  (Associate Professor) &  (Distinguished Professor and Director)

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Maisch, B. et al. (2003). Dilated Cardiomyopathies and Congestive Heart Failure. In: Singal, P.K., Dixon, I.M.C., Kirshenbaum, L.A., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) Cardiac Remodeling and Failure. Progress in Experimental Cardiology, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9262-8_3

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