Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pharmacogenetics in Potential Herb–Drug Interactions: Effects of Ginseng on CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 Allelic Variants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Biological Activity of Phytochemicals

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 41))

  • 1571 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the role of ginseng in potential herb–drug interactions through inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4 and three polymorphisms of CYP2C9. Using commercial ginseng products and preparations made from authentic ginseng roots, CYP3A4 but not CYP2C9 inhibition correlated significantly with total ginsenoside content of the ginseng products tested. The inhibition of CYP2C9 was low for the three allelic forms and the profile of inhibition by product did not vary with the three polymorphisms tested. These in vitro results suggest that CYP3A4 inhibition, but not CYP2C9 inhibition, may warrant further study in a clinical setting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sharma SK, Pandit MK (2009) A new species of Panax from Sikkim Himalaya, India. Syst Bot 34:434–438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bahrke MS, Morgan WP (1994) Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng. Sports Med 18:229–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Janetzki K, Morreale AP (1997) Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm 54:692–693

    Google Scholar 

  4. Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ (1985) Phenelzine and the dream machine – ramblings and reflections. J Clin Psychopharmacol 5:65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Henderson GL, Harkey MR, Gershwin ME et al (1999) Effects of ginseng components on cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzyme catalytic activity. Life Sci 65:209–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. He N, Edeki T (2004) The inhibitory effects of herbal components on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 catalytic activities in human liver microsomes. Am J Ther 11:206–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu Y, Zhang JW, Li W et al (2006) Ginsenoside metabolites, rather than naturally occurring ginsenosides, lead to inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Toxicol Sci 91:356–364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hao M, Zhao Y, Chen P et al (2008) Structure–activity relationship and substrate-dependent phenomena in effects of ginsenosides on activities of drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes. PloS One 3:e2697

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Etheridge AS, Black SR, Patel PR et al (2007) An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and p-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constituents. Planta Med 73:731–741

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Aithal GP, Day CP, Kesteven PJL et al (1999) Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding complications. Lancet 353:717–719

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kirchheiner J, Brockmoller J (2005) Clinical consequences of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther 77:1–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tam TW, Liu R, Arnason JT et al (2009) Actions of ethnobotanically selected Cree anti-diabetic plants on human cytochrome P450 isoforms and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3. J Ethnopharmacol 126:119–126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu R, Brown PN (2008) Single laboratory validation study for the determination of ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and P. quinquefolius L. Raw Materials and finished Products by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. 5th Annual NHP Research Conference Toronto Ontario, March 27–29, 2008

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Extraction and HPLC-DAD methods were kindly validated and provided by Paula Brown (NHP Research Group, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, Canada). This project was funded by the Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Centre (OGIRC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Alice Luu

  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Brian C. Foster & Teresa W. Tam

  3. Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Brian C. Foster

  4. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kristina L. McIntyre & John T. Arnason

Authors
  1. Alice Luu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brian C. Foster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kristina L. McIntyre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Teresa W. Tam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. John T. Arnason
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian C. Foster .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646340, Pullman, 99164-6340, USA

    David R. Gang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luu, A., Foster, B.C., McIntyre, K.L., Tam, T.W., Arnason, J.T. (2011). Pharmacogenetics in Potential Herb–Drug Interactions: Effects of Ginseng on CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 Allelic Variants. In: Gang, D. (eds) The Biological Activity of Phytochemicals. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 41. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7299-6_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation