Abstract
Glucagon is a major hyperglycemic hormone secreted by pancreatic α-cells. It plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by counteracting the action of the hypoglycemic hormone insulin and strongly contributing to the correction of hypoglycemia. Its main effect is to stimulate glucose output from the liver. The mechanisms by which glucose controls glucagon secretion are still largely unknown and hotly debated. Glucagon secretion is impaired in diabetes since there is a relative hyperglucagonemia in all forms of diabetes which strongly aggravates hyperglycemia and there is a reduced or absent glucagon response to hypoglycemia particularly in type 1 diabetes. The reasons of these defects are poorly known. This article presents a short overview of the role of glucagon and the proposed mechanisms of control of glucagon secretion in normal conditions and diabetes and briefly comments the anti-glucagon therapies in diabetes.
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Acknowledgments
PG is supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Médicale (Brussels, grant 3.4554.10) and the Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC 13/18-051) from the General Direction of Scientific Research of the French Community of Belgium. PG is Research Director, and AGR and HYC are postdoctoral researchers of the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels.
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Gilon, P., Cheng-Xue, R., Lai, B.K., Chae, HY., Gómez-Ruiz, A. (2015). Physiological and Pathophysiological Control of Glucagon Secretion by Pancreatic α-Cells. In: Islam, M. (eds) Islets of Langerhans. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6686-0_37
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