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Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen: Obstruktive und zentrale Schlafapnoe

SpringerReference Innere Medizin

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

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Zusammenfassung

Das obstruktive Schlafapnoesyndrom stellt einen der wichtigsten kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren dar. Umgekehrt wird die zentrale Schlafapnoe häufig durch kardiologische, nephrologische oder neurologische Erkrankungen oder pharmakologische Einflüsse ausgelöst. Beim Zusammentreffen von Herzerkrankungen und Atmungsstörungen wird die Prognose ungünstig beeinflusst. Das obstruktive Schlafapnoesyndrom wird durch morphologische und funktionelle Einengungen der oberen Atemwege wesentlich bedingt. Demgegenüber liegt der zentralen Schlafapnoe eine Störung der Atmungsregulation zugrunde. Die Leitsymptome des obstruktiven Schlafapnoesyndroms sind lautes, oft unregelmäßiges Schnarchen, fremdbeobachtete Atempausen und eine vermehrte Tagesschläfrigkeit. Weiterführende Untersuchungsverfahren sollen das Krankheitsbild nachweisen und seine Auswirkungen, insbesondere auf die Vigilanz, erfassen. Dazu dienen Fragebögen, Aufmerksamkeitstests sowie nächtliche Untersuchungen des Schlafes und kardiorespiratorischer Parameter. Bei Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen sollten Screeninguntersuchungen auf schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen erwogen werden. Die Polysomnographie stellt den diagnostischen Goldstandard in der Schlafmedizin dar. Die Therapie des obstruktiven Schlafapnoesyndroms wird durch die klinische Symptomatik bestimmt, insbesondere durch die Einschränkung der neurokognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit, durch die Tagesschläfrigkeit, der durch die Unfallgefährdung, durch kardiovaskuläre Begleiterkrankungen sowie den Schweregrad der Erkrankung. Therapiestandard ist das Positivdruckverfahren (CPAP). Bei CPAP-Intoleranz kann eine Protrusionsschiene indiziert sein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Krankenhaus Bethanien, Klinik für Pneumologie und Allergologie, Aufderhöher Str. 169-175, 42699, Solingen, Deutschland

    Winfried Randerath

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  1. Winfried Randerath
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Hoslstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Hendrik Lehnert

  2. TU Dresden Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

    Sebastian M. Schellong

  3. FB Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany

    Joachim Mössner

  4. Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany

    Cornel C. Sieber

  5. Nürnberg, Bayern, Germany

    Walter Swoboda

  6. Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg Klinik für Innere Medizin, Marburg, Hessen, Germany

    Andreas Neubauer

  7. Interdisziplinärer Schwerpunkt für Hämos, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Gießen, Germany

    Bettina Kemkes-Matthes

  8. Klinik für Gastroenterologie,Hepatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Michael P. Manns

  9. Sektion für Molekulare und Klinische Inf, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein,, Lübeck, Germany

    Jan Rupp

  10. Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen Herzzentrum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Gerd Hasenfuß

  11. Abt. Nephrologie und Klinische Immunologie, Univ.Klinikum Aachen Medizinische Klinik II, Aachen, Germany

    J. Floege

  12. Universitätsklinikum Köln Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Köln, Germany

    Michael Hallek

  13. Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH) Zentrum Innere Medizin, Hannover, Germany

    Tobias Welte

  14. Klinik u. Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Markus Lerch

  15. Dr.-Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Elisabeth Märker-Hermann

  16. Klinische Toxikologie, Giftinformation, Universitätsklinikum Mainz II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Mainz, Germany

    Ludwig Sacha Weilemann

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Randerath, W. (2014). Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen: Obstruktive und zentrale Schlafapnoe. In: Lehnert, H., et al. SpringerReference Innere Medizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_397-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_397-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54676-1

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  1. Latest

    Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen: Obstruktive und zentrale Schlafapnoe
    Published:
    19 January 2024

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_397-2

  2. Original

    Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen: Obstruktive und zentrale Schlafapnoe
    Published:
    05 February 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_397-1

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