Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with an overview of the core components of geographic information (GI), a review of map functions, and an abbreviated history of geographic information systems (GIS). The origins of the map, map functions, and a discussion of place and space will provide a foundational understanding of important concepts for information professionals working with GI. This includes providing readers with a basic awareness of how maps serve as repositories for GI and its communication. Finally, a brief timeline of modern GIS is detailed, providing readers with a basic perspective on the emergence of these important tools and their role in shaping geographic information production and consumption.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agnew, J. (2005). Sovereignty regimes: Territoriality and state authority in contemporary world politics. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95(1), 437–461.
Bishop, B. W. (2011). Location-based questions and local knowledge. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(8), 1594–1603. doi:10.1002/asi.21561.
Chrisman, N. R. (1998). Academic origins of GIS. In T. W. Foresman (Ed.), The history of geographic information systems: Perspectives from the pioneers (pp. 33–43). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR.
Dueker, K. J. (1979). Land resource information systems: A review of fifteen years experience. GeoProcessing, 1, 105–128.
Dutka, J. (1993). Eratosthenes’ measurement of the earth reconsidered. Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 46(1), 55–66.
Eratosthenes. (2010). Eratosthenes’ geography. (D. W. Roller, Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fischer, I. (1975). Another look at Eratosthenes’ and Posidonius’ determinations of the Earth’s circumference. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 16, 152–167.
Forbes. (2016). Profiles of the World’s Billionaires. Jack Dangermond. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/#version:static_search:dangermond.
Foresman, T. W. (1998). The history of geographic information systems: Perspectives from the pioneers. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gardner, J., Griffith, R. J., Harness, H. D., & Larcom, T. A. (1838). Irish Railway Commission. (Atlas to accompany 2nd. Report of the Railway Commissioners). London.
Kimmerling, A. J., Buckley, A. R., Muehrcke, P. C., & Muehrcke, J. O. (2011). Map use: Reading, analysis, interpretation (7th ed.). Redlands, CA: Esri Press Academic.
Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2015). Geographic information science and systems. Chichester, England: Wiley.
Maguire, D. J. (1991). An overview and definition of GIS. Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications, 1, 9–20.
Martin, D. (2005). Socioeconomic geocomputation and e-social science. Transactions in GIS, 9(1), 1–3.
McHarg, I. L. (1951). Design with nature. New York: Doubleday/Natural History Press.
Oxford Dictionaries. (2016). American English Definition. Retrieved from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/space3.
Petras, V. (2004). Statistical analysis of geographic and language clues in the MARC Record (Technical report for the “Going Places in the Catalog: Improved Geographical Access” project, supported by the IMLS National Leadership Grant for Libraries, Award LG-02-02-0035-02. ed.): University of California at Berkeley.
Randall, R. R. (2001). Place names: How they define the world—And more. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Robinson, A. H., Morrison, J. L., Muehrcke, P. C., Kimmerling, A. J., & Guptill, S. C. (1995). Elements of cartography (6th ed.). New York: Wiley.
Stewart, G. R. (1975). Names on the globe. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tomlinson, R. (2012). Origins of the Canada geographic information system. ArcNews. Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/nevtnyg.
Tuan, Y. (1977). Space and place. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
U. S. Census Bureau. (2015). Dual independent map encoding. History. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/history/www/innovations/technology/dual_independent_map_encoding.html.
Utrilla, P., Mazo, C., Sopena, M. C., Martínez-Bea, M., & Domingo, R. (2009). A palaeolithic map from 13,660 calBP: Engraved stone blocks from the Late Magdalenian in Abauntz Cave (Navarra, Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 57(2), 99–111.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bishop, W., Grubesic, T.H. (2016). Geographic Information, Maps, and GIS. In: Geographic Information. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22789-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22789-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22788-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22789-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)