Reviewed by M. Bickel, contributions to former editions by A.W. Herling.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Contributed in the first edition by M. Hropot
References and Further Reading
Aalto Y, Forsgren S, Kjorell O, Funegard O, Franzen L, Henriksson P (1999) Does bombesin-like peptide mediate radiation‐induced anorexia and satiety? Acta Oncol 38:1099–1102
Abe H, Sakaguchi M, Odashima S, Arichi S (1982) Protective effect of saikosaponin-d isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. on CCl4-induced liver injury in the rat. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 320:266–271
Abraham R, Fabian RJ, Goldberg L, Coulston F (1974) Role of lysosomes in carrageenan‐induced cecal ulceration. Gastroenterology 67:1169–1181
Adler G, Hupp T, Kern HF (1979) Course and spontaneous regression of acute pancreatitis in the rat. Virchow's Arch 382:31–37
Adler R, Hendrickx A, Rush J, Fondacaro JD (1990) Chronic colitis of juvenile rhesus macaques: mucosal tissue levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and leucotriene B4 (LTB-4). Gastroenterol 98:A436
Afdhal NH, Gong D, Niu N, Turner B, LaMont JT, Offner GT (1993) Cholesterol cholelithiais in the prairie dog. Role of mucin and nonmucin glycoproteins. Hepatology 17:693–700
Ahrendt SA, Ahrendt GM, Lillemoe KD, Pitt HA (1992) Effect of octreotide on sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder motility in prairie dogs. Am J Physiol 262 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 25):G909–G914
Aiko S, Conner EM, Fuseler JA, Grisham MB (1997) Effects of cyclosporine and FK506 in chronic colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 280:1075–1084
Akeson M, Sainz E, Mantey SA, Jensen RT, Battey JF (1997) Identification of four amino acids in the gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor that are required for high affinity agonist binding. J Biol Chem 272:17405–17409
Akiyama T, Tachibana I, Hirohata Y, Shirohara H, Yamamoto M, Otsuki M (1996) Pharmacological profile of TP-680, a new cholecystokininA receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 117:1588–1564
Ala-Kokko L, Stenbäck F, Ryhänen L (1987) Preventive effect of malotilate on carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver damage and collagen accumulation in the rat. Biochem J 246:503–509
Alderuccio F, Toh BH, Tan SS, Gleeson PA, van Driel IR (1993) An autoimmune disease with multiple molecular targets abrogated by transgenic expression of a single autoantigen in the thymus. J Exp Med 178:419–426
Alexander S, Peters J, Mathie A, MacKenzie G, Smith A (2001) TiPS Nomenclature Supplement 2001
Alexander S, Peters J, McKenzie G, Lewis S (2000) TiPS receptor and Ion Channel Supplement 2000, p 22
Allescher HD, Daniel EE, Classen M (1993) Nitric oxide as putative nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory transmitter in the opossum sphincter of Oddi. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 71:525–530
Alphin RS, Lin TM (1959) Effect of feeding and sham feeding on pancreatic secretion of the rat. Am J Physiol 197:260–262
Alphin RS, Lin TM (1959) Preparation of chronic denervated gastric pouches in the rat. Am J Physiol 197:257–262
Alpini G, Ulrich II CD, Phillips JO, Pham LD, Miller LJ, LaRusso NF (1994) Upregulation of secretin receptor gene expression in rat cholangiocytes after bile duct ligation. Am J Physiol, Gastrointest Liver Physiol 266:G922–G928
Altar A (1980) A chronic subcutaneous gastric cannula in adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 12:629–621
Alvarez C, Lopez MA (1989) The effect of alloxan diabetes on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the anesthetized rabbit. Intern J Pancreatol 5:229–238
Alvoro‐Alonso I, Munoz-Acedo G, Rodriguez‐Martin E, Schally AV, Arilla E (1999) Bombesin induces a reduction of somatostatin inhibition of adenyl cyclase activity, G1 function, and somatostatin receptors in rat exocrine pancreas. Peptides 20:723–730
Amblard M, Rodriguez M, Lignon MF, Galas MC, Bernad N, Aumelas A, Martinez J (1998) Modification of receptor selectivity and functional activity of cyclic cholecystokinin analogues. Eur J Med Chem 33:171–180
Ambler GL, Butler AA, Padmanabhan I, Breier BH, Gluckman PD (1996) The effects of octreotide on GH receptor and IGF-I expression in the GH-deficient rat. J Endocrinol 149:223–231
Ambuhl S, Williams VJ, Senior W (1979) Effects of cecectomy in the young adult female rat on digestibility of food offered ad libitum and in restricted amounts. Aust J Biol Sci 32:205–213
Amer MS, Becvar WE (1969) A sensitivein vitro method for the assay of cholecystokinin. J Endocrin 43:637–642
Ammon HV, Thomas PJ, Phillips S (1974) Effects of oleic and ricinoleic acids on net jejunal water and electrolyte movement. J Clin Invest 53:374–379
Amsterdam A, Jamieson JD (1972) Structural and functional characterization of isolated pancreatic exocrine cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:3028–3032
Anastasi A, Erspamer V, Bucci M (1971) Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytensin, two analogous peptides from the skin of European amphibians Bombina and Alytes. Experientia 27:166–167
Andersen DK, Ruiz CL, Burant CF, Nealon WH, Thompson JC, Hanks JB (1994) Insulin regulation of hepatic glucose transporter protein is impaired in chronic pancreatitis. Ann Surg 219:679–687
Andrews PLR, Bhandari P (1993) Resinferatoxin, an ultrapotent capsaicin analogue, has anti-emetic properties in the ferret. Neuropharmacology 32:799–806
Andrews PLR, Davis CJ, Bingham S, Davidson HIM, Hawthorn J, Maskell L (1990) The abdominal visceral innervation and the emetic reflex: pathways, pharmacology and plasticity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 68:325–345
Anthone GJ, Zinner MJ, Yeo CJ (1993) Small bowel origin and caloric dependence of a signal for meal-induced jejunal absorption. Ann Surg 217:57–63
Antony D, Savage F, Boulos P, Hembry R, Sams V, Trevethick M (1997) Effect of methylprednisolone on the ulceration, matrix metalloproteinase distribution and eicosanoid production in a model of colitis in the rabbit. Int J Exp Pathol 78:411–419
Aparigio-Pages MN, Verspaget HW, Pena AS, Weterman IT, de Bruin PA, Mierement-Ooms MA, van der Zon JM, van Tol EA, Lamers CB (1989) In vitro cellular cytotoxicity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Relation with disease activity and treatment, and the effect of recombinant gamma interferon. J Clin Lab Immunol 29:119–124
Arai T, Komatsu Y, Sasaki K, Taguchi S (1998) Reduced reactivity of pancreatic exocrine secretion in response to gastrointestinal hormone in WBN/Kob rats. J Gastroenterol 33:247–253
Arimura A, Sato H, Coy DH, Schally AV (1975) Radioimmunoassay for GH-release inhibiting hormone. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 148:784–789
Ariëns EJ, van Rossum JM (1957) pDx, pAx and pD′x values in the analysis of pharmacodynamics. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 110:275–299
Armitage AK, Vane JR (1964) A sensitive method for the assay of catechol amines. Br J Pharmacol 22:204–210
Arnold R, Koop H, Schwarting H, Tuch K, Willemer B (1986) Effect of acid inhibition on gastric endocrine cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 21 (Suppl 125):14–19
Arunlakshana O, Schild HO (1959) Some quantitative uses of drug antagonists. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 14:48–58
Asano M, Hatori C, Inamura N, Sawai H, Hirosumi J, Fujiwara T, Nakahara K (1997) Effects of a nonpeptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, FR167344, on different in vivo animal models of inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 122:1436–1440
Ash ASF, Schild HO (1966) Receptors mediating some actions of histamine. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 27:427–439
Ashton KA, Chang LK, Anthone GJ, Ortega AE, Simons AJ, Beart RW Jr (1996) Basal and meal-stimulated colonic absorption. Dis Colon Rectum 39:865–870
Aukland K, Bower B, Berliner R (1964) Measurement of local blood flow with hydrogen gas. Circ Res 14:164–187
Austin JL, Roberts C, Rosenholtz MJ, Reber HA (1980) Effect of partial duct obstruction and drainage on pancreatic function. J Surg Res 28:426–433
Awouters F, Megens A, Verlinden M, Schuurkes J, Niemegeers C, Janssen PAJ (1993) Loperamide. Survey on mechanisms of its antidiarrheal activity. Dig Dis Sci 38:977–995
Axelsson L-G, Landstrom E, Goldschmidt TJ, Gronberg A, Bylund‐Fellenius AC (1996) Dextran sulfate sodium induced experimental colitis in immunodeficient mice. Inflamm Res 45:181–191
Axelsson LG, Ahlstedt S (1993) Actions of sulfosalazine and analogues in animal models of experimental colitis. Immunopharmacology 2:219–232
Azay J, Gagne D, Devin C, Llinares M, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J (1996) JMV641: A potent bombesin receptor antagonist that inhibits Swiss 3T3 cell proliferation. Regul Pept 65:91–97
Azay J, Nagain C, Llinares M, Devin C, Fehrentz JA, Bernad N, Roze C, Martinez J (1998) Comparative study of in vivo and in vitro activities of bombesin pseudopeptide analogs modified an the C-terminal dipeptide fragments. Peptides 19:57–63
Baader E, Bickel M, Brocks D, Engelbart K, Günzler V, Schmidts HL, Vogel G (1990) Liver selective fibrosuppression in the rat by HOE 077, an inhibitor of prolyl-4-hydroxylase. Hepatology 12:947
Bach MK, Brashler JR, Jahnson MA (1985) Inhibition by sulfasalazine of LTC synthetase and of rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Biochem Pharmacol 34:2695–2704
Baker RA, Saccone GTP, Costi D, Thune A, Toouli J (1992) Motilin and erythromycin enhance the in vitro contractile activity of the sphincter of Oddi of the Australian brush-tailed possum. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 345:71–77
Baker RA, Saccone GTP, Toouli J (1990) Cisapride inhibits motility of the sphincter of Oddi in the Australian possum. Dig Dis Sci 35:711–715
Baker RA, Wilson TC, Padbury RTA, Toouli J, Saccone GTP (1996) Galanin modulates sphincter of Oddi function in the Australian brush-tailed possum. Peptides 17:933–941
Baker SA (1979) A new dog fundic pouch preparation. Pharmacologist 21:176
Bakker WH, Krenning EP, Breeman WA, Koper JW, Kooij PP, Reubi JC, Klijn JG, Visser ThJ, Docter R, Lamberts SW (1990) Receptor scintigraphy with a radioiodinated somatostatin analogue: Radiolabeling, biologic activity, and in vivo application in animals. J Nucl Med 31:1501–1509
Ballaz S, Barber A, Fortuno A, del Rio J, Martin‐Martinez M, Gomez-Monterrey I, Herranz R (1997) Pharmacological evaluation of IQM-95,333, a highly selective CCKA receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like activity in animal models. Br J Pharmacol 121:759–767
Ballaz S, Barber A, Fortuño A, Del Río J, Martín-Martínez M, Gómez-Monterrey I, Herranz R, Gonzáles-Muñiz R, García-López MT (1997) Pharmacological evaluation of IQM-95,333, a highly selective CCKA receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like activity in animal models. Br J Pharmacol 121:759–767
Barnette MS, Grous M, Manning CD, Callahan JF, Barone FC (1990) Inhibition of neuronally induced relaxation of canine lower esophageal sphincter by opioid peptides. Eur J Pharmacol 182:363–368
Barone FC, Deegan JF, Price WJ, Fowler PJ, Fondacaro JD, Ormsbee III HS (1990) Cold-restraint stress increases rat fecal output and colonic transit. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 258:G329–G337
Barrett AM (1966) Specific stimulation of gastric acid secretion by a pentapeptide derivative of gastrin. J Pharm Pharmacol 18:633–639
Barry MK, Maher MM, Gontarek JD, Jimenez RE, Yeo CJ (1995) Luminal dopamine modulates canine water and electrolyte transport. Dig Dis Sci 40:1738–1743
Barthol L, Holzer P (1987) Evaluation of a new and potent cholecystokinin antagonist on motor response of the guinea pig intestine. Br J Pharmacol 90:753–761
Bass P, Wiley JN (1972) Contractile force transducer for recording muscle activity in unanesthetized animals. J Appl Physiol 32:567–570
Bass RT, Buckwalter BL, Patel BP, Pausch HM, Price LA, Strnad J, Hadcock JR (1996) Identification and characterization of novel somatostatin antagonists. Mol Pharmacol 50:709–715
Bastidas JA, Orandle MS, Zinner MJ, Yeo CJ (1990) Small-bowel origin of the signal for meal-induced jejunal absorption. Surgery 108:376–383
Bastidas JA, Zinner MJ, Bastidas JA, Orandle MS, Yeo CJ (1992) Influence of meal composition on canine jejunal water and electrolyte absorption. Gastroenterology 102:486–492
Battey JF, Way JM, Corjay HM (1991) Molecular cloning of the bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor from Swiss 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:395–399
Bawab W, Chastre E, Gespach C (1991) Functional and structural characterization of the secretin receptors in rat gastric glands: desensitization and glycoprotein nature. Biosci Rep 11:33–42
Baxter GS, Clarke DE (1992) Benzimidazolone derivatives act as 5-HT4 receptor ligands in rat oesophagus. Eur J Pharmacol 212:225–229
Baxter GS, Craig DA, Clarke DE (1991) 5-Hydroxytryptamine4 receptors mediate relaxation of the rat oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 343:439–446
Beattie DT, Beresford IJ, Connor HE, Marshall FM, Hawcock AB, Hagan R, Bowers J, Birch PJ, Ward P (1995) The pharmacology of GR203040, a novel, potent and selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 116:3149–3157
Beil W, Sewing KF (1984) Inhibition of partially purified K+/H+-ATPase from guinea-pig isolated and enriched parietal cells by substituted benzimidazoles. Br J Pharmacol 82:651–657
Beil W, Staar U, Sewing KF (1990) Substituted thieno[3.4-d]imidazoles, a novel group of H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors. Differentiation of their inhibition characteristics from those of omeprazole. Eur J Pharmacol 187:455–467
Benitz KF, Goldberg L, Coulston F (1973) Intestinal effects of carrageenan in the rhesus monkeys. Food Cosmet Toxicol 11:565–575
Benya RV, Kusui T, Pradhan TK, Battey JF, Jensen RT (1995) Expression and characterization of cloned human bombesin receptors. Mol Pharmacol 47:10–20
Benya RV, Wada E, Battey JF, Fathi Z, Wang LH, Mantey SA, Coy DH, Jensen RT (1992) Neuromedin B receptors retain functional expression when transferred into BALB/3T3 fibroblasts: analysis of binding, kinetics, stoichiometry, modulation by guanine nucleotide binding proteins, signal transduction and comparison with natively expressed receptors. Mol Pharmacol 42:1058–1068
Berglindh T, Helander HF, öbrink KJ (1976) Effects of secretagogues on oxygen consumption, aminopyrine accumulation and morphology in isolated gastric glands. Acta Physiol Scand 97:401–414
Berglindh T, öbrink KJ (1976) A method for preparing isolated glands from the rabbit gastric mucosa. Acta Physiol Scand 96:150–159
Bernheim L, Matie A, Hille B (1992) Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes inhibiting Ca2+ current and M current in rat sympathetic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:9544–9548
Bertrand P, Böhme GA, Durieux C, Guyon C, Capet M, Jeantaud B, Boudeau P, Ducos B, Pendley CE, Martin GE, Floch A, Doble A (1994) Pharmacological properties of ureido‐acetamides, new potent and selective non-peptide CCKB/gastrin receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm 262:233–245
Beubler E, Badhri P (1990) Comparison of the antisecretory effects of loperamide and loperamide oxide in the jejunum and the colon of rats in vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol 42:689–692
Biancani P, Hillemeier C, Bitar KN, Mahklouf FM (1987) Contractions mediated by Ca2+ influx in esophageal muscle and by Ca2+ release in the LES. Am J Physiol 253:G760–G766
Bianchi C, Goi A (1977) On the antidiarrhoeal and analgesic properties of diphenoxylate, difenoxine and loperamide in mice and rats. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 27:1040–1043
Biancotti L, Elverdin JC, Vatta MS, Colatrella C, Fernández BE (1994) Atrial natriuretic factor enhances induced salivary secretion in the rat. Regul Pept 49:195–202
Biancotti L, Elverdin JC, Vatta MS, Fernández BE (1996) Atrial natriuretic factor modifies the composition of induced salivary secretion in the rat. Regul Pept 65:139–143
Bickel M (1983) Stimulation of colonic motility in dogs and rats by an enkephalin analogue pentapeptide. Life Sci 33, Suppl 1:469–472
Bickel M, Alpermann HG, Roche M, Schemann M, Ehrlein HJ (1985) Pharmacology of a gut motility stimulating enkephalin analogue. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 35:1417–1426
Bickel M, Baader E, Brocks D, Burghard H, Günzler V, Engelbart K, Hanauske-Abel HM, Vogel HG (1990) Liver selective fibrosuppression in the rat by a derivative of pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate, S 0885. Gastroenterology 98:A 570
Bickel M, Baader E, Brocks D, Günzler V, Schmidts HL (1991a) Effects of a prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor on collagen synthesis in different rat organs. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 3, Suppl 1:S65, Abstr. 260
Bickel M, Baader E, Brocks DG, Engelbart K, Günzler V, Schmidts HL, Vogel HG (1991) Beneficial effects of inhibitors of prolyl-4-hydroxylase in CCl4-induced fibrosis of the liver in rats. J Hepatol 13, Suppl 3:S26–S34
Bickel M, Bal-Tempe S, Blumbach J, Dohadwalla AN, Lal B, Palm D, Rajagopalan R, Rupp RH, Schmidt D, Volz-Zang C (1990) HL 752, a new enteral active muscarinic receptor antagonist. Med Sci Res 18:877–879
Bickel M, Baringhaus KH, Gerl M, Guenzler V, Kanta J, Schmidts HL, Stapf M, Tschank G, Weidmann K, Werner U (1998) Selective inhibition of hepatic collagen accumulation in experimental liver fibrosis in rats, by a new prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor. Hepatology 28:404–411
Bickel M, Belz U (1985) Initiation of the interdigestive migrating motor complex by a synthetic enkephalin analogue in the dog. IRCS Med Sci 13:525–526
Bickel M, Belz U (1988) Motilin and a synthetic enkephalin induce colonic motor complexes (CMC) in the conscious dog. Peptides 9:501–507
Bickel M, Gerl M, Günzler V (1996) Die CCl4 induzierte Leberfibrose der Ratte. Validierung eines experimentellen Modells. Z Gastroenterol Suppl 34: Abstr. 49
Bickel M, Gossel M, Geisen K, Jaehne G, Lang HJ, Rosenburg R, Sandow J (2004) Analysis of the anorectic efficacy of HMR1426 in rodents and its effects on gastric emptying in rats. Int J Obes 28:211–221
Bickel M, Herling AW, Rising TJ, Wirth K (1986) Antisecretory effects of two new histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 36:1358–1363
Bieger D, Triggle C (1985) Pharmacological properties of mechanical responses of the rat oesophageal muscularis mucosae to vagal and field stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 84:93–106
Bielecki K, Wiedmann M, Meyer F, Kimura W, Mossner J (1994) Effect of 5-fluorourazil on secretion and synthesis of pancreatic digestive enzymes: Studies in isolated pancreatic acini and perfused pancreas derived from normal rats and rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 9:518–525
Bigaud M, Elands J, Kastner PR, Bohnke RA, Emmert LW, Galvan M (1995) Pharmacology of the human metabolites of Dolasetron, an antiemetic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Drug Dev Res 34:289–296
Bilchik AJ, Hines OJ, Adrian TE, McFadden DW, Berger JJ, Zinner MJ, Ashley SW (1993) Peptide YY is a physiological regulator of water and electrolyte absorption in the canine small bowel in vivo. Gastroenterology 105:1441–1448
Binder HJ, Sandle GI (1987) Electrolyte absorption and secretion in the mammalian colon. In: LR Johnson (ed) Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Raven Press New York, pp 1389–1418
Bingham S, Blower PR, Davey PT, King PD, Sanger GJ, Wardle KA, Nishioka Y (1994) Differences in the anti-emetic efficacies of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists granisetron and azasetron in the conscious ferret. Pharmacometrics 47:21–28
Bingham S, King BF, Rushant B, Smith MI, Gaster L, Sanger GJ (1995) Antagonism by SE 204070 of 5-HT-evoked contractions in the dog stomach: An in vivo model of 5-HT4 receptor function. J Pharm Pharmacol 47:219–222
Birdsall NJM, Burgen ASV, Hulme EC (1978) The binding of agonists to brain muscarinic receptors. Mol Pharmacol 14:723–736
Birdsall NJM, Nathanson NM, Schwarz RD (2001) Muscarinic receptors: it's a knockout. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22:215–219
Bitar KN, Mahklouf GM (1982) Receptors on smooth muscle cells: Characterization by contraction and specific antagonists. Am J Physiol 242:G400–G407
Black JW, Duncan WAM, Durant CJ, Ganellin CR, Parsons EM (1972) Definition and antagonism of histamine H2-receptors. Nature 236:385–390
Black JW, Kalindjian SB (2002) Gastrin agonists and antagonists. Pharmacol Toxicol 91:275–281
Blackshaw LA, Dent J (1997) Lower oesophageal sphincter responses to noxious oesophageal chemical stimuli in the ferret: Involvement of tachykinin receptors. J Auton Nerv Syst 66:189–200
Blackshaw LA, Nisyrios V, Dent J (1995) Responses of ferret lower esophageal sphincter to 5-hydroxytryptamine pathways and receptor subtypes. Am J Physiol 268 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 31):G1004–G1011
Blevins GT Jr, Doi R, Tangoku A, Chowdhury P, McKay D, Rayford PL (1992) Simultaneous measurement of cholecystokinin‐stimulated amylase release and cholecystokinin receptor binding in rat pancreatic acini. J Lab Clin Med 119:566–573
Blevins GT Jr, van de Westerloo EMA, Yule DI, Williams JA (1994) Characterization of cholecystokininA receptor agonist activity by a family of cholecystokininB receptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269:911–916
Boden G, Wilson RM (1979) Secretin. In: Jaffe BM, Behrman HR (eds) Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay. Academic Press, New York, pp 479–494
Boden PR, Higginbottom M, Hill DR, Horwell DC, Hughes J, Rees DC, Roberts E, Singh L, Suman-Chauhan N, Wooruff GN (1993) Cholecystokinin dipeptoid antagonists: Design, synthesis, and anxiolytic profile of some novel CCK-A and CCK-B selective and “mixed” CCK-A/CCK-B antagonists. J Med Chem 36:552–565
Bodner L, Qwarnstrom B, Omnell KA, Hand AR, Baum BJ (1983) Rat submandibular gland secretion: a bilateral and longitudinal comparative study. Comp Biochem Physiol 74A:829–831
Boldyreff WN (1925) Surgical method in the physiology of digestion. Description of the most important operations on digestive system. Ergebn Physiol 24:399–444
Bonnafous C, Lefevre P, Bueno L (1995) Benzodiazepine‐withdrawal‐induced gastric emptying disturbances in rats: Evidence for serotonin receptor involvement. J Pharm Exp Ther 273:995–1000
Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR (1987) Identification of a family of muscarinic receptor genes. Science 237:527–532
Bonner TI, Young AC, Brann MR, Buckley NJ (1988) Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. Neuron 1:403–410
Borella LE, DiJoseph JF, Nabi Mir G (1989) Cytoprotective and antiulcer activities of the antacid Magaldrate in the rat. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 39:786–789
Bouchard G, Yousef IM, Tuchweber B (1993) Influence of oral treatment with ursodeoxycholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acids on estrogen induced cholestasis in rats: Effects on bile formation and liver plasma membranes. Liver 13:193–202
Bountra C, Bunce K, Dale T, Gardner C, Jordan C, Twissell D, Ward P (1993) Anti-emetic profile of an non-peptide neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonist, CP 99,994, in ferrets. Eur J Pharmacol 249:R3–R4
Bourin M, Malinge M, Vasar E, Bradwejn J (1996) Two faces of cholecystokinin: Anxiety and schizophrenia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 10:116–126
Boyd AJ, Sherman IA, Saibil FG (1995) Effects of plain and controlled-ileal-release budesonide formulations in experimental ileitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 30:974–981
Boyle RG, Humphries J, Mitchell T, Showell GA, Apaya R, Iijima H, Shimada H, Arai T, Ueno H, Usui Y, Sakaki T, Wada E, Wada K (2005) The design of a new potent and selective ligand for the orphan bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS3). J Pept Sci 11:136–141
Boyle SJ, Tang KW, Woodruff GN, McKnight AT (1993) Characterization of CCK receptors in a novel smooth muscle preparation from the guinea pig stomach by use of the selective antagonists CI-988, L-365,260 and devazepide. Br J Pharmacol 109:913–917
Bozkurt A, Oktar BK, Kurtel H, Alican I, Coskun T, Yegen B (1999) Capsaicin‐sensitive vagal fibres and 5-HT3-, gastrin releasing peptide- and cholecystokinin A-receptors are involved in distension‐induced inhibition of gastric emptying in the rat. Regul Pept 83:2–3
Bregenholt S, Claesson MH (1998) Splenic T helper cell type 1 cytokine profile and extramedullary haematopoesis in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clin Exp Immunol 111:166–172
Briejer MR, Akkermans LMA, Schuurkes JAJ (1995) Gastrointestinal prokinetic benzamides: the pharmacology underlying stimulation of motility. Pharmacol Rev 47:631–651
Brighton SW, Dormehl IC, du Pleussis M, Maree M (1987) The effect of an oral gold preparation on the gastrointestinal tract motility in two species of experimental animals. J Pharmacol Meth 17:185–188
Bristow LJ, Young L (1994) Chromodacryorrhea and repetitive hind paw tapping: models of peripheral and central tachykinin NK1 receptor activation in gerbils. Eur J Pharmacol 254:245–249
Brittain RT, Daly MJ (1981) A review of animal pharmacology of ranitidine – a new, selective histamine H2-antagonist. Scand J Gastroenterol 16, Suppl 69:1–8
Brocks D, Bickel M, Engelbarth K (1986) Type IV collagen antigens in serum of rats with experimental fibrosis of the liver. Alcohol Alcoholism Suppl 1:497–500
Brogden RN, Sorkin EM (1989) Mesalazine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Drugs 38:500–523
Broughton G, Tseng A, Fitzgibbons R, Tyndall S, Stanislav G, Rongone EL (1991) The prevention of cholelithiasis with infused sodium chenodeoxycholate in the prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). Comp Biochem Physiol A 99:609–613
Brown BL, Albano JDM, Ekins RP, Sgherzi AM (1971) A simple and sensitive assay method for the measurement of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate. Biochem J 121:561–562
Brown J, Gallagher ND (1978) A specific gastrin receptor site in the rat stomach. Biochim Biophys Acta 538:42–49
Brown JH, Brown SL (1984) Agonists differentiate muscarinic receptors that inhibit cyclic AMP formation from those that stimulate phophoinositide metabolism. J Biol Chem 259:3777–3781
Brown JH, Goldstein D, Brown Masters S (1985) The putative M1 muscarinic receptor does not regulate phophoinositide hydrolysis. Studies with pirenzepine and McN-A343 in chick heart and astrocytoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 27:525–531
Bruck R, Hershkowviz R, Lider O, Aed H, Zaidel L, Matas Z, Barg J, Halpern Z (1996) Inhibition of experimentally‐induced liver cirrhosis in rats by a nonpeptidic mimetic of the extracellular matrix‐associated Arg-Gly-Asp epitope. J Hepatol 24:731–738
Bruckner P, Prockop DJ (1981) Proteolytic enzymes as probes for the triple‐helical conformation of procollagen. Anal Biochem 110:360–368
Bruno JF, Xu Y, Song J, Berelowitz M (1992) Molecular cloning and functional expression of a brain-specific somatostatin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:1151–1155
Bruns C, Raulf F, Hoyer D, Schloos J, Lubbert H, Weckbecker G (1996) Binding properties of somatostatin receptor subtypes. Metab Clin Exp 45, Suppl:17–20
Brändström PA, Wallmark B, Mattsson H, Rikner L, Hoffmann KJ (1990) Omeprazole: The first proton pump inhibitor. Med Res Rev 10:1–54
Buchan AM, Meloche RM, Kwok YN, Kofod H (1993) Effect of cholecystokinin and secretin on somatostatin release from cultured antral cells. Gastroenterol 104:1414–1419
Buckley NJ, Bonner TI, Buckley C, Brann MR (1989) Antagonist binding properties of five cloned muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Mol Pharmacol 35:469–476
Bueno L, Ferre JP, Ruckebusch M, Genton M, Pascaud X (1981) Continuous electrical and mechanical activity recording in the gut of the conscious rat. J Pharmacol Meth 6:129–136
Bult H, Parnham MJ, Bonta IL (1977) Bioassay by cascade superfusion using a highly sensitive laminar flow technique. J Pharm Pharmacol 29:369–370
Bunce KT, Parsons ME (1976) A quantitative study of metiamide, a histamine H2-antagonist on the isolated whole rat stomach. J Physiol 258:453–465
Burkman AM (1982) Assessment of emetic and antiemetic activity. J Pharmacol Meth 8:165–171
Burn JH, Finney DJ, Goodwin LG (1952) Biological Standardization, Oxford University Press, London, New York, Toronto, Chapter XVIII, Secretin and Pancreozymin, pp 335–339
Burn JH, Finney DJ, Goodwin LG (eds) (1952) Biological standardization, Chapter XVII, Gastric secretion. Oxford University Press, London, pp 332–334
Burton RG, Gorewit RC (1984) Ultrasonic flowmeter uses wide beam transit time technique. Med Electron 15:68–73
Bárdos G, Nagy K (1995) A new method: double Thiry-Vella fistulas in rats to compare the effects of small and large intestinal stimulation on behaviour. Physiol Behav 57:591–593
Bülbring E, Dawes GS (1945) A method for the assay of atropine substitutes on the salivary secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 84:177–183
Cabrini DA, Silva AM, Calixto JB (1995) Mechanisms of bradykinin‐induced contraction of the guinea-pig gall bladder in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 114:1549–1556
Cai RZ, Szoke B, Lu R, Fu D, Redding TW, Schally AV (1986) Synthesis and biological activity of highly potent octapeptide analogs of somatostatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1896–1900
Calabuig R, Weems WA, Moody FG (1990) Choledochoduodenal flow: effect of the sphincter of Oddi in opossums and cats. Gastroenterology 99:1641–1646
Cameron GR, Oakley CL (1932) Ligation of the common bile duct. J Path 35:769–798
Canalis EM, Dietrich JW, Maina DA, Raisz LG (1977) Hormonal control of bone collagen synthesis in vitro. Effects of insulin and glucagon. Endocrinology 100:668–674
Cantorna MT, Munsick C, Bemiss C, Mahon BD (2000) 1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents and ameliorated symptoms of experimental murine inflammatory bowel disease. J Nutr 130:2648–2652
Carmine AA, Brogden RN (1985) Pirenzepine: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in peptic ulcer disease and other allied diseases. Drugs 30:85–126
Carter DC, Grossman MI (1978) Effect of luminal pH on acid secretion evoked by topical and parenteral stimulants. J Physiol (London) 281:227–237
Carter SG, Karl DW (1982) Anorganic phosphate assay with malachite green: an improvement and evaluation. J Biochem Biophys Meth 7:7–13
Casanueva FF, Perez FR, Casabiell X, Camiña JP, Cai RZ, Schally AV (1996) Correlation between the effects of bombesin antagonists on cell proliferation and intracellular calcium concentration in Swiss 3T3 and HT-29 cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1406–1411
Castilho LN, Sipahi AM, Bettarello A, Quintão ECR (1990) Bile acids do not regulate the intestinal mucosal cholesterol synthesis: Studies in the chronic bile duct-ureter fistula rat model. Digestion 45:147–152
Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJM (1998) International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 50:279–290
Chalifoux LV, Bronson RT (1981) Colonic adenocarcinoma associated with chronic colitis in cotton-top marmosets, Saguinus oedipus. Gastroenterol 80:942–946
Champtiaux N, Gotti C, Cordero‐Erausquin M, David DJ, Przybylski C, Lena C, Clementi F, Moretti M, Rossi FM, Le-Novere N, McIntosh JM, Gardier AM, Changeux JP (2003) Subunit composition of functional nicotinic receptors in dopaminergic neurons investigated with knock-out mice. J Neurosci 23:7820–7829
Chaney SG, Kare MR (1966) Emesis in birds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 149:938–943
Chang RS, Lotti VJ (1986) Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of an extremely potent and selective nonpeptide cholecystokinin antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:4923–4926
Chang RS, Lotti VJ, Chen TB, Kunkel KA (1986) Characterization of the binding of [3H]-(±)-L-364,718: a new potent, non-peptide cholecystokinin antagonist radioligand selective for peripheral receptors. Mol Pharmacol 30:212–217
Chang RSL, Lotti VJ, Martin GE, Chen TB (1983) Increase in brain 125I-cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor binding following chronic haloperidol treatment, intracisternal 6- hydroxydopamine or ventral tegmental lesions. Life Sci 32:871–878
Chang TM, Chey WY (1980) Radioimmunoassay of secretin. A critical review and current status. Dig Dis Sci 25:529–552
Chapman WC, Fisk J, Schot D, Debelak JP, Washington MK, Bluth RF, Pierce D, Williams RF (1998) Establishment and characterization of primary gallbladder epithelial cell cultures in the prairie dog. J Surg Res 80:35–43
Chariot J, Roze C, Vaille C, Debray C (1978) Effects of somatostatin on the external secretion of the pancreas in the rat. Gastroenterology 75:832–837
Chaudry IH, Clemens MG, Ohkawa M, Schleck S, Baue AE (1982) Restoration of hepatocellular function and blood flow following hepatic ischemia with ATP-MgCl2. Adv Shock Res 8:177–186
Chave HS, Gough AC, Palmer K, Preston SR, Primrose JN (2000) Bombesin family receptor and ligand gene expression in human colorectal cancer and normal mucosa. Br J Cancer 82:124–130
Checler F, Vincent JP, Kitabgi P (1986) Neuromedin N: High affinity interaction with brain neurotensin receptors and rapid inactivation by brain synaptic peptidases. Eur J Pharmacol 126:239–244
Chen C, Okayama H (1987) High efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol Cell Biol 7:2745–2752
Chen CY, Shiesh SC, Lin XZ (1999) Biliary sludge and pigmented stone formation in bile duct-ligated guinea pigs. Dig Dis Sci 44:203–209
Chen YZ, Ikei S, Yamaguchi Y, Sameshima H, Sugita H, Moriyasu M, Ogawa M (1996) The protective effect of long-acting recombinant human pancreatic secretory inhibitor (R44S-PSTI) in a rat model of cerulein‐induced pancreatitis. J Int Med Res 24:59–68
Cheng YC, Prussoff WH (1973) Relationship between the inhibition constant (K I) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent inhibition (I 50) of an enzymatic reaction. Biochem Pharmacol 22:3099–3108
Chernaeva L, Mizhorkova Z (1995) Postnatal development of methionine‐enkephalin modulation of cholinergic transmission in cat ileum. Mech Ageing Dev 83:117–124
Chessell IP, Black M, Feniuk W, Humphrey PPA (1996) Operational characteristics of somatostatin receptors mediating inhibitory actions on rat locus coeruleus neurons. Br J Pharmacol 117:1673–1678
Chiu JH, Lui WY, Chen YL, Hong CY (1998) Local somatothermal stimulation inhibits the motility of sphincter of Oddi in cats, rabbits and humans through nitrergic neural release of nitric oxide. Life Sci 63:413–428
Chow BKC (1995) Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human secretin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 212:204–211
Chowdhury JR, Berkowitz JM, Praissman M, Fara JW (1975) Interaction between octapeptide‐cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin on cat gall bladder in vitro. Am J Physiol 229:1311–1315
Chu KU, Higashide S-I, Evers BM, Ishikuza J, Townsend CM Jr, Thompson CJ, Jones RS, Souba WW Jr, Hanks JB, Fischer JE, Gadacz TR, Chu KU (1995) Bombesin stimulates mucosal growth in jejunal and ileal Thiry–Vella fistulas. Ann Surg 221:602–611
Chung A, Richter WR (1971) Early changes in the exocrine pancreas of the dog and rat after ligation of the pancreatic duct: A light and electron microscopy study. Am J Patol 63:521–546
Claesson MH, Rudolphi A, Kofoed S, Pulsen SS, Reimann J (1996) CD4+ T lymphocytes injected into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice lead to an inflammatory and lethal bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 104:491–500
Clain JE, Malagelada JR, Chadwick VS, Hofmann AE (1977) Binding properties in vitro of antacids for conjugated bile salts. Gastroenterology 73:556–559
Clapham J, Kilpatrick GJ (1992) Histamine H3 receptors modulate the release of [3H]-acetylcholine from slices of rat entorhinal cortex: evidence for the possible existence of H3 receptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 107:919–923
Cohen BI, Mikami T, Ayyad N, Ohshima A, Infante R, Mosbach EH (1995) Hydrophilic bile acids: prevention and dissolution experiments in two animal models of cholesterol cholelithiasis. Lipids 30:855–861
Cohen BI, Mosbach EH, Matoba N, Suh SO, McSherry CK (1990) The effect of alfalfa-corn diets on cholesterol metabolism and gallstones in prairie dogs. Lipids 25:143–148
Cohen DE, Leighton LS, Carey MC (1992) Bile salt hydrophobicity controls vesicle secretion rates and transformation in native bile. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver 263:G386–G395
Cohen ML, Bloomquist W, Calligaro D, Swanson S (1998) Comparative 5-HT4 receptor antagonist activity of LY353433 and its active hydroxylated metabolites. Drug Dev Res 43:193–199
Cohen ML, Bloomquist W, Gidda JS, Lacefield W (1989) Comparison of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist properties of ICS 205–930, GR38032 and zacopride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 248:197–201
Cohen ML, Bloomquist W, Schaus JM, Thompson DC, Susemichel AD, Calligaro DO, Cohen I (1996) LY353433, a potent, orally effective, long-acting 5-HT4 receptor antagonist: Comparison to cisapride and RS23597–190. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277:97–104
Cohen ML, Susemichel AD, Bloomquist W, Robertson DW (1994) 5-HT4 receptors in rat but not guinea pig, rabbit or dog esophageal smooth muscle. Gen Pharmacol 25:1143–1148
Colwell AR (1950) The relation of bile loss to water balance in the rat. Am J Digest Dis 17:270–276
Conter RL, Roslyn J, Pitt HA, DenBesten L (1986) Carbohydrate diet-induced calcium bilirubinate sludge and pigment gall stones in the prairie dog. J Surg Res 40:580–587
Corgay MH, Dobrzanski DJ, Way JM, Vialett J, Shapira H, Worland P, Sausville EA, Battey JF (1991) Two distinct bombesin receptor subtypes are expressed and functional in human lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 266:18771–18779
Costall B, Gunning SJ, Naylor RJ, Tyers MB (1987) The effect of GR 38032F, a novel 5-HT3 antagonist on gastric emptying in the guinea pig. Br J Pharmacol 91:263–264
Coupar I, Liu L (1996) A simple method for measuring the effects of drugs on intestinal longitudinal and circular muscle. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 36:147–154
Cox MR, Padbury RT, Harvey JR, Baker RA, Toouli J, Saccone GTP (1998b) Substance P stimulates sphincter of Oddi motility and inhibits trans-sphincteric flow in the Australian brush-tailed possum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 10:165–173
Cox MR, Padbury RTA, Snelling TL, Schloithe AC, Harvey JR, Toouli J, Saccone GTP (1998) Gastrin‐releasing peptide stimulates gallbladder motility but not sphincter Oddi motility in Australian brush-tailed possum. Dig Dis Sci 43:1275–1284
Coy DH, Taylor JE (1996) Receptor‐specific somatostatin analogs: Correlations with biological activity. Metab Clin Exp 45, Suppl:21–23
Crawley JN, Corwin RL (1994) Biological actions of cholecystokinin. Peptides 15:731–755
Creutzfeldt W, Deuticke U (1962) Beeinflussung der Insulinempfindlichkeit der eviscerierten Ratte durch Nebennieren‐Exstirpation, Nebennierenhormone und Glukagon. Acta Endocrin 39:262–284
Creutzfeldt W, Deuticke U, Söling HD (1961) Potenzierung der Wirkung von exogenem Insulin durch N-(4-Methylbenzolsulfonyl)-N′-butylcarbamid und N1,-n-Butylbiguanid beim eviscerierten Tier. Klin Wschr 39:790–795
Creutzfeldt W, Stöckmann F, Conlon JM, Fölsch UR, Bonatz G, Wülfrath M (1986) Effect of short- and long-term feeding of omeprazole on rat gastric endocrine cells. Digestion 35 (Suppl 1):84–97
Cruz T, Galvez J, Ocete MA, Crespo ME, Sanchez de Medina LH, Zarzuelo A (1998) Oral administration of rutoside can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Life Sci 62:687–695
Cullen JJ, Conklin JL, Murray J, Ledlow A, Rosenthal G (1996) Effect of recombinant human hemoglobin on opossum sphincter of Oddi motor function in vivo and in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 41:289–294
Cuq P, Gross A, Terraza A, Fourmy D, Clerc P, Dornand J, Magous R (1997) mRNAs encoding CCKB but not CCKA receptors are expressed in human T lymphocytes and Jurkat lymphoblastoid cells. Life Sci 61:543–555
Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Genovese T, Patel NSA, Muià C, Threadgill MD, de Sarro A, Thiemermann C (2004) 5-Aminoisoquinolinone reduces colon injury by experimental colitis. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 370:464–473
Da Rocca G, Fileccia R, Mule F, Abbadessa-Urso S (1992) Neurally mediated effects of metoclopramide on pigeon oesophageal muscle. Ital J Gastroenterol 24:198–202
Daemen MJAP, Thijssen HHW, van Essen, Veroort‐Peters HTM, Prinzen FW, Struyker Boudier HAJ, Smits JFM (1989) Liver blood flow measurement in the rat. The electromagnetic versus the microsphere and the clearance methods. J Pharmacol Meth 21:287–297
Dajani EZ, Bianchi RG, East PF, Bloss JL, Adelstein GW, Yen CH (1977) The pharmacology of SC-27166: a novel anti-diarrheal agent. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 203:512–526
Daly MJ, Flook JJ, Levy GP (1975) The selectivity of β-adrenoceptor antagonists on cardiovascular and bronchodilator responses to iso-prenaline in the anaesthetized dog. Br J Pharmacol 53:173–181
Daly MJ, Hartley RW, Stables R (1980) An improved apparatus for intragastric titration in the conscious dog. J Pharmacol Meth 3:63–69
Daly MJ, Humphray JM, Stables R (1980) Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the dog by the H2-receptor antagonists ranitidine, cimetidine and metiamide. Gut 21:408–412
Daly MJ, Humphray JM, Stables R (1981) Some in vitro and in vivo actions of the new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine. Br J Pharmac 72:49–54
Damms ETM, Oyen WJG, Boerman OC, Storm G, Laverman P, Koenders EB, Van der Meer JWM, Corstens FHM (1998) Technetium-99m-labeled liposomes to image experimental colitis in rabbits. J Nucl Med 39:2172–2178
Danesi R, Del Tacca M (1996) The effects of the somatostatin analog octreotide on angiogenesis in vitro. Metab Clin Exp 45, Suppl:49–50
Dashti HM, Abul H, Behbehani A, Hussain T, Madda JP (1996) Interleukin-8 and trace element alterations in experimentally induced liver cirrhosis: The influence of zinc, selenium, and allopurinol treatment. J Trace Elem Exp Med 9:27–40
Davis KG, Wertin TM, Schriver JP (2003) The use of simvastatin for the prevention of gallstones in the lithogenic prairie dog model. Obes Surg 13:865–868
De Arruda-Henry MAC, Uchida‐Athanasio EI (1994) Effect of metoclopramide, ranitidine and droperidol on lower esophageal sphincter. Experimental study in opossum (Didelphis albiventris). Arq Gastroenterol 31:103–107
De Boer REP, Brouwer F, Zaagsma J (1993) The β-adrenoceptors mediating relaxation of the rat oesophageal muscularis mucosae are predominantly of the β3- but also of the β2-subtype. Br J Pharmacol 110:442–446
De Boer REP, Brouwer F, Zaagsma J (1995) Noradrenaline‐induced relaxation of rat oesophageal muscularis mucosae: Mediation solely by innervated β3-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 116:1945–1947
De Graaf JS, de Vos CJ, Steenbergen HJ (1983) Fully automated experiments with isolated organs in vitro. J Pharmacol Meth 10:113–135
De Lecea L, Criado JR, Prospero‐Garcia O, Gautvick KM, Schweitzer P, Danielson PE, Dunlop CL, Siggins GR, Henriksen SJ, Sutcliffe GJ (1996) A cortical neuropeptide with neuronal depressant and sleep-modulating properties. Nature 381:242–245
De la Puerta R, Saenz MT, Garcia MD (1993) Choleretic effect of the essential oil from Helichrysum picardi Boiss. and Reuter in rats. Phytother Res 7:376–377
DeTullio P, Delarge J, Pirotte B (1999) Recent advances in the chemistry of cholecystokinin receptor ligands (agonists and antagonists). Curr Med Chem 6:433–455
Decker K, Keppler D (1972) Galactosamine induced liver injury. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in Liver Disease, Vol IV, Grune and Stratton Inc, New York, pp 183–199
Dent JA (1976) A new technique for continuous sphincter pressure measurement. Gastroenterology 71:263–267
Derrien M, McCort‐Tranchepain I, Ducos B, Roques BP, Durieux C (1994) Heterogeneity of CCKB receptors involved in animal models of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49:133–141
Descroix-Vagne M, Perret JP, Daoud-El Baba M, Gros I, Rakotomalala H, Desvigne A, Jourdan G, Nicol P (1993) Interaction between pepsin and acid secretion during fundic perfusion in cat and rabbit. Comp Biochem Physiol A. Comp Physiol 104:283–286
deVito RV, Harkins HN (1959) Techniques in Heidenhain pouch experiments. J Appl Physiol 14:138–140
Deyer JC, Thorn P, Bountra C, Jordan CC (1993) Acetylcholine and cholecystokinin induced acid extrusion in mouse isolated pancreatic acinar cells as measured by the microphysiometer. J Physiol 459:390P
Dharmsathaphorn K, Yamshiro DJ, Lindeborg D, Mandel KG, McRoberts J, Ruffolo RR (1984) Effects of structure‐activity relationships of a-adrenergic compounds on electrolyte transport in the rabbit ileum and rat colon. Gastroenterology 86:120–128
DiJoseph JF, Borella LE, Nabi Mir G (1989) Activated aluminium complex derived from solubilized antacids exhibits enhanced cytoprotective activity in the rat. Gastroenterology 96:730–735
DiJoseph JF, Taylor JA, Nabi Mir G (1984) Alpha-2 receptors in the gastrointestinal system: A new therapeutic approach. Life Sci 35:1031–1042
Dieleman LA, Peña AS, Meuwissen SGM, van Rees EP (1997) Role of animal models for the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 32, Suppl 223:99–104
Dietrich JB, Hildebrand P, Baselgia-Jeker L, Pansky A, Eberle AN, Beglinger C (1994) Effect of BIM26226, a potent and specific bombesin receptor antagonist, on amylase release and binding of bombesin-like peptides to ARA-2J cells. Regul Pept 53:165–173
Ding X-Q, Håkanson R (1996) Evaluation of the specificity and potency of a series of cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor antagonists in vivo. Pharmacol Toxicol 79:124–130
Djahanguiri B (1969) The production of acute gastric ulceration by indomethacin in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 4:265–267
Dobreva G, Mizhorkova Z, Kortezova N, Papasova M (1994) Some characteristics of the muscularis mucosae of the cat lower esophageal sphincter. Gen Pharmacol 25:639–643
Dockray GJ, Varro A, Dimaline R, Wang T (2001) The gastrins: their production and biological activities. Annu Rev Physiol 63:119–139
Doherty NS, Hancock AA (1983) Role of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors in the control of diarrhea and intestinal motility. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 225:269–274
Doi K, Nagao T, Kawakubo K, Ibayashi S, Aoyagi K, Yano Y, Yamamoto C, Kanamoto K, Iida M, Sadoshima S, Fujishima M (1998) Calcitonin gene-related peptide affords gastric mucosal protection by activating potassium channel in Wistar rats. Gastroenterology 114:71–76
Doi R, Hosotani R, Inoue K, Fujii N, Najima H, Rayford PhL, Tobe T (1990) Receptor binding of cholecystokinin analogues in isolated rat pancreatic acini. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 166:286–292
Doluisio JT, Billups NF, Dittert LW, Sugita ET, Swintowsky JV (1969) Drug absorption I: An in situ rat gut technique yielding realistic absorption rates. J Pharm Sci 58:1196–1200
Domschke W, Hagel J, Ruppin H, Kaduk B (1986) Antacids and gastric mucosal protection. Scand J Gastroenterol 21 (Suppl 125):144–149
Donohue PJ, Sainz E, Akeson M, Kroog GS, Mantey SA, Battey JF, Jensen RT, Northup JK (1999) An aspartate residue at the extracellular boundary of TMII and an arginine residue in TMVII of the gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor interact to facilitate heterotrimeric G protein coupling. Biochemistry 38:9366–9372
Doods HN, Mathy MJ, Davidesko D, van Charldorp KJ, de Jonge A, van Zwieten PA (1987) Selectivity of muscarinic antagonists in radioligand and in vivo experiments for the putative M1, M2 and M3 receptors. J Pharm Exp Ther 242:257–262
Drago F, Montoneri C, Varga C, Laszlo F (1999) Dual effect of female sex steroids on drug-induced gastroduodenal ulcers in the rat. Life Sci 64:2341–2350
Droppleman DA, Gregory RL, Alphin RS (1980) A simplified method for assessing drug effects on gastric emptying in rats. J Pharmacol Meth 4:227–230
Drury DR (1935) Sugar utilization in eviscerated rabbits. Am J Physiol 111:289–292
Duane WC, Gilberstadt ML, Wiegand DM (1979) Diurnal rhythms of bile acid production in the rat. Am J Physiol 236:R175–R179
Dunlop J, Brammer N, Ennis C (1996) Pharmacological characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line transfected with the human CCK-B receptor gene. Neuropeptides 30:359–363
Dunlop J, Brammer N, Evans N, Ennis C (1997) YM022 [(R)-1-[2,3-dihydro-1-(2′-methylphenacyl)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3yl]-3-(3-methylphenyl)urea]: an irreversible cholecystokinin type-B receptor antagonist. Biochem Pharmacol 54:81–85
Duplantier AJ, Biggers MS, Chambers RJ, Cheng JB, Cooper K, Damon DB, Eggler JF, Kraus KG, Marfat A, Masamune H, Pillar JS, Shirley JT, Umland JP, Watson JW (1996) Biarylcarboxylic acids and -amides: inhibition of phosphodiesterase type IV versus [3H]rolipram binding activity and their relationship to emetic behavior in the ferret. J Med Chem 39:120–125
Durieux C, Corringer JP, Bergeron F, Roques BP (1989) [3H]pBC 264, first highly potent and very selective radioligand for CCK-B receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 168:269–270
Dzan VJ, Haith LR Jr, Szabo S, Reynolds ES (1975) Effect of metiamide on the development of duodenal ulcers produced by cysteamine or propionitrile in rats. Clin Res 23:576A
Dörje F, Rettenmayr NM, Mutschler E, Lambrecht G (1991a) Effect of extracellular calcium concentration on potency of muscarinic agonists at M1 and M2 receptors in rabbit vas deferens. Eur J Pharmacol 203:417–420
Dörje F, Wess J, Lambrecht G, Tacke R, Mutschler E, Brann MR (1991b) Antagonistic binding profiles of five cloned human muscarinic receptor subtypes. J Pharm Exp Ther 256:727–733
Edwards GL, Power JD (1999) The role of brain-gut peptides in the control of sodium appetite. Ann New York Acad Sci 897:192–197
Eger W (1954) Das Verhalten der Phosphoamidase in der Leber bei Tetrachlorkohlenstoff- und Allylalkoholvergiftung. Virchows Arch 325:648–656
Eger W (1955) Der Einfluß von Antibiotika und Sulfonamiden auf Lebernekrosen im Allylalkoholtest. Med Mschr 9:294–295
Eggstein S, Kreisel W, Gerok W, Eggstein M (1989) Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV in einem klinischen Krankengut und bei Galaktosaminhepatitis der Ratte: Aktivität und Lektinaffinitätschromatographie in Serum und Leberplasmamembran. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 27:547–554
Eglen RM, Bley K, Bonhaus DW, Clark RD, Hegde SS, Johnson LG, Leung E, Wong EHF (1993) RS 23597–190: A potent and selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 110:119–126
Eglen RM, Bonhaus DW, Johnson LG, Leung E, Clark RD (1995) Pharmacological characterization of two novel and potent 5-HT4 receptor agonists, RS 67333 and RS 67506, in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 115:1387–1392
Eglen RM, Choppin A, Watson N (2001) Therapeutic opportunities from muscarinic receptor research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22:409–414
Eglen RM, Lee CH, Smith WL, Johnson LG, Clark R, Whiting RL, Hedge SS (1995) Pharmacological characterization of RS 25259–197, a novel and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 114:860–866
Eglen RM, Peele B, Pulido-Rios MT, Leung E (1996) Functional interactions between muscarinic M2 receptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT4 receptors and β3-adrenoceptors in isolated oesophageal muscularis mucosae of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 119:595–601
Ehrlein HJ, Hiesinger E (1982) Computer analysis of mechanical activity of gastroduodenal junction in unanesthetized dogs. Quart J Exp Physiol 67:17–29
Ekman L, Hansson E, Havu N, Carlsson E, Lundberg C (1985) Toxicological studies on omeprazole. Scand J Gastroenterol 20 (Suppl 108):53–69
Ekstrom GM (1998) Oxazolone‐induced colitis in rats: Effects of butesonide, cyclosporine A, and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Scand J Gastroenterol 22:174–179
Ekström J, Asztély A, Helander AF, Tobin G (1994) Depletion of secretory granules from the feline parotid gland: action of NANC transmitters per se. Acta Physiol Scand 150:83–88
El-Fakahani EE, Ramkumar V, Lai WS (1986) Multiple binding affinities of N-methylscopolamine to brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: Differentiation from M1 and M2 receptor subtypes. J Pharm Exp Ther 238:554–563
Elbrønd H, østergaard L, Huniche B, Skovgaard Larsen L, Andersen MB (1994) Rabbit sphincter Oddi and duodenal pressure and slow-wave activity. Scand J Gastroenterol 29:537–544
Eliakim R, Karmeli F, Okon E, Rachmilewitz D (1995) Ketotifen ameliorates capsaicin‐augmented acetic acid-induced colitis. Dig Dis Sci 40:503–509
Elliott GR, Adolfs MJP (1984) Continuous monitoring of prostacyclin production by the isolated, intact, rat aorta using a bioassay technique. J Pharmacol Meth 11:253–261
Eltze M (1979) Proestrus and metestrus rat uterus, a rapid and simple method for detecting histamine H2-receptor antagonism. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 29:1107–1112
Eltze M, Gmelin G, Wess J, Strohmann C, Tacke R, Mutschler E, Lambrecht G (1988) Presynaptic muscarinic receptors mediating inhibition of neurogenic contractions in rabbit vas deferens are of the ganglionic M1-type. Eur J Pharmacol 158:233–242
Eltze M, König H, Ullrich B, Grebe T (1997) Contraction of guinea-pig gallbladder: Muscarinic M3 or M4 receptors? Eur J Pharmacol 332:77–87
Elz S, Keller A (1995) Preparation and in vitro pharmacology of 5-HT4 receptor ligands. Partial agonism and antagonism of metoclopramide analogous benzoic esters. Arch Pharm 328:585–594
Emanuelli G, Montrucchio G, Dughera A, Gaia E, Lupia E, Battaglia E, De Martino A, De Giuli P, Gubetta L, Camussi G (1994) Role of platelet activating factor in acute pancreatitis induced by lipopolysaccharides in rabbits. Eur J Pharmacol 26:265–272
Emås S (1960) Gastric secretory responses to repeated intravenous infusions of histamine and gastrin in non-anesthetized and anesthetized gastric fistula cats. Gastroenterology 39:771–782
Ensinger HA, Doods HN, Immel-Sehr AR, Kuhn FJ, Lambrecht G, Mendla KD, Müller RE, Mutschler E, Sagrada A, Walther G, Hammer R (1993) WAL 2014 – a muscarinic agonist with preferential neuron‐stimulating properties. Life Sci 52:473–480
Eriks JC, van der Goot H, Sterk GJ, Timmerman H (1992) Histamine H2-receptor agonists. Synthesis, in vitro pharmacology, and qualitative structure‐activity relationships of substituted 4- and 5-(2-aminoethyl)-thiazoles. J Med Chem 35:3239–3246
Evangelista S, Renzi D, Tramontana M, Surrenti C, Theodorsson E, Maggi CA (1992) Cysteamine induced‐duodenal ulcers are associated with a selective depletion in gastric and duodenal calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in rats. Regul Pept 39:19–28
Evans BE (1993) MK-329: A non-peptide cholecystokinin A antagonist. Drug Dev Res 29:255–261
Ezer E (1988) Novel method for producing standard subacute gastric ulcer in rats and for the quantitative evaluation of the healing process. J Pharmacol Meth 20:279–291
Fabia R, Ar'Rajab A, Willén R, Brattsand R, Erlansson M, Svensjö E (1994) Topical anticolitic efficacy and selectivity of the glucocorticoid budesonide in a new model of acetic acid-induced acute colitis in the rat. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 8:433–446
Fanger BO, Wade AC, Cashman EA, Cardin AD (1993) Identification of a 63-kDa serum protein that binds somatostatin and gastrin‐releasing peptide but not bombesin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1179:300–305
Fara JW, Erde SM (1978) Comparison of in vivo and in vitro responses to sulfated and non-sulfated ceruletide. Eur J Pharmacol 47:359–363
Fathi Z, Corjay MH, Shapira H, Wada E, Benya R, Jensen R, Viallet J, Sausville EA, Battey JF (1993) BRS-3: Novel bombesin receptor subtype selectively expressed in testis and lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 268:5979–5984
Feniuk W, Dimech J, Humphrey PPA (1993) Characterization of somatostatin receptors in guinea-pig isolated ileum, vas deferens and right atrium. Br J Pharmacol 110:1156–1164
Ferreira SH, Vane JR (1967) Prostaglandins: Their disappearance from and release into the circulation. Nature (London) 216:868–876
Ferreira SH, de Souza Costa F (1976) A laminar flow superfusion technique with much increased sensitivity for the detection of smooth muscle stimulating substances. Eur J Pharmacol 39:379–381
Fink H, Rex A, Voits M, Voigt JP (1998) Major biological actions of CCK. A critical evaluation of research findings. Exp Brain Res 123:77–83
Fink-Jensen A, Judge ME, Hansen JB, Jacobsen B, Turski L, Olney J, Honoré T (1992) Inhibition of cisplatin‐induced emesis in ferrets by non-NMDA receptor antagonists NBQX and CNQX. Neurosci Lett 137:173–177
Finkelman B (1930) On the nature of inhibition in the intestine. J Physiol 70:145–157
Finney DJ (1964) Statistical Method in Biological Assay. 2nd ed., pp 99–128, Charles Griffin, London
Fiocchi C (1990) Immune events associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol 25, Suppl 172:4–12
Fioramonti J, Buéno L (1977) Effects of loperamide hydrochloride in experimental diarrhea and gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity in calves. Am J Vet Res 48:415–419
Fioramonti J, Garcia‐Villar R, Bueno L, Ruckebusch Y (1980) Colonic myoelectrical activity and propulsion in the dog. Digest Dis Sci 25:641–646
Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Brancaleone V, Sanpaolo L, Orlandi S, Distrutt E, Acuto G, Clerici C, Baldoni M, Del Soldato P, Morelli A (2003) NCX-1000, a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid, ameliorates portal hypertension and lowers norepinephrine‐induced intrahepatic resistance in the isolated and perfused rat liver. J Hepatol 39:932–939
Fitzpatrick LR, Lambert RM, Pendley CE, Martin GE, Bostwick JS, Gessner GW, Aitey JE, Youssefyeh RD, Pendeton RG, Decktor DL (1990) RG 12915, a potent hydroxytryptamine3 antagonist that is an orally effective inhibitor of cytotoxic drug-induced emesis in the ferret and dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 254:450–455
Florczyk AP, Schurig JE, Bradner WT (1982) Cisplatin‐induced emesis in the ferret: a new animal model. Cancer Treat Rep 66:187–189
Fondacaro JD, Kolpak DC, Burnham DB, McCafferty GP (1990) Cecectomiced rat. A model of experimental secretory diarrhea in conscious animals. J Pharmacol Meth 24:59–71
Fondacaro JD, McCafferty GP, Kolpak DC, Smith PhL (1989) Antidiarrheal activity of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist SK&F 35886. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 249:221–228
Fordtran JS, Morawski SG, Richardson CT (1973) In vivo and in vitro evaluation of liquid antacids. N Engl J Med 288:923–928
Foschi D, Ferante F, Pagani F, Rovati V (1984) A new technique for preparing continent gastric fistulas in dogs. J Pharmacol Meth 12:167–170
Fossa AA, DePasquale J, Morrone J, Zorn SH, Bryce D, Lowe JA, McLean S (1997) Cardiovascular effects of cholecystokinin-4 are mediated by the cholecystokinin-B receptor subtype in the conscious guinea pig and dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281:180–187
Fournau P, Bonnet P, Bourgue MF, Paris J (1984) Prostacyclin bioassays using inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of rabbit coeliac artery. J Pharmacol Meth 11:53–60
Fox DA, Bauer R, Bass P (1985) Use of gut cyclic motor activity to evaluate a stimulant (narcotic) and inhibitor (anticholinergic) of gastrointestinal-tract activity in the unanesthetized dog. J Pharmacol Meth 13:147–155
Franzone JS, Cirillo R, Cravanzola C (1988) Cytoprotective activity of deboxamet: a possible interference with prostaglandin and prostacyclin metabolism in rat gastric mucosa. Int J Tiss Reac 10:149–158
Fretland DJ, Widomski DL, Levin S, Gaginella TS (1990) Colonic inflammation in the rabbit induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Inflammation 14:143–150
Fridhandler TM, Davison JS, Shaffer EA (1983) Defective gallbladder contractility in the ground squirrel and prairie dog during early stages of cholesterol gallstone formation. Gastroenterology 85:830–836
Fries W, Pagiaro E, Canova E, Carrato P, Gasprini G, Pomerri F, Martin A, Carlotto C, Mazzon E, Sturniolo GC, Longo G (1998) The effect of heparin on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in the rat. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12:229–236
Frizzell RA, Koch MJ, Schultz SG (1976) Ion transport by rabbit colon. I. Active and passive components. J Membr Biol 27:297–316
Fryklund J, Wallmark B (1986) Sulfide and sulfoxide derivatives of substituted benzimidazoles inhibit acid formation in isolated gastric glands by different mechanisms. J Pharm Exp Ther 236:248–253
Fujioka Y, Mizuno N, Morita E, Motozono H, Takahashi K, Yamanaka Y, Shinkuma D (1991) Effect of age on the gastrointestinal absorption of acyclovir in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 43:465–469
Fukamizu Y, Nakajima T, Kimura K, Kanda H, Fujii M, Saito T, Kasai H (1998) Biochemical and pharmacological profile of Loxiglumide, a novel cholecystokinin-A antagonist. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 48:58–64
Fukusumi S, Kitada C, Takekawa S, Kizawa H, Sakamoto J, Miyamoto M, Hinuma S, Kitano K, Fujino M (1997) Identification and characterization of o novel human corticostatin-like peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 232:157–163
Furchgott RF (1972) The classification of adrenoceptors (adrenergic receptors). An evaluation from the standpoint of receptor theory. In: Blaschko H, Muscholl E (eds) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Vol 33, pp 283–335, Springer‐Verlag Berlin
Furukuwa K, Nomoto T, Tonoue T (1980) Effects of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) on the isolated small intestine and taenia coli of the guinea pig. Eur J Pharmacol 64:2179–287
Fändriks L (1993) Measurements of duodenal wall motility, mucosal fluid transport and alkaline secretion. Description and evaluation of a methodological approach in the anesthetized cat. Acta Physiol Scand 149:59–66
Fölsch UR, Lankisch PG, Creutzfeldt W (1978) Effect of somatostatin on basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion in the rat. Digestion 17:194–203
Gaddum JH (1953) The technique of superfusion. Br J Pharmacol 8:321–326
Gademann K, Kimmerlin T, Hoyer D, Seebach D (2001) Peptide folding induces high and selective affinity of a linear and small β-peptide to the human somatostatin receptor 4. J Med Chem 44:2460–2468
Gaisano HY, Klueppelberg UG, Pinon DI, Pfenning MA, Powers StP, Miller LJ (1989) Novel tool for the study of cholecystokinin‐stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion. J Clin Invest 83:321–325
Gajtkowski GA, Norris DB, Rising TJ, Wood TP (1983) Specific binding of [3H]-tiotidine to histamine H2 receptors in guinea pig cerebral cortex. Nature 304:65–67
Galanos C, Freudenberg MA, Reutter W (1979) Galactosamine‐induced sensitization to the lethal effects of endotoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5939–5943
Gale JD, Grossman CJ, Whitehead JWF, Oxford AW, Bunce KT, Humphrey PPA (1994) GR113808: A novel, selective antagonist with high affinity at the 5-HT4 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 111:332–338
Gallo-Torres HE, Kuhn D, Witt C (1979) A method for the bio-assay of antisecretory activity in the conscious rat with acute gastric fistula: Studies with cimetidine, somatostatin, and the prostaglandin E2-analog RO 21–6937. J Pharmacol Meth 2:339–355
Gantz I, Schäfer M, DelValle J, Logsdon C, Campell V, Uhler M, Yamada T (1991) Molecular cloning of a gene encoding the histamine H2 receptor.
Gardner C, Perren M (1998) Inhibition of anaesthetic‐induced emesis by a NK1 or 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. Neuropharmacology 37:1643–1644
Gardner CJ, Twissell DJ, Dale TJ, Gale DJ, Jordan CC, Kilpatrick GJ, Bountra C, Ward P (1995) The broad-spectrum anti-emetic activity of the novel non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist GR203040. Br J Pharmacol 116:3158–3163
Garrido MM, Manzanares J, Fuentes JA (1999) Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and adrenal gland involvement in the activation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion by gastrin‐releasing peptide. Brain Res 828:20–26
Garrido MM, Martin S, Ambrosio E, Fuentes JA, Manzanares J (1998) Role of corticotropin‐releasing hormone in gastrin‐releasing peptide‐mediated regulation of corticotropin and corticosterone secretion in male rats. Neuroendocrinology 68:116–122
Garvin PJ, Niehoff M, Burton FR (1993) A laboratory model for evaluation of posttransplant pancreatic exocrine secretion. J Invest Surg 6:53–63
Gaudino G, Cirillo D, Naldini L, Rossino P, Comoglio PM (1988) Activation of the protein‐tyrosin kinase associated with the bombesin receptor complex in small cell lung carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:2166–2170
Gebhard RL, Prigge WF (1992) Thyroid hormone differentially augments biliary sterol secretion in the rat. II. The chronic bile fistula model. J Lipid Res 33:1467–1473
Gerich J, Greene K, Hara M, Rizza R, Patton G (1979) Radioimmunoassay of somatostatin and its application in the study of pancreatic somatostatin secretion in vitro. J Lab Clin Med 93:1009–1017
Ghanekar D, Hadac EM, Holicky EL, Miller LJ (1997) Differences in partial agonistic action at cholecystokinin receptors of mouse and rat are dependent on parameters extrinsic to receptor structure: Molecular cloning, expression and functional characterization of the mouse type A cholecystokinin receptor. J Pharm Exp Ther 282:1206–1212
Giachetti A, Giraldo E, Ladinski H, Montagna E (1986) Binding and functional profiles of the selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonists trihexylphenidyl and dicyclomine. Br J Pharmacol 89:83–90
Gianotti L, Tchervenkov JI (1992) Stimulatory effect of intraluminal nutriment on burned guinea pig intestinal mucosa. Rivista Italiana Nutrizione Parent Enter 10:112–118
Gilmore N, Vane JR, Wyllie JH (1968) Prostaglandins released by the spleen. Nature (London) 218:1135–1140
Gilon C, Huenges M, Matha B, Gellerman G, Hornik V, Afargan M, Amitay O, Ziv O, Feller E, Gamliel A, Shohat D, Wanger M, Arad O, Kessler H (1998) A backbone‐cyclic, receptor 5-selective somatostatin analogue: Synthesis, bioactivity, and nuclear resonance conformational analysis. J Med Chem 41:919–929
Glad H, Svendsen P, Knuhtsen S, Olsen O, Schaffalitzki de Muckadell OB (1996) Importance of gastrin‐releasing peptide on acid-induced secretin release and pancreatobiliary and duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Scand J Gastroenterol 31:993–1000
Gocer F, Yaris E, Tuncer M, Kayaalp SO (1995) Effect of vasodilators on the rhythmic contractions of guinea-pig isolated sphincter of Oddi. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 45:809–812
Goerg KJ, Wanitschke R, Diener M, Rummel W (1992) Inhibition of neuronally mediated secretion in rat colonic mucosa by prostaglandin D2. Gastroenterology 103:781–788
Goke B, Glock J, Richter G, Adler G (1989) CAMOSTAT in chronic pancreatitis: effects on oleic acid-induced pancreatic insufficiency in rats. Biomed Res 10, Suppl 1:83–86
Goldberg HI, Dodds WJ, Gee S, Montgomery C, Zboralske FF (1968) Role of acid and pepsin in acute experimental esophagitis. Gastroenterology 56:223–230
Goldenberg MM, Burns RH (1973) Effectiveness of an unique antispasmotic 3,4-dihydro-5-phenoxy‐benzol[b][1,7naphthyridin-1(2H)-one EU-1086, in vivo and in vitro. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 203:55–66
Goldhill J, Pichat P, Roome N, Angel I, Arbilla S (1998) Effect of mizolastine on visceral sensory afferent sensitivity and inflammation during experimental colitis. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 48:179–184
Goldhill J, Porquet MF, Angel I (1997) Post-synaptic 5-HT4 receptor modulation of tachykinergic excitation of rat oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae. Eur J Pharmacol 323:229–233
Goldhill JM, Sanders K, Shea-Donohue T, Sjogren R (1995) In vitro changes in neural control of muscle function in experimental ileitis. Am J Physiol 268:G823–G830
Goldhill SM, Shea-Donohue T, Ali N, Piñeiro-Carrero VM (1997) Tachykinergic neurotransmission is enhanced in small intestinal circular muscle in a rabbit model of inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282:1373–1378
Goldin E, Casadevall M, Mourelle M, Cirera I, Elizalde JI, Panes J, Casamitjana R, Guth P, Pique JM, Teres J (1996) Role of prostaglandins and nitric oxide in gastrointestinal hyperemia of diabetic rats. Am J Physiol 270 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 33):G684–G690
Goldstein JA, Kirwin JD, Seymour NE, Trachtenberg JE, Rademaker EA, Anderson DK (1989) Reversal of in vitro hepatic insulin resistance in chronic pancreatitis by pancreatic polypeptide in the rat. Surgery 106:1128–1133
Gonsalves S, Watson J, Ashton C (1996) Broad spectrum anti-emetic effects of CP-122,721, a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, in ferrets. Eur J Pharmacol 305:181–185
Gosh MN, Schild HO (1955) A method for the continuous recording of gastric secretion in the rat. J Physiol (London) 128:97–109
Gosh MN, Schild HO (1958) Continuous recording of acid gastric secretion in the rat. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 13:54–61
Goto M, Nakano I, Kimura T, Miyahara T, Kinjo M, Nawata H (1995) New chronic pancreatitis model with diabetes induced by cerulein plus stress in rats. Digest Dis Sci 40:2356–2363
Goyal RK (1989) Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications. New Engl J Med 321:1022–1029
Graham EA, Turpin MP, Stubbs CM (1993) Characterization of the tachykinin‐induced thumping response in gerbils. Neuropeptides 4:228
Gratz R, Becker S, Sokolowski N, Schumann M, Bass D, Malnick SD (2002) Murine monoclonal anti-TNF antibody administration has a beneficial effect on inflammatory bowel disease that develops in IL-10 knockout mice. Dig Dis Sci 47:1723–1727
Green GM, Nasset ES (1980) Importance of bile in regulation of intraluminal proteolytic enzyme activities in the rat. Gastroenterology 79:695–702
Greenman Y, Melmed S (1994) Expression of three somatostatin receptor subtypes in pituitary adenomas: Evidence for preferential SSTR5 expression in the mammosomatotroph lineage. J Clin Endocrin Metab 79:724–729
Greenwood B, Blank E, Dodds WJ (1992) Nicotine stimulates esophageal peristaltic contractions in cats by a central mechanism. Am J Physiol 262 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 25):G567–G571
Greger R, Schlatter E, Gögelein H (1985) Cl− channels in the apical cell membrane of the rectal gland “induced” by cAMP. Pflügers Arch 403:446–448
Gregory RA, Tracy HJ (1964) The constitution and properties of two gastrins extracted from hog antral mucosa. Gut 5:103–114
Grella G, Paglietti G, Sparatore F, Satta M, Manca P, Peana A (1992) Synthesis and choleretic activity of 3-[2-(3-R', 4-R'', 5-R'''-benzyl)-5-R-benzimidazol-1-yl]butanoic acids. Farmaco 47:21–35
Griesbacher T, Lembeck F (1992) Analysis of the antagonistic actions of HOE 140 and other novel bradykinin analogues in the guinea-pig ileum. Eur J Pharmacol 211:393–398
Griesbacher T, Lembeck F (1992) Effects of the bradykinin antagonist, HOE 140, in experimental acute pancreatitis. Br J Pharmacol 107:356–360
Griesbacher T, Tiran B, Lembeck F (1993) Pathological events in experimental acute pancreatitis prevented by the bradykinin antagonist, Hoe 140. Br J Pharmacol 108:405–411
Gu ZF, Corleto VD, Mantey SA, Coy DH, Maton PN, Jensen RT (1995) Somatostatin receptor subtype 3 mediates the inhibitory action of somatostatin on gastric smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 268:G739–G748
Guan D, Maouyo D, Sarfati P, Morisset J (1990) Effects of SMS 201–995 on basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion in rats. Endocrinology 127:298–304
Guiliani S, Maggi CA, Regoli D, Drapeau G, Rovero P, Meli A (1988) NK-1 receptors mediate the tachykinin stimulation of salivary secretion: selective agonists provide further evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 150:377–379
Gullikson GW, Löffler RF, Virña MA (1991) Relationship of serotonin-3 receptor antagonist activity on gastric emptying and motor-stimulating actions of prokinetic drugs in dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 258:103–110
Gullikson GW, Virña MA, Löffler RF, Yang DC, Goldstin B, Wang SX, Moummi C, Flynn DL, Zabrowski DL (1993) SC-49518 enhances gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals and stimulates gastric motility in dogs by a 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264:240–248
Gully D, Fréhel D, Marcy C, Spinazzé A, Lespy L, Neliat G, Maffrand JP, LeFur G (1993) Peripheral biological activity of SR 27897: a new potent non-peptide antagonist of CCKA receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 232:13–19
Gupta YK, Sharma SS (1996) Antiemetic activity of antioxidants against cisplatin‐induced emesis in dogs. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1:179–184
Gylys JA, Doran KM, Buyinski JP (1979) Antagonism of cisplatin‐induced emesis in the dog. Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 23:61–68
Gylys JA, Wright RN, Nicolosi WD, Buyniski JP, Crenshaw RR (1988) BMY 25801, an anti-emetic agent free of D2 dopamine antagonist properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244:830–837
Göthert M, Hamon M, Barann M, Bönisch H, Gozlan H, Laguzzi R, Metzenauer P, Nickel B, Szelenyi I (1995) 5-HT3 receptor antagonism by anpirtoline, a mixed 5-HT1 receptor agonist/5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 114:269–274
Ha S-S, Satake K, Hiura A (1996) Role of endogenous and exogenous cholecystokinin in experimental acute pancreatitis induced in rats by the closed duodenal loop technique. J Gastroenterol 31:404–413
Ha S-S, Satake K, Hiura A, Sowa M, Nishiwaki H (1994) Effect of a new cholecystokinin receptor antagonist (KSG 504) on the early stage of the healing process in acute pancreatitis induced by the closed duodenal loop technique. Pancreas 9:501–507
Haaksma EEJ, Leurs R, Timmerman H (1990) Histamine receptors: subclasses and specific ligands. Pharmac Ther 47:73–104
Haffar BM, Hocart SJ, Coy DH, Mantey S, Chiang HCV, Jensen RT (1991) Reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues of secretin. A new class of secretin receptor antagonists. J Biol Chem 266:316–322
Haga K, Asano K, Inaba K, Morimoto Y, Setoguchi M (1994) Effect of Y-25130, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist, on gastric emptying in mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 328:344–355
Halmos G, Schally AV (1997) Reduction in receptors for bombesin and epidermal growth factor in xenografts of human small-cell lung cancer after treatment with bombesin antagonist RC-3095. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:956–960
Halmos G, Wittliff JL, Schally AV (1995) Characterization of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide receptors in human breast cancer and their relationship to steroid receptor expression. Cancer Res 55:280–287
Halmos Pinski J, Szoke B, Schally AV (1994) Characterization of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide receptors in membranes of MKN45 human gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 85:111–118
Hammer RA, Ochoa A, Fernandez C, Ertan A, Arimura A (1992) Somatostatin as a mediator of the effect of neurotensin on pentagastrin‐stimulated acid secretion in rats. Peptides 13:1175–1179
Hanauske-Abel HM, Günzler V (1982) A stereochemical concept for the catalytic mechanism of prolylhydroxylase. Applicability to classification and design of inhibitors. J Theor Biol 94:421–455
Hanyu N, Dodds WJ, Layman RD, Hogan WJ (1990) Cholecystokinin‐induced contraction of opossum sphincter of Oddi. Mechanism of action. Dig Dis Sci 35:567–576
Hanzlik JP (1929) New method of estimating the potency of digitalis in pigeons: Pigeon emesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 35:363–391
Harnett KM, Walsh CT, Zhang L (1989) Effects of Bay o 2752, a hypocholesterolemic agent, on intestinal taurocholate absorption and cholesterol esterification. J Pharm Exp Ther 251:502–509
Harper EA, Griffin EP, Shankley NP, Black JW (1999) Analysis of the behavior of selected CCKB/gastrin receptor antagonists in radioligand binding assays in rat and mouse cerebral cortex. Br J Pharmacol 126:1496–1503
Harringtom K, Bomzon A, Sharkey KA, Davison JS, Shaffer EA (1992) Differential sensitivities of the sphincter Oddi and gallbladder to cholecystokinin in the guinea pig: Their role in transsphincteric bile flow. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 70:1336–1341
Harrington SS, Dodds WJ, Mittal RK (1991) Identification of longitudinal muscle activity in opossum lower esophageal sphincter. Am J Physiol 261 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 24):G974–G980
Harvey RF (1979) Cholecystokinin – Pancreozymin. In: Jaffe BM, Behrman HR (eds) Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay. Academic Press, New York, pp 495–526
Hassan M, Kashimura H, Matsumaru K, Nakahara A, Fukutomi H, Muto H, Goto K, Tanak M (1997) Phosphoramidon, an endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor, attenuates local gastric ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 61:141–147
Hattori YS, Nakaya H, Endou M, Kanno M (1990) Inotropic, electrophysiological and biochemical responses to histamine in rabbit papillary muscles: evidence for coexistence of H1- and H2-receptors. J Pharm Exp Ther 253:250–256
Hawkins JV, Emmel EL, Feuer JJ, Nedelman MA, Harvey CJ, Klein HJ, Rozmiarek H, Kennedy AR, Lichtenstein GR, Billings PC (1997) Protease activity in a hapten‐induced model of ulcerative colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 42:1969–1980
Hawkins RL, Mori M, Inoue M, Torii K (1995) Proline, ascorbic acid, or thioredoxin affect jaundice and mortality in Long Evans Cinnamon rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:509–515
Hayakawa T, Kondo T, Shibata T, Kitagawa M, Sobajima H, Sakai Y, Ishiguro H, Nakae Y, Tanikawa M, Naruse S (1993) Longitudinal changes of plasma pancreatic enzymes and hormones in experimental pancreatolithiasis in dogs. Digest Dis Sci 38:2098–2103
Heaslip RJ, Evans DY (1995) Emetic, central nervous system, and pulmonary activities of rolipram in the dog. Eur J Pharmacol 286:281–290
Hegde SS, Bonhaus DW, Johnson LG, Leung E, Clark RD, Eglen RM (1995) RS 39604, a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 115:1087–1095
Hegde SS, Wong AG, Perry MR, Ku P, Moy TM, Loeb M, Eglen RM (1995) 5-HT4 receptor mediated stimulation of gastric emptying in rats. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 351:589–595
Hegstrand LR, Kanof PhD, Greengard P (1976) Histamine‐sensitive adenylate cyclase in mammalian brain. Nature 260:163–165
Heidenhain R (1878) Ueber die Pepsinbildung in den Pylorusdrüsen. Pflüger's Arch Ges Physiol 18:169–171
Heimbrook DC, Saari WS, Balishin NL, Fisher TW, Friedman A, Kiefer DM, Rotberg S, Wallen JW, Oliff A (1991) Gastrin releasing peptide antagonists with improved potency and stability. J Med Chem 34:2102–2107
Heinemann A, Sattler V, Jocic M, Wienen W, Holzer P (1999) Effect of angiotensin II and telmisartan, an angiotensin-1 receptor antagonist, on rat gastric mucosa blood flow. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13:347–355
Henke BR, Aquino CJ, Birkemo LS, Croom DK, Dougherty RW Jr, Ervin GN, Grizzle MK, Hirst GC, James MK, Johnson MF, Queen KL, Sherill RG, Sugg EE, Suh EM, Szewczyk JW, Unwalla RJ, Yingling J, Wilson TM (1997) Optimization of 3-(1H-indazol-3-ylmethyl)-1,5-benzodiazepines as potent, orally active CCK-A agonists. J Med Chem 40:2706–2725
Henman MC, Naylor IL, Leach GHD (1978) A critical evaluation of the use of a cascade superfusion technique for the detection and estimation of biological activity. J Pharmacol Meth 1:13–26
Henman MC, Naylor IL, Leach GHD (1983) Comparison of bioassay methods for the estimation of wound-released prostaglandin-like activity. J Pharmacol Meth 9:77–82
Herling AW (2006) Metabolism pharmacology. In: Vogel HG, Hock FJ, Maas J, Mayer D (eds) Drug Discovery and Evaluation Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays, Chap. I.M. Springer‐Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 255–318
Herling AW, Becht M, Kelker W, Ljungström M, Bickel M (1987) Inhibition of 14C-aminopyrine accumulation in isolated rabbit gastric glands by the H2-receptor antagonist Hoe 760 (TZU-0460). Agents Actions 20:35–39
Herling AW, Becht M, Lang HJ, Scheunemann KH, Weidmann K, Scholl Th, Rippel R (1990) The inhibitory effect of Hoe 731 in isolated rabbit gastric glands. Biochem Pharmacol 40:1809–1814
Herling AW, Bickel M (1986) The stimulatory effect of forskolin on gastric acid secretion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 125:233–239
Herling AW, Bickel M, Lang HJ, Weidmann K, Rösner M, Metzger H, Rippel R, Nimmesgern H, Scheunemann KH (1988) A substituted thienol[3.4-d]imidazole versus substituted benzimidazoles as H+,K+-ATPase inhibitors. Pharmacology 36:289–297
Herling AW, Weidmann K (1994) Gastric K+/H+-ATPase inhibitors. In: Ellis GP, Luscombe DK (eds) Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol 31, Elsevier Science BV, pp 233–264
Herman L, Fitzgerald PJ (1962) Restitution of pancreatic acinar cells following ethionine. J Cell Biol 12:279–312
Hermiston ML, Gordon JI (1995) Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin. Science 270:1203–1207
Herranz R (2003) Cholecystokinin antagonists: pharmacological and therapeutic potential. Med Res Rev 23:559–605
Herrera F, Kemp DR, Tsukamoto M, Woodward ER, Dragstedt LR (1968) A new cannula for the study of pancreatic function. J Appl Physiol 25:207–209
Herrmann BW, Cullen JJ, Ledlow A, Murray JA, Conklin JL (1999) The effect of peroxynitrite on sphincter of Oddi. J Surg Res 81:55–58
Hesterberg PE, Wisnor-Hines D, Briskin MJ, Soler-Feran D, Merrill C, Mackay CR, Newman W (1996) Rapid solution of chronic colitis in the cotton-top tamarin with an antibody to a gut-homing integrin α4β7. Gastroenterol 111:1373–1380
Hew RW, et al (1990) Characterization of histamine H3-receptor in guinea pig ileum with H3-selective ligands. Br J Pharmacol 101:621–624
Hietaranta AJ, Peurovuori HJ, Nevalainen TJ (1995) Phospholipase A2 in sodium taurocholate‐induced experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the rat. J Surg Res 59:271–278
Higa A, Eto T, Nawa Y (1997) Evaluation of the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. Scand J Gastroenterol 32:564–568
Hill DR, Woodruff GN (1990) Differentiation of central cholecystokinin receptor binding sites using the non-peptide antagonists MK-329 and L-365,260. Brain Res 526:276–283
Hill SJ (1990) Distribution, properties and functional characteristics of three classes of histamine receptor. Pharmacol Rev 42:45–83
Hill SJ, Ganellin CR, Timmerman H, Schwartz JC, Shankley NP, Young JM, Schunack W, Levi R, Haas HL (1997) International Union of Pharmacology. XIII. Classification of histamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 49:253–278
Hillemeier C, Bitar KN, Sohn U, Biancani P (1996) Protein kinase C mediates spontaneous sphincter tone in the cat lower esophageal sphincter. J Pharm Exp Ther 277:144–149
Hirano T (1997) Somatostatin analogue improves survival rate in mice with CDF-diet-induced acute pancreatitis. Med Sci Res 25:279–281
Hirayama C, Morotomi I, Hiroshige K (1979) Quantitative and metabolic changes of hepatic collagens in rats after tetrachloride poisoning. Biochem J 118:229–232
Hirisawa H, Chaudry IH, Baue AE (1978) Improved hepatic function and survival with adenosine triphosphate magnesium chloride after hepatic ischemia. Surgery 83:655–662
Hirose H, Takeuchi K, Okabe S (1991) Effect of indomethacin on gastric mucosal blood flow around acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Gastroenterology 100:1259–1265
Hirschfeld J, Buschauer A, Elz S, Schunack W, Ruat M, Traiffort E, Schwartz J-Ch (1992) Iodoaminopotentidine and related compounds: A new class of ligands with high affinity and selectivity for the histamine H2 receptor. J Med Chem 35:2231–2238
Hisanaga Y, Goto H, Tachi K, Hayakawa T, Sugiyama A (1996) Implication of nitric oxide synthase activity in the genesis of water immersion stress‐induced gastric lesions in rats: The protective effect of FK506. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 10:933–940
Hocart SJ, Jain R, Murphy WA, Taylor JE, Coy DH (1999) Highly potent cyclic disulfide antagonists of somatostatin. J Med Chem 42:1863–1871
Hoffmann TF, Uhl E, Messmer K (1996) Protective effect of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in ischemia/reperfusion induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 12:286–293
Hofland LJ, van Koetsfeld PM, Waaijers M, Zuyderwijk J, Lamberts SWJ (1994) Relative potencies of the somatostatin analogs octreotide, BIM-23014, and RC-160 on the inhibition of growth hormone release by cultured human endocrine tumor cells and normal rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology 134:301–306
Hogaboam CM, Muller MJ, Collins SM, Hunt RH (1996) An orally active non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, markedly reduces injury in a rat model of colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 309:261–269
Hollander D, Tarnawski A, Gergely H (1986) Protection against alcohol‐induced gastric mucosal injury by aluminium‐containing compounds – Sucralfate, antacids and aluminium sulfate. Scand J Gastroenterol 21 (Suppl 125):151–153
Hollander D, Tarnawski A, Krause WJ, Gergely H (1985) Protective effect of sucralfate against alcohol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat. Gastroenterol 88:366–374
Holzbach RT (1984) Animal models of cholesterol gallstone disease. Hepatology 4 [Suppl 5]:191S–198S
Holzer P (1992) Reflex gastric motor inhibition caused by intraperitoneal bradykinin: Antagonism by Hoe 140, a bradykinin antagonist. Peptides 13:1073–1077
Holzer P, Guth PH (1991) Neuropeptide control of rats gastric mucosal blood flow. Increase by calcitonin gene-related peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, but not substance P and neurokinin A. Circ Res 68:100–105
Hong E (1974) Differential pattern of activity of some prostaglandins in diverse superfused tissues. Prostaglandins 8:213–220
Horstmann O, Nustede R, Schmidt W, Becker F, Stockmann H (1999) On the role of gastrin‐releasing peptide in meal-stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion. Pancreas 19:126–132
Hosotani R, Chowdhury P, Rayford PhL (1989) L-364,718, a new CCK antagonist, inhibits postprandial pancreatic secretion and PP release in dogs. Dig Dis Sci 34:462–467
Hoyer D (1998) Distribution and localization of somatostatin (SRIF) receptor transcripts and proteins. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 358, Suppl 2:R381
Hoyer D, Bell GI, Berelowitz M, Epelbaum J, Feniuk W, Humphrey PPA, O'Carroll AM, Patel YC, Schonbrunn A, Taylor JE, Reisine T (1995) Classification and nomenclature of somatostatin receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 16:86–88
Hoyer D, Nunn C, Hannon J, Schoeffter P, Feuerbach D, Schuepbach E, Langeneeger D, Bouhelal R, Hurth K, Neumann P, Troxler T, Pfaeffli P (2004) SRA880, in vitro characterization of the first non-peptide somatostatin sst1 receptor antagonist. Neurosci Lett 361:132–135
Huang J, Padbury RTA, Schloithe AC, Cox MR, Simula ME, Harvey JR, Baker RA, Toouli J, Saccone GTP (1998) Somatostatin stimulates the brush-tailed possum sphincter of Oddi in vitro and in vivo. Gastroenterology 115:672–679
Huch K, Schmidt J, Schratt W, Sinn HP, Buhr H, Herfarth C, Klar E (1995) Hyperoncotic dextran and systemic aprotinin in necrotizing rodent pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 30:812–816
Hudzik TJ (1991) Sigma ligand‐induced emesis in the pigeon. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 41:215–217
Hudzik TJ, De Costa BR, McMillan DA (1993) Sigma receptor‐mediated emetic response in pigeons. Agonists, antagonists, and modifiers. Eur J Pharmacol 236:279–287
Hulme EC, Birdsall NJM, Buckley NJ (1990) Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 30:633–673
Humphrey PPA (1998) The pharmacology of somatostatin receptors. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 358, Suppl 2:R381
Humphrey PPA, Epelbaum J, Feniuk W, Hoyer D, Taylor JE, Reisine TR (1998) Somatostatin receptors. In: Girdlestone D (ed) The IUPHAR Compendium of Receptor Characterization and Classification, IUPHAR Media, London, pp 246–255
Höcker M, Schmidt WE, Wilms HM, Lehnhoff F, Nustede R, Schafmayer A, Fölsch UR (1990) Measurement of tissue cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations by bioassay and specific radioimmunoassay. Characterization of the bioactivity of CCK-58 before and after tryptic cleavage. Eur J Clin Invest 20 (Suppl 1):S45–S50
Ikeda K, MiYata K, Orita A, Kubota H, Yamata T, Tomioka K (1995) RP67580, a neurokinin1 receptor antagonist, decreased restraint stress‐induced defecation in rats. Neurosci Lett 198:103–106
Innis RB, Snyder SH (1980) Distinct cholecystokinin receptors in brain and pancreas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:6917–6921
Iseki K, Kobayashi M, Ohba A, Miyazaki K, Li Y, Togashi Y, Takeichi N (1992) Comparison of disposition behavior and decoppering effect of triethylenetramine in animal model of Wilson's disease (Long-Evans Cinnamon rat) with normal Wistar rat. Biopharm Drug Dispos 13:273–283
Ishihara T, Nakamura AS, Kaziro Y, Takahashi T, Takahashi K, Nagata S (1991) Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the secretin receptor. EMBO J 10:1635–1641
Ito H, Sogabe H, Kuno M, Satoh Y, Ogawa T, Konishi K, Yoshida K (1998) Effect of FK480, a CCK-A receptor antagonist, on spontaneously developed chronic pancreatitis in WBN/Kob rats. Pancreas 17:295–300
Ito H, Sogabe H, Nakari T, Sato Y, Tomoi M, Kadowaki M, Matsuo M, Tokoro K, Yoshida K (1994) Pharmacological profile of FK480, a novel cholecystokinin type-A receptor antagonist: comparison with loxiglumide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 268:571–575
Ito T, Kimura T, Furukawa M, Yamaguchi H, Goto M, Nakano I, Nawata H (1994) Protective effects of gabexate mesilate on acute pancreatitis induced by tacrolimus (FK-506) in rats in which the pancreas was stimulated by caerulein. J Gastroenterol 29:305–313
Ito T, Kimura T, Furukawa M, Yamaguchi H, Nakano I, Nawata H (1991) Effects of cyclosporin A on caerulein‐induced pancreatitis in rats. Med Sci Res 19:585–586
Ito T, Ogoshi K, Nakano I, Ueda F, Sakai H, Kinjo M, Nawata H (1997) Effect of irsogladine on gap junctions in cerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 15:297–303
Itoh Z, Honda R, Takeuchi S, Aizawa I, Takayanagi R (1977) An extraluminal force transducer for recording contractile motility of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle in conscious dogs: Its construction and implantation. Gastroenterol Jpn 12:275–283
Ivy AC, Janecek HM (1959) Assay of Jorpes-Mutt secretin and cholecystokinin. Acta Physiol Scand 45:220–230
Iwabuchi Y, Katagiri M, Masuhara T (1994) Salivary secretion and histopathological effects after single administration of the muscarinic agonist SNI-2011 in MRL/lpr mice. Arch Inter Pharmacodyn Ther 328:315–325
Iwao I, Terada Y (1962) On the mechanism of diarrhea due to castor oil. Jpn J Pharmacol 12:137–145
Izumi H, Karita K (1994) Parasympathetic‐mediated reflex salivation and vasodilatation in the cat submandibular gland. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 267:R747–R753
Izumi H, Karita K (1995a) Salivary secretion in cat submandibular gland mediated by chorda tympani afferents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 268:R438–R444
Izumi H, Karita K (1995b) Low-frequency subthreshold sympathetic stimulation augments maximal reflex parasympathetic salivary secretion in cats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 268:R1188–R1195
Izzo AA, Mascolo N, Capasso F (1998) Nitric oxide as a modulator of intestinal water and electrolyte transport. Dig Dis Sci 43:1605–1620
Izzo RS, Chen AI, Pellecchia C, Praisman M (1989) Secretin internalization and adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate levels in pancreatic acinar cells. Endocrinology 124:2252–2260
Jacobson ED, Linford RH, Grossman MI (1966) Gastric secretion in relation to mucosal blood flow studied by a clearance technique. J Clin Invest 45:1–13
Jacobson ED, Swan KG, Grossman MI (1967) Blood flow and secretion in the stomach. Gastroenterology 52:414–422
Jaffe BM, Walsh JH (1979) Gastrin and related peptides. In: Jaffe BM, Behrman HR (eds) Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay. Academic Press, New York, pp 455–477
Jeandel L, Okuno A, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Tostivint H, Lihrmann I, Chartrel N, Conlon JM, Fournier A, Tonon MC, Vaudry H (1998) Effects of the two somatostatin variants somatostatin-14 and Pro2,Met13somatostatin-14 on receptor binding, adenyl cyclase activity and growth hormone release from the frog pituitary. J Neuroendocrinol 10:187–192
Jensen BH, Andersen JO, Poulsen SS, Olsen PS, Rasmussen SN (1984) The prophylactic effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid and salazosulphapyridine on degraded‐carrageenan‐induced colitis in guinea pigs. Scand J Gastroenterol 19:299–303
Jensen RT, Charlton CG, Adachi H, Jones SW, O'Donohue TL, Gardner JD (1983) Use of 125I-secretin to identify and characterize high-affinity secretin receptors on pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol 245:G186–G195
Jensen RT, Lemp GF, Gardner JD (1982) Interactions of COOH-terminal fragments of cholecystokinin with receptors on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J Biol Chem 257:5554–5559
Jia L, Stamler JS (1999) Dual actions of S-nitrosylated derivative of vasoactive intestinal peptide as a vasoactive intestinal peptide-like mediator and a nitric oxide carrier. Eur J Pharmacol 366:79–86
Jian X, Sainz E, Clark WA, Jensen RT, Battey JF, Northup K (1999) The bombesin receptor subtypes have distinct G protein specificities. J Biol Chem 274:11573–11581
Jijon HB, Churchill T, Malfair D, Wessler A, Jewell LD, Parsons HG, Madsen KL (2000) Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase attenuates inflammation in a model of chronic colitis. Am J Physiol 279:G641–G651
Jimenez M, Martinez V, Rodriguez‐Membrilla A, Rodriguez‐Sinovas A, Gonalons E, Vergara P (1994) Rhythmic oscillating complex: Characterization, induction, and relationship to MMC in chickens. AM J Physiol 266 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 29):G585–G595
Johansson I, Linder J, Bratt P (1989) Comparison of saliva secretion rate and composition in the rat using a pentobarbital or a neuroleptanalgesic type of anesthesia. Caries Res 23:75–77
Johnson DH, Kimura RE, Galinsky RE (1990) New chronic gastric cannula for feeding ethanol liquid diet to young and old rats. J Pharmacol Meth 24:37–42
Jones SVP, Levey AI, Weiner DM, Ellis J, Novotny E, Yu SH, Dorje F, Wess J, Brann MR (1992) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In: Brann MR (ed) Molecular Biology of G-Protein‐Coupled Receptors. Applications of Molecular Genetics to Pharmacology, Vol I, pp 170–197. Birkhäuser, Boston
Jonker AM, Dijkhuis FWJ, Hardonk MJ, Moerkerk P, Kate JT, Grond J (1994) Immunohistochemical study of hepatic fibrosis induced in rats by multiple galactosamine injections. Hepatology 19:775–781
Jungwirth A, Schally AV, Halmos G, Groot K, Szepeshazi K, Pinski J, Armatis P (1998) Inhibition of the growth of Caki-I human renal adenocarcinoma in vivo by luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix, somatostatin analog RC-160, and bombesin antagonist RC-3940-II. Cancer 82:909–917
Juva K, Prockop DJ (1966) Modified procedure for the assay of H3- or C14-labeled hydroxyproline. Anal Biochem 15:77–83
Kachur JF et al (1987) Bradykinin receptors: functional similarities in guinea pig muscle and mucosa. Regul Pept 17:63–70
Kachur JF, Wang SX, Gullikson GW, Gaginella TS (1991) Cholecystokinin‐mediated ileal electrolyte transport in the guinea pig. Gastroenterology 101:1428–1431
Kahan Z, Sun B, Schally AV, Arencibia JM, Cai C-R, Groot K, Halmos G (2000) Inhibition of growth of MDA-MB-468 estrogen‐independent human breast cancer carcinoma by bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonists RC-3095 and RC3940-II. Cancer 88:1384–1392
Kajimura M, Reuben MA, Sachs G (1992) The muscarinic receptor gene expressed in rabbit parietal cells is the M3 subtype. Gastroenterology 103:870–875
Kakugawa Y, Paraskevas S, Metrakos P, Giaid A, Qi SJ, Duguid WP, Rosenberg L (1996) Alterations in pancreatic microcirculation and expression of endeothelin-1 in a model of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 13:89–95
Kam DM, Webb PA, Sandman G, Chugh A, Vertz Ma, Scheeres DE (1996) A novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor prevents gallstone formation in a lithogenic prairie dog model. Am Surg 62:551–556
Kanauchi O, Nakamura T, Agata K, Mitsuyama K, Iwanaga T (1998) Effects of germinated barley foodstuff on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in rats. J Gastroenterol 801:179–188
Kanno T (1972) Calcium‐dependent amylase release and electrophysiological measurements in cells of the pancreas. J Physiol (London) 226:353–371
Kanno T, Saito A (1976) The potentiating influences of insulin on pancreozymin‐induced hyperpolarization and amylase release in the pancreatic acinar cell. J Physiol 261:505–521
Kanno T, Suga T, Yamamoto M (1976) Effects of oxygen supply on electrical and secretory responses of humorally stimulated acinar cells in isolated rat pancreas. Jap J Physiol 26:101–115
Karlin A, McNamee MG, Weill CL (1976) Methods of isolation and characterization of the acetylcholine receptor. In: Blecher M (ed) Methods in Receptor Research, Part I, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, pp 1–35
Karmeli F, Okon E, Rachmilewitz D (1996) Sulfhydryl blocker induced gastric damage is ameliorated by scavenging of free radicals. Gut 38:826–831
Kashihara K, Varga EV, Waite SL, Roeske WR, Yamamura HI (1992) Cloning of the rat M3, M4 and M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the pharmacological characterization of the expressed genes. Life Sci 51:955–971
Kataoka H, Isoi T, Kiso T, Tanaka C, Shinkawa R, Kakita T, Shogaki T, Furukawa M, Ohtsubo Y (1997) Pharmacological profiles of a new antiulcer agent, SWR-215. Biol Pharm Bull 20:28–35
Kataoka K, Sasaki T, Yorizumi H, Sakagami J, Kashima K (1998) Pathophysiologic studies of experimental chronic pancreatitis in rats induced by injection of zein – oleic acid – linoleic acid into the pancreatic duct. Pancreas 16:289–299
Katsuno T, Pradhan TK, Ryan RR, Mantey SA, Hou W, Donohue PJ, Akeson MA, Spindel ER, Battey JF, Coy DH, Jensen RT (1999) Pharmacology and cell biology of the bombesin receptor subtype 4 (BB-4-R). Biochemistry 38:7307–7320
Katz LB, Schoof RA, Shriver DA (1987) Use of a five-day test to predict the long-term effects of gastric antisecretory agents on serum gastrin in rats. J Pharmacol Meth 18:275–282
Kauffman Jr GL, Reeve JJ, Grossman MI (1980) Gastric bicarbonate secretion: Effect of topical and intravenous 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. Am J Physiol 239:G44–G48
Kaufman HS, Ahrendt SA, Pitt HA, Lillemoe KD (1993) The effect of erythromycin on motility of the duodenum, sphincter of Oddi, and gallbladder in the prairie dog. Surgery 114:543–548
Kaufmann R, Lindschau C, Henklein P, Boomgaarden M, Haller H, Schöneberg T, Arnswald A, Kölske C, Ott T (1993) Studies with succinylated CCK-4 derivatives: characterization of CCKB receptor binding and measurement of [Ca2+]i mobilization. Mol Neuropharmacol 3:147–151
Kaufmann R, Schöneberg T, Henklein P, Meyer R, Martin H, Ott T (1995) Effects of guanyl nucleotides on CCKB receptor binding in brain tissue and continous cell lines: a comparative study. Neuropeptides 29:63–68
Kawaguchi A, Ohmori M, Fujimura A (2004) Partial protective effect of Y-27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor, against hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 493:167–171
Kawahara H, Blackshaw LA, Nisyrios V, Dent J (1994) Transmitter mechanisms in vagal afferent‐induced reduction of lower esophageal sphincter pressure in the rat. J Auton Nerv Syst 49:69–80
Kawanishi Y, Ishihara S, Kiyama R, Hagishita S, Tsushima T, Ishikawa M, Ishihara Y (1997) Synthesis and structure‐activity relationships of dual histamine H2 and gastrin receptor antagonists with noncyclic gastrin receptor antagonistic moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 5:1425–1431
Kawaura Y, Dohden K, Ogawa S, Koichi K (1993) A new surgical procedure consisting of ligation of common hepatic artery and auto-transplantation of hepatocytes into the spleen for end stage liver cirrhosis accompanied by ascites. Gastroenterol Jpn 28:259–267
Kebabian JW, Neumeyer JL (eds) (1994) The RBI Handbook of Receptor Classification. Research Biochemicals International, Natick, MA, pp 44–45
Keller PJ, Cohen E, Neurath H (1958) The proteins of bovine pancreatic juice. J Biol Chem 233:344–349
Kelly J, Houston G (1996) β3-adrenoceptors mediating relaxation of the oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae and distal colon of the rat: Comparative pharmacology and their desensitization by BRL 37344. J Auton Pharmacol 16:205–211
Keppler D, Lesch R, Reutter W, Decker K (1968) Experimental hepatitis induced by D-galactosamine. Exp Mol Pathol 9:279–290
Kervar SS, Felix AM (1976) Effect of L-3,4-dehydroproline on collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity in mammalian cell cultures. J Biol Chem 251:503–509
Kervar SS, Oronsky AL, Choe D, Alvarez B (1976) Studies on the effect of 3,4-dehydroproline on collagen metabolism in carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatic fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 182:118–123
Khairallah PA, Page LH (1961) Mechanism of action of angiotensin and bradykinin on smooth muscle in situ. Am J Physiol 200:51–54
Kiaris H, Schally AV, Nagy A, Sun B, Armatis P, Szepeshazi K (1999a) Targeted cytotoxic analog of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide inhibits the growth of H-69 human small-cell lung carcinoma in nude mice. Br J Cancer 81:966–971
Kiaris H, Schally AV, Sun B, Armatis P, Groot K (1999b) Inhibition of growth of human malignant glioblastoma in nude mice by antagonists of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide. Oncogene 18:7168–7173
Kilbinger H, Gebauer A, Hass J, Ladinsky H, Rizzi CA (1995) Benzimidazoles and renzapride facilitate acetylcholine release from guinea pig myenteric plexus via 5-HT4 receptors. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 351:229–236
Kim CD, Li P, Lee KY, Coy DH, Chey WY (1993) Effect of [(CH2NH)4,5]secretin on pancreatic exocrine secretion in guinea pigs and rats. Am J Physiol, Gastrointest Liver Physiol 265:G805–G810
Kim HS, Berstadt A (1992) Experimental colitis in animal models. Scand J Gastroenterol 27:529–537
Kimura K, Tominaga K, Fujii M, Saito T, Kasai H (1998) Effects of loxiglumide on experimental acute pancreatitis in comparison with gabexate mesilate. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 48:65–69
Kimura W, Okubo K, Han I, Kanai S, Matsushita A, Muto T, Miyasaka K (1996) Effects of pancreatic duct ligation and aging on acute taurocholate‐induced pancreatitis: Experiments in the perfused pancreas in rats. Int J Pancreatol 19:117–127
Kirkham TC, Walsh CA, Gibbs J, Smith GP, Leban J, McDermed J (1994) A novel bombesin receptor antagonist selectively blocks the satiety action of peripherally administered bombesin. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 48:808–811
Kirsner JB, Elchlepp JG, Goldgraber ME, Ablaza J, Ford H (1959) Production of an experimental ‘colitis’ in rabbits. Arch Pathol 68:392–408
Kishibayashi N, Ichikawa S, Yokoyama T, Ishii A, Karasawa A (1993) Pharmacological properties of KF18259, a novel 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, in rats: inhibition of the distal colonic function. Japan J Pharmacol 63:495–502
Kishibayashi N, Karasawa A (1998) Effects of KW-5092, on antroduodenal coordination and gastric emptying in guinea-pigs. J Pharm Pharmacol 50:1045–1050
Kitagawa S, Sato K, Sasaki M (1996)Absorption of methochlorpromazine in rat small intestinal everted sac. Biol Pharm Bull 19:998–1000
Kitajima T, Tani K, Yamaguchi T, Kubota Y, Okuhira M, Mizuno T, Inoue K (1995) Digestion 56:111–116
Kitajima T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Kubota Y, Okuhira M, Inoue K, Yamada H (1993) Digestion 54:156–159
Kitajima T, Yamaguchi T, Tani K, Kubota Y, Okuhira M, Inoue K, Yamda H (1993) Role of endothelin and platelet‐activating factor in indomethacin‐induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Digestion 54:156–159
Kitano A, Matsumoto T, Tabata A, Obayashi M, Nakagawa M, Yasuda K, Watanabe Y, Okabe H, Kashima K, Fukushima R, Nakamura S, Oshitani N, Obata A, Okawa K, Kobayashi K (1994) Anti-inflammatory effect of bucillamine on carrageenan‐induced colitis in the rabbit. Int J Immunotherap 10:135–143
Kitano A, Oshitani N, Okabe H, Hara J, Suzuki N, Aoki T, Adachi K, Watanabe Y, Yasuda K, Tabata A, Obayashi M, Nakamura S, Obata A, Matsumoto T, Okawa K, Kobayashi K (1996) Effect of bucillamine in the rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced model of colitis. Inflamm Res 45:491–493
Kivirikko KI, Myllylä R (1982) The hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues. In: Freedman RB, Hawkins HC (eds) The enzymology of post-translational modification of proteins. Academic Press, London, pp 53–104
Knapp RJ, Vaughn LK, Fang S-N, Bogert CL, Yamamura MS, Hruby VJ, Yamamura HI (1990) A new, highly selective CCK-B receptor radioligand ([3H][N-methyl-Nle28,31] CCK26–33): evidence for CCK-B receptor heterogeneity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 255:1278–1286
Knudsen MA, Frøbert O, Tøttrup A (1994) The role of the L-arginine‐nitric oxide pathway for peristalsis in the opossum oesophageal body. Scand J Gastroenterol 29:1083–1087
Kobayashi T, Hosoba T, Mori M, Mimura H, Miyake J, Hamazaki K, Tsuge H, Orita K, Yamasato T, Neya T, Mizutani M, Nakayama S (1994) Effects of gastrectomy on motility, perfusion pressure, and caerulein‐induced relaxation of sphincter of Oddi in dogs. Jpn J Smooth Muscle Res 30:85–96
Koefoed‐Johnsen V, Ussing HH (1958) The nature of the frog skin potential. Acta Physiol Scand 42 298–308
Koelle GB, Koelle ES, Friedenwald JD (1950) The effect of inhibition of specific and non-specific cholinesterase on the motility of the isolated ileum. J Pharm Exp Ther 100:180–191
Kohjitani A, Shirakawa J, Obara H (1993) The effect of intravenous anesthetics on acetylcholine induced contraction of rabbit lower esophagus. J Jpn Dent Soc Anesthesiol 21:81–84
Kohjitani A, Shirakawa J, Okada S, Obara H (1996) Effects of various peptides on isolated rabbit lower esophageal sphincter. Peptides 17:927–931
Kohn WG, Grossman E, Fox PC, Armando I, Goldstein DS, Baum BJ (1992) Effect of ionizing radiation on sympathetic nerve function in rat parotid glands. J Oral Pathol Med 21:134–137
Komarow SA, Brawlow SP (1960) Studies on basal gastric secretion in chronic fistula rats. Effect of urethane and chlorpromazine. Physiologist 3:96
Komarow SA, Brawlow SP, Boyd E (1963) A permanent gastric fistula. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 112:451–453
Konturek PCh, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Stachura J, Karczewska E, Pajdo R, Ghiara P, Hahn EG (1999) Mouse model of Helicobacter infection: Studies of gastric function and ulcer healing. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13:333–346
Konturek SJ (1993) New aspects of clinical pharmacology of antacids. J Physiol Pharmacol 44, Suppl 1:5–21
Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Bielanski W, Schally AV (1995) Role of endogenous gastrin in gastroprotection. Eur J Pharmacol 278:203–212
Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Drozdowicz D, Nauert C (1989) Gastroprotection by an aluminium- and magnesium‐hydroxide‐containing antacid in rats. Role of endogenous prostanoids. Scand J Gastroenterol 24:1113–1120
Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Majka J, Szlachcic A, Nauert C, Slomiany B (1992) Nitric oxide in gastroprotection by aluminium‐containing antacids. Eur J Pharmacol 229:155–162
Konturek SJ, Cieskowski M, Bilski J, Konturek J, Bielansky W, Schally AV (1985) Effects of cyclic hexapeptide analog of somatostatin on pancreatic secretion in dogs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 178:68–72
Konturek SJ, Cieszkowski M, Kwiecien N, Konturek J, Tasler J, Bilski J (1984) Effects of omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, on gastrointestinal secretions, serum gastrin, and gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs. Gastroenterol 86:71–77
Konturek SJ, Piastucki I, Brzozowski T, Radecki T, Dembinska-Kiec A, Zmuda A, Gryglewski R (1981) Role of prostaglandins in the formation of aspirin‐induced gastric ulcers. Gastroenterology 80:4–9
Konturek SJ, Pucher A, Radecki T (1976) Comparison of vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin in stimulation of pancreatic secretion. J Physiol 255:497–509
Konturek SJ, Radecki T, Thor P (1974) Comparison of endogenous release of secretin and cholecystokinin in proximal and distal duodenum in the dog. Scand J Gastroenterol 9:153–157
Koo A, Liang IYS (1977) Blood flow in hepatic sinusoids in experimental hemorrhagic shock in the rat. Microvasc Res 13:315–325
Kopin AS, Lee YM, McBride EW, Miller LJ, Lu M, Lin HY, Kolakowski Jr LF, Beinborn M (1992) Expression cloning and characterization of the canine parietal cell gastrin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3605–3609
Koppan M, Halmos G, Arencibia JM, Lamharzi N, Schally AV (1998) Bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonists RC-3095 and RC-3940-II inhibit tumor growth and decrease the levels and mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in H-69 small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 83:1335–1343
Kortezova N, Mizhorkova Z, Milusheva E, Coy DH, Vizi S, Varga G (1994) GRP-preferring bombesin receptor subtype mediates contractile activity in cat terminal ileum. Peptides 15:1331–1333
Kortezova N, Velkova V, Mizhorkova Z, Bredy-Dobreva G, Vizi ES, Papasova M (1994) Participation of nitric oxide in the nicotine‐induced relaxation of the cat lower esophageal sphincter. J Auton Nerv Syst 50:73–78
Koster R (1957) Comparative studies of emesis in pigeons and dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 119:406–417
Kountouras J, Billing BH, Scheuer PJ (1984) Prolonged bile duct obstruction: a new experimental model for cirrhosis in the rat. Br J Exp Path 65:305–311
Kraft SC, Fitch FW, Kirsner JB (1963) Histologic and immunochemical features of ‘Auer’ colitis in rabbits. Am J Pathol 43:913–927
Krantis A, Harding RK, McKay AE, Morris GP (1993) Effects of compound U74500A in animal models of gastric and duodenal ulceration. Dig Dis Sci 38:722–729
Krell H, Höke H, Pfaff E (1982) Development of intrahepatic cholestasis by a-naphthylisothiocyanate in rats. Gastroenterology 82:507–514
Kuhn R, Lohler J, Rennick D, Rajewsky K, Muller W (1993) Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell 75:263–274
Kuroda Y, Tanioka Y, Matsumoto SI, Kim Y, Fujita H, Ajiki T, Suzuki Y, Ku Y, Saitoh Y (1995) A new technique for pancreaticogastrointestinal anastomosis without suturing the pancreatic parenchyma. J Am Coll Surg 181:311–314
Kuroe K, Haga Y, Funakoshi O, Kanazawa K, Mizuki I, Yoshida Y (1996b) Pericholangitis in a rabbit colitis model induced by injection of muramyl dipeptide emulsified with a long-chain fatty acid. J Gastroenterol 31:347–352
Kuroe K, Haga Y, Funakoshi O, Mizuki I, Kanazawa K, Yoshida Y (1996a) Extraintestinal manifestations of granulomatous enterocolitis induced in rabbits by long-term submucosal administration of muramyl dipeptide emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant. J Gastroenterol 31:199–206
Kwiatkowska M, Parker LA, Burton P, Mechoulam R (2004) A comparative analysis of the potential of cannabinoids and ondansetron to suppress cisplatin‐induced emesis in Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Psychopharmacology 174:254–259
Labara C, Paigen K (1979) A simple and sensitive DNA assay procedure. Anal Biochem 102:344–352
Ladenheimer E, Wirth KE, Moran TH (1996) Receptor mediation of feeding suppression by bombesin-like peptides. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54:705–711
Ladenheimer EE, Wohn A, White WO, Schwartz GJ, Moran TH (1999) Inhibition of gastric emptying by bombesin-like peptides is depending on cholecystokinin-A receptor activation. Regul Pept 84:101–106
Lake-Bakaar G, Lyubsky S (1995) Dose-dependent effect of continuous subcutaneous verapamil infusion on experimental acute pancreatitis in mice. Dig Dis Sci 40:2349–2355
Lambert RW, Kelleher RS, Wickham LA, Vaerman JP, Sullivan DA (1994) Neuroendocrine‐immune modulation of secretory component production by rat lacrimal, salivary, and intestinal epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35:1192–1201
Lambrecht G, Feifel R, Wagner-Röder M, Strohmann C, Zilch H, Tacke R, Waelbroeck M, Christophe J, Boddeke H, Mutschler E (1989) Affinity profiles of hexohydrosiladifenidol analogues at muscarinic receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 168:71–80
Lambrecht G, Gross J, Hacksell U, Hermanni U, Hildebrandt C, Hou X, Moser U, Nilsson BM, Pfaff O, Waelbroeck M, Werle J, Mutschler E (1995) The design and pharmacology of novel selective muscarinic agonists and antagonists. Life Sci 56:815–822
Lambrecht G, Moser U, Grimm U, Pfaff O, Hermanni U, Hildebrandt C, Waelbroeck M, Christophe J, Mutschler E (1993) New functionally selective muscarinic antagonists. Life Sci 52:481–488
Lampel M, Kern HF (1987) Acute interstitial pancreatitis in the rat induced by excessive doses of a pancreatic secretagogue. Virchow's Arch A Path Anat Histol 373:97–117
Lane A, Ivy AC, Ivy EK (1957) Response of the chronic gastric fistula rat to histamine. Am J Physiol 190:221–228
Lankisch PG, Winckler K, Bokermann M, Schmidt H, Creutzfeldt W (1974) The influence of glucagon on acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 9:725–729
Larsson H, Carlsson E, Junggren U, Olbe L, Sjöstrand SE, Skånberg I, Sundell G (1983) Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by omeprazole in the dog and rat. Gastroenterology 85:900–907
Larsson H, Carlsson E, Mattsson H, Lundell L, Sundler F, Sundell G, Wallmark B, Watanabe T, Håkanson R (1986) Plasma gastrin and gastric enterochromaffin-like cell activation and proliferation. Studies with omeprazole and ranitidine in intact and antrectomized rats. Gastroenterology 90:391–399
Lasheras B, Berjón A, Montañes R, Roca J, Romero G, Ramírez MJ, Del Rio J (1996) Pharmacological properties of quinoxaline derivatives as a new class of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 46:401–406
Lauder H, Sellers LA, Fan TP, Fenluk W, Humphrey PPA (1997) Somatostatin sst5 inhibition of receptor mediated regeneration of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 122:663–670
Lawrence AJ, Smith GM (1974) Measurement of gastric acid secretion by conductivity. Eur J Pharmacol 25:383–389
Lazaratos S, Kashimura H, Nahakara A, Fukutomi H, Osuga T, Urushidani T, Miyauchi T, Goto K (1993) Gastric ulcer induced by submucosal injection of ET1: Role of potent vasoconstriction and intraluminal acid. Am J Physiol 265 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 28):G491–G498
Lazareno S, Buckley NJ, Roberts FF (1990) Characterization of muscarinic M4 binding sites in rabbit lung, chicken heart and NG108–15 cells. Mol Pharmacol 38:805–815
LeBel D, Poirier GG, Beaudoin AR (1978) A convenient method for the ATPase assay. Anal Biochem 85:86–89
LeDuc LE, Nast CC (1990) Chemotactic peptide‐induced colitis in rabbits. Gastroenterol 98:929–935
Leach MW, Bean AGD, Mauze S, Coffman RL, Powrie F (1996) Inflammatory bowel disease in C.B-17 scid mice reconstituted with the CD45RBhigh subset of CD+ T cells. Am J Pathol 148:1503–1515
Lee HC, Forte JG (1978) A study of H+ transport in gastric microsomal vesicles using fluorescent probes. Biochim Biophys Acta 508:339–356
Lee Y-M, Beinborn M, McBride EW, Lu M, Kolakowski LF Jr, Kopin AS (1993) The human brain cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor. Cloning and characterization. J Biol Chem 268:8164–8169
Lehnert P, Stahlheber H, Forell MM, Dost FH, Fritz H, Hutzel M, Werle E (1969) Bestimmung der Halbwertszeit von Secretin. Klin Wschr 47:1200–1204
Leighton JA, Bay MK, Maldonato AL, Johnson RF, Schenker St, Speeg KV (1990) The effect of liver dysfunction on colchicine pharmacokinetics in the rat. Hepatology 11:210–215
Lembeck F, Griesbacher T (1996) Pathophysiological and possible physiological roles of kinins in the pancreas. Immunopharmacol 33:336–338
Leng-Peschlow E (1986) Acceleration of large intestine transit time in rats by sennosides and related compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol 38:369–373
Leng-Peschlow E (1986b) Dual effect of orally administered sennosides on large intestine transit and fluid absorption in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 38:606–610
Lesch R, Keppler D, Reutter W, Rudigier J, Oehlert W, Decker K (1970) Entwicklung einer experimentellen Leberzirrhose durch D-Galaktosamin. Histologische, biochemische und autoradiographische Untersuchungen an Ratten. Virchows Arch, Abt B Zellpath 6:57–71
Leung FW, Guth PH, Scremin OU, Golanska EM, Kauffman GL Jr (1984) Regional gastric mucosal blood flow measurements by hydrogen gas clearance in the anesthetized rat and rabbit. Gastroenterology 87:28–36
Leung FW, Kauffman GL Jr, Washington J, Scremin OU, Guth PH (1986) Blood flow limitation of stimulated gastric acid secretion in the rat. Am J Physiol 250:G794–799
Leurs R, van der Goot H, Timmerman H (1991) Histaminergic agonists and antagonists. Recent Developments. Advanc Drug Res 20:217–304
Leveland PM, Waldum HL (1991) The gastrin receptor assay. Scand J Gastroenterol 26:Suppl 180:62–69
Levine R, Goldstein MS, Huddlestun B, Klein SP (1950) Action of insulin on the ‘permeability’ of cells to free hexoses, a studied by its effect on the distribution of galactose. Am J Physiol 163:70–76
Levy CM, Smith F, Longueville J, Paumgartener G, Howart M (1967) Indocyanine green as a test for hepatic function. JAMA 200:236–237
Lewis LD, Williams JA (1990) Regulation of cholecystokinin secretion by food, hormones, and neural pathways in the rat. Am J Physiol 258 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 21):G512–G518
Lezama EJ, Konkar AA, Salazar‐Bookaman MM, Miller DD, Feller DR (1996) Pharmacological study of atypical beta-adrenoceptors in rat esophageal smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 308:69–80
Liapakis G, Tallent M, Reisine T (1996) Molecular and functional properties of somatostatin receptor subtypes. Metab Clin Exp 45, Suppl:12–13
Lichtenstein GR, Reynolds JC, Ogorek CP, Parkman HP (1994) Localization and inhibitory actions of galanin at the feline lower esophageal sphincter. Regul Pept 50:213–222
Liddle RA, Goldfine ID, Williams JA (1984) Bioassay of plasma cholecystokinin in rats: effects of food, trypsin inhibitor, and alcohol. Gastroenterology 87:542–549
Lin CW, Miller T (1985) Characterization of cholecystokinin receptor sites in guinea-pig cortical membranes using [125I]Bolton‐Hunter cholecystokinin octapeptide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 232:755–780
Lin TM, Alphin RS (1958) Cephalic phase of gastric secretion in the rat. Am J Physiol 192:23–26
Lin TM, Ivy AC (1957) Relation of secretin to the parasympathetic mechanism for pancreatic secretion. Am J Physiol 187:361–368
Lin TM, Karvinen E, Ivy AC (1957) Role of pancreatic digestion in cholesterol absorption. Am J Physiol 190:214–220
Lindberg P, Brändström A, Wallmark B, Mattson H, Rikner L, Hoffmann KJ (1990) Med Res Rev 10:1–54
Lippe IT, Holzer P (1992) Participation of endothelium‐derived nitric oxide but not prostaglandin in the gastric mucosal hyperaemia due to acid back-diffusion. Br J Pharmacol 105:708–714
Lippmann GH, Hommel H (1968) Bestimmung der biologischen Aktivität des Insulin am eviszerierten Kaninchen. I. Versuchsanordung und Methodenkritik. Acta Biol Med Germ 21:723–732
Lippmann GH, Hommel H (1969) Bestimmung der biologischen Aktivität des Insulin. II Wirkung auf den Glukoseabstrom. Acta Biol Med Germ 22:23–33
Lish PM, Peters EL (1957) Antagonism of insulin‐induced gastrointestinal hypermotility in the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 94:664–668
Litchfield JT, Wilcoxon F (1949) A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J Pharm Exp Ther 96:99–113
Litvinchuk MD (1976) Rapid method for standardization cholagogues in mice. Byul Eksp Biol Med 82:889–890
Liu CD, Adrian TE, Newton TR, Bilchik AJ, Zinner MJ, Ashley SW, McFadden DW (1996a) Peptide YY: A potential proabsorptive hormone for the treatment of malabsorptive disorders. Am Surg 62:232–236
Liu CD, Hines OJ, Newton TR, Adrian TE, Zinner MJ, Ashley SW, McFadden DW (1996b) Cholecystokinin mediation of colonic absorption via peptide YY: Foregut‐hindgut axis. World J Surg 20:221–227
Liu CD, Hines OJ, Whang EE, Balasubramaniam A, Newton TR, Zinner MJ, Ashley SW, McFadden DW (1995) A novel synthetic analog of peptide YY, BIM-43004, given intraluminally, is proabsorptive. J Surg Res 59:80–84
Liu F, Naruse S, Ozaki T, Sazi T, Kondo T, Toda Y (1995) Effect of gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) on guinea pig gallbladder contraction in vitro. J Gastroenterol 30:764–767
Liu XH, Kimura T, Ishikawa H, Yamaguchi H, Furukawa M, Nakano I, Kinjoh M, Nawata H (1995) Effect of endothelin1 on the development of hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 30:276–282
Livingston EH, Reedy T, Dao H, Leung FW, Guth PH (1986) Direct fitting of hydrogen gas clearance curves by computer. Gastroenterology 90:1523
Ljungström M, Norberg L, Olaisson H, Wernstedt C, Vega FV, Arvidson G, Mårdh S (1984) Characterization of proton‐transporting membranes from resting pig gastric mucosa. Biochem Biophys Acta 769:209–219
Lohnai Z, Burghardt B, Zelles T, Varga G (1997) The effect of L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway on salivary amylase secretion in conscious rats. J Physiol Paris 91:217–221
Lombardi B, Estes LW, Longnecker DS (1975) Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (massive necrosis) with fat necrosis induced in mice by DL-ethionine fed with a choline‐deficient diet. Am J Pathol 79:464–480
Long JF, Chiu PJS, Derelanko MJ, Steinberg M (1983) Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective activities of SCH 28080. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 226:114–120
Longdong W (1986) Present status and future perspectives of muscarinic receptor antagonists. Scand J Gastroenterol 21:55–59
Lonovics J, Jacab I, Szilvássy J, Szilvássy Z (1994) Regional differences in nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in the rabbit sphincter of Oddi. Eur J Pharmacol 255:117–122
Lora L, Mazzon E, Martines D, Fries W, Muraca M, Martin A, D'Odorico A, Naccarato R, Citi S (1997) Hepatocyte tight-junctional permeability is increased in rat experimental colitis. Gastroenterol 113:1347–1354
Lotti VJ, Cerino DJ, Kling PJ, Chang RSL (1986) A new simple mouse model for the in vivo evaluation of cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists: comparative potencies and durations of action of nonpeptide antagonists. Life Sci 39:1631–1638
Lotti VJ, Chang RSL (1989) A new potent and selective non-peptide gastrin antagonist and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCKB) ligand: L-365260. Eur J Pharmacol 162:273–280
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 13:265–275
Lu XQ, Zhang F, Huang M (1997) Effects of dihydroetorphine hydrochloride on contraction and electric discharge of Oddi' sphincter. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol 11:275–277
Lucot JB (1989) Blockade of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptors prevents cisplatin‐induced but not motion- or xylazine‐induced emesis in the cat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 32:207–210
Lushbach C, Humason G, Clapp N (1985) Histology of colitis: Sanguinus oedipus and other marmosets. Dig Dis Sci 30, Suppl:45–51
Luthin GR, Wolfe BB (1984) Comparison of [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 228:648–655
Ma W, Li BS, Zhang L, Pant HC (2004) Signaling cascades implicated in muscarinic regulation of peripheral neural stem and progenitor cells. Drug News Perspect 17:258–266
MacPherson B, Pfeiffer CJ (1976) Experimental colitis. Digestion 14:42–452
MacPherson BR, Pemsingh RS (1997) Ground squirrel model for cholelithiasis: role of epithelial glycoproteins. Microsc Res Tech 3:39–55
MacPherson BR, Pemsingh RS, Scott GW (1987) Experimental cholelithiasis in the ground squirrel. Lab Invest 56:138–145
MacPherson BR, Pfeiffer CJ (1978) Experimental production of diffuse colitis in rats. Digestion 17:136–150
Macht DI, Barba-Gose J (1931) Two new methods for the pharmacological comparison of insoluble purgatives. J Am Pharm Ass 20:558–564
Madar Z (1983) Demonstration of amino acid and glucose transport in chick small intestine everted sac as a student laboratory exercise. Biochem Educ 11 9–11
Madara JL, Podolsky DK, King NW, Sehgal PK, Moore R, Winter HS (1985) Characterization of spontaneous colitis in cotton-top tamarin (Sanguinis oedipus) and its response to sulfasalazine. Gastroenterology 88:13–19
Maggi CA, Meli A (1982) An in vivo procedure for estimating spasmolytic activity in the rat by measuring smooth muscle contractions to topically applied acetylcholine. J Pharmacol Meth 8:39–46
Maggi CA, Meli A (1984) Eserine‐induced hypertone of guinea pig distal colon in vivo: a new pharmacological procedure for testing smooth muscle relaxants. J Pharmacol Meth 12:91–96
Magnus R (1904) Versuche am überlebenden Dünndarm von Säugethieren. Pflügers Arch 102:123–151
Magnus R (1915) Die stopfende Wirkung des Morphins. Pflügers Arch Ges Physiol 115:316–330
Magnusson KE, Dahlgren C, Sjolander A (1985) Effect of N-formylated‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine on gut permeability. Inflammation 9:365–373
Main IHM, Pearce JB (1978) A rat isolated gastric mucosal preparation for studying the pharmacology of gastric secretion and the synthesis or release of endogenous substances. J Pharm Meth 1:27–38
Majamaa K, Günzler V, Hanauske-Abel HM, Myllylä R, Kivirikko KI (1986) Partial identity of 2-oxoglutarate and ascorbate binding sites of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 261:7819–7823
Majamaa K, Hanauske-Abel HM, Günzler V, Kivirikko KI (1984) The 2-oxoglutarate binding site of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Identification of distinct subsites and evidence for 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation in a ligand reaction at the enzyme-bound ferrous ion. Eur J Biochem 138:239–245
Majamaa K, Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen TM, Latipää P, Günzler V, Hanauske-Abel HM, Hassinen IE, Kivirikko KI (1985) Differences between collagen hydroxylases and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in their inhibition by structural analogues of 2-oxoglutarate. Biochem J 229:127–133
Makovec F, Revel L, Letari O, Mennuni L, Impicciatore M (1999) Characterization of antisecretory and antiulcer activity of CR 2945, a new potent and selective gastrin/CCKB receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 369:81–90
Makovec F, Revel L, Rovati L, Setnikar I (1986) In vivo antispasmodic activity on the gall bladder of the mouse of new glutamic acid derivatives with CCK antagonistic activity. Gastroenterol 90:1531
Maletínská L, Lignon MF, Galas MCh, Bernad N, Pírková J, Hlavácek J, Slaninová J, Martinez J (1992) Pharmacological characterization of new cholecystokinin analogues. Eur J Pharmacol 222:233–240
Malmberg L, Ekberg O, Ekstrøm J (1991) Effect of drugs and electrical field stimulation on isolated muscle strips from the rabbit pharyngoesophageal segment. Dysphagia 6:203–208
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Mann FC, Bollman JL (1931) A method for making a satisfactory fistula at any level of the gastrointestinal tract. Ann Surg 93:794–797
Mann GE, Norman PSR (1984) Regulatory effects of insulin and experimental diabetes on neutral amino acid transport in the perfused rat exocrine pancreas. Kinetics of unidirectional L-serine influx and efflux at the basolateral plasma membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 778:618–622
Manso MA, Orfao A, Tabernero MD, Vicente S, De Dios I (1998) Changes in both the membrane and the enzyme content of individual zymogen granules are associated with sodium taurocholate‐induced pancreatitis in rats. Clin Sci 94:293–301
Mantey SA, Coy DH, Entsuah LK, Jensen RT (2004) Development of bombesin analogs with conformationally restricted amino acid substitutions with enhanced selectivity for the orphan receptor human bombesin receptor subtype 3. J Pharm Exp Ther 310:1161–1170
Mantey SA, Weber HC, Sainz E, Akeson M, Ryan RR, Pradhan TK, Searles RP, Spindel ER, Battey JF, Coy DH, Jensen RT (1997) Discovery of a high affinity radioligand for the human orphan receptor, bombesin receptor subtype 3, which demonstrates that it has a unique pharmacology compared with other mammalian bombesin receptors. J Biol Chem 272:26062–26071
Marchetti M, Aricò B, Burroni D, Figura N, Rappouli R, Ghiara P (1995) Development of a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection that mimics human disease. Science 267:1655–1658
Marcus R, Watt J (1969) Seaweeds and ulcerative colitis in laboratory animals. Lancet 2:489–490
Martinez JR, Martinez AM (1981) Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of substance P on rat submandibular secretion. J Dent Res 60:1031–1038
Martinez JR, Quissell DO, Wood DL, Giles M (1978) Secretory response to parasympathomimetic and sympathomimetic stimulation from the submaxillary gland of rats treated with reserpine. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 194:384–395
Martinez V, Curi AP, Torkian B, Schaeffer JM, Wilkinson HA, Walsh JH, Tache Y (1998) High basal gastric acid secretion in somatostatin receptor subtype 2 knockout mice. Gastroenterology 114:1125–1132
Martinez V, Jimenez M, Gonalons E, Vergara P (1993) Effects of cholecystokinin and gastrin on gastroduodenal motility and coordination in chickens. Life Sci 52:191–198
Martinez-Mir MI, Pollard H, Moreau J, Arrang JM, Ruat M, Traiffort E, Schwartz JC, Palacios JM (1990) Three histamine receptors (H1, H2, and H3) visualized in the brain of human and non-human primates. Brain Res 526:322–327
Martin‐Martinez M, Bartolome‐Nebreda JM, Gomez-Monterrey I, Gozalez-Muniz R, Garcia-Lopez MT, Ballaz S, Barber A, Fortuno A, Del Rio J, Herranz R (1997) Synthesis and stereochemical structure activity relationships of 1,3-dioxyperhydropyrido[1,2c]pyrimidine derivatives: Potent and selective cholecystokinin A receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 40:3402–3407
Masuda E, Kawano S, Nagano K, Tsuji S, Takei Y, Hayashi N, Tsujii M, Oshita M, Michida T, Kobayashi I, Pen HB, Fusamoto H, Kamada T (1993) Role of endogenous endothelin in pathogenesis of ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Am J Physiol 265 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 28):G474–G481
Masuda E, Kawano S, Nagano K, Tsusi S, Takei Y, Hayashi N, Tsujii M, Oshita M, Michida T, Kobayashi I, Peng HB, Fusamoto H, Kamada T (1993) Am J Physiol G474–G481
Matoba N, Cohen BI, Mosbach EH, Stenger RJ, Kuroki S, Une M, McSherry CK (1989) 7-Methyl bile acids: effects of chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and their 7-α-methyl analogues on the formation of cholesterol gallstones in the prairie dog. Gastroenterology 96:178–185
Matsumara T, Yada S, Miyoshi Y, Komi N (1991) Effect of synthetic protease inhibitor on the sphincter of Oddi function in dogs. Jpn J Gastroenterol 88:2663–2670
Matsumura JS, Neri K, Rege RV (1996) Hypercholeresis with cholate infusion in dogs with pigment gallstones. Dig Dis Sci 41:272–281
Mazelin L, Theodorou V, More J, Edmonds-Alt X, Fioramonti J, Bueno L (1998) Comparative effects of nonpeptide tachykinin receptor antagonists on experimental gut inflammation in rats and guinea pigs. Life Sci m63:293–304
McConnell HM, Owicki JC, Parce JW, Miller DL, Baxter GT, Wada HG, Pitchford S (1992) The Cytosensor Microphysiometer: biological applications of silicon technology. Science 257:1906–1912
McConnell HM, Rice P, Wada GH, Owicki JC, Parce JW (1991) The microphysiometer biosensor. Curr Opin Struct Biol 1:647–652
McFadden DW, Jaffe BM, Ferrara A, Zinner MJ (1984) Jejunal absorptive response to a test meal and its modification by cholinergic and calcium channel blockade in the awake dog. Surg Forum 35:174–176
McKay DM, Philpott DJ, Perdue MH (1997) Review Article: In vitro models in inflammatory bowel disease research – a critical review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 11, Suppl 3:70–80
McKeen ES, Feniuk W, Michel AD, Kidd EJ, Humphrey PPA (1996) Identification and characterization of heterogeneous somatostatin binding sites in rat distal colon mucosa. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 354:543–549
McKinney M (1993) Muscarinic receptor subtype‐specific coupling to second messengers in neuronal systems. In: Cuello AC (ed) Progress in Brain Research, Vol 98, Chapter 40, pp 333–340
McPherson GA (1985) Analysis of radioligand binding experiments. A collection of computer programs for the IBM PC. J Pharmacol Meth 14:213–228
Meenan J, Hommes DW, Mevissen M, Dijkhuizen S, Soule H, Moyle M, Buller HR, Ten Kate FW, Tytgat GNJ, Van Deventer SJH (1996) Attenuation of the inflammatory response in an animal colitis model by neutrophil inhibitory factor, a novel β2-integrin antagonist. Scand J Gastroenterol 31:786–791
Megens AAHP, Canters LLJ, Awouters FHL, Niemegeers CJE (1989) Is in vivo dissociation between the antipropulsive and antidiarrheal properties of opioids in rats related to gut selectivity? Arch Int Pharmacodyn 298:220–229
Megens AAHP, Canters LLJ, Awouters FHL, Niemegeers CJE (1990) Normalization of small intestinal propulsion with loparamide-like antidiarrheals in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 17:357–364
Megens AAHP, Canters LLJ, Awouters FHL, Niemegeers CJE (1990) Normalization of small intestinal propulsion with loperamide-like antidiarrheal agents. Eur J Pharmacol 17:357–364
Menzel R, Haupt I (1972) Untersuchungen zur in vitro und in vivo-Insulinbindung mit Anti-Rinderinsulinserum vom Kaninchen. Acta Biol Med Germ 28:3249–356
Merali Z, McIntosh J, Anisman H (1999) Role of bombesin‐related peptides in the control of food intake. Neuropeptides 33:376–386
Mercer DW, Cross JM, Chang L, Lichtenberger LM (1998) Bombesin prevents gastric injury in the rat: Role of gastrin. Dig Dis Sci 43:826–833
Merkord J, Jonas L, Weber H, Kröning G, Nizze H, Henninghausen G (1997) Acute interstitial pancreatitis in rats induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC): Pathogenesis and natural course of lesions. Pancreas 15:392–401
Meyerhof W, Wulfsen I, Schönrock Ch, Fehr S, Richter D (1992) Molecular cloning of a somatostatin-28 receptor and comparison of its expression pattern with that of a somatostatin-14 receptor in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89:10267–10271
Meyers CA, Murphy WA, Redding TW, Coy DH, Schally AV (1980) Synthesis and biological actions of prosomatostatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:6171–6174
Michel AD, Delmendo R, Stefanich E, Whiting RL (1989) Binding characteristics of the muscarinic receptor subtype of the NG108–15 cell line. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 340:62–67
Michida T, Kawano S, Masuda E, Kobayashi I, Nishimura Y, Tsujii M, Hayashi N, Takei Y, Tsuji S, Nagano K, Fusamoto H, Kamada T (1994) Gastroenterol 106:988–993
Mifflin SW (1993) Laryngeal afferent inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract. Am J Physiol 265:R269–R276
Miki S, Cohen BI, Mikami T, Mosbach EH (1993) Metabolism and choleretic activity of homochenodeoxycholic acid in the hamster. J Lipid Res 34:915–921
Millar AD, Rampton DS, Chander CL, Claxson AWD, Blades S, Coumbe A, Panetta J, Morris CJ, Blake DR (1996) Evaluating the antioxidant potential of new treatments for inflammatory bowel disease using a rat model of colitis. Gut 39:407–415
Miller MJS, Chotinaruemol S, Sadowska‐Krowicka H, Zhang XJ, McIntyre JA, Clark DA (1993) Guinea pig ileitis is attenuated by the leumedin N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)-leucine (NPC 15199). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 266:468–472
Miller MJS, Zhang XJ, Barkemeyer B, Sadowska‐Krowicka H, Eloby-Childress S, Gu X, Clark DA (1991) Potential role of monochloramine in a rabbit model of ileitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 26:852–858
Miller MS, Galligan JJ, Burks TF (1981) Accurate measurement of intestinal transit in the rat. J Pharmacol Meth 6:211–217
Miller RC, Galvan M, Gittos MW, van Giersbergen PLM, Moser PC, Fozard JR (1993) Pharmacological properties of dolasetron, a potent and selective antagonist at 5-HT3 receptors. Drug Dev Res 28:87–93
Milusheva EA, Kortezova NI, Mizhorkova ZN, Papasova M, Coy DH, Balint A, Vizi ES, Varga G (1998) Role of different bombesin receptor subtypes mediating contractile activity in cat upper intestinal tract. Peptides 19:549–556
Minamino N, Kangawa K, Matsuo H (1983) Neuromedin B: A novel bombesin-like peptide identified in porcine spinal cord. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 114:541–548
Mitchell IC, Turk JL (1990) Effect of the immune modulating agents cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin A on an animal model of granulomatous bowel disease. Gut 31:674–678
Mithofer K, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Ferraro MJ, Lewandrowski K, Rattner DW, Warshaw AL (1996) Antibiotic treatment improves survival in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Gastroenterol 110:232–240
Miyasaka K, Funakoshi A (2003) Cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin receptors. J Gastroenterol 38:1–13
Miyazaki M, Lamharzi N, Schally AV, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K, Groot K, Cai R-Z (1998) Inhibition of growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice by bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) antagonists RC-3940-II and RC-3095. Eur J Cancer 34:710–717
Mizuma T, Ohta K, Hayashi M, Awazu S (1993) Comparative study of active absorption by the intestine and disposition of anomers of sugar-conjugated compounds. Biochem Phamacol 45:1520–1523
Moinet C, Contour-Galcéra MO, Poitout L, Morgan B, Gordon T, Roubert P, Thurieau C (2001) Novel nonpeptide ligands for the somatostatin sst3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 11:991–995
Moller LN, Stidsen CE, Hartmann B, Holst JJ (2003) Somatostatin receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1616:1–84
Mombouli JV, Bissiriou I, Agboton VT, Vanhoutte PM (1996) Bioassay of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 221:484–488
Monge A, del Carmen-Pena M, Palop JA, Caldero JM, Roca J, Garcia E, Romero G, del Rio J, Lasheras B (1994) Synthesis of 2-piperazinylbenzothiazole and 2-piperazinylbenzoxazole derivatives with 5-HT3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist properties J Med Chem 37:1320–1325
Moody TW, Jensen RT (1998) Bombesin receptor antagonists. Drugs Future 23:1305–1315
Moody TW, Merali Z (2004) Bombesin-like peptides and associated receptors within the brain: distribution and behavioral implications. Peptides 25:511–520
Moody TW, Pert CB, Rivier J, Brown MR (1978) Bombesin: Specific binding to rat brain membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5372–5376
Moody TW, Venugopal R, Hu V, Gozes Y, McDermed J, Leban JJ (1996) BW1023U90: A new GRP receptor antagonist for small-cell lung cancer cells. Peptides 17:1337–13343
Moran TH, Kinzig KP (2004) Gastrointestinal satiety signals. II. Cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol 286:G183–G188
Moran TH, Robinson PH, Goldrich MS, McHugh PR (1986) Two brain cholecystokinin receptors: implications for behavioral actions. Brain Res 362:175–179
Morimoto Y, Shimohara K, Tanaka K, Hara H, Sukamoto T (1994) 4-Methoxyphenyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1-piperazine‐acetate monofumarate monohydrate (KB 5492), a new anti-ulcer agent with selective affinity for the sigma receptor, prevents cysteamine‐induced duodenal ulcers in rats by a mechanism different from that of cimetidine. Jpn J Pharmacol 64:221–224
Moritoki H, Morita M, Kanbe T (1976) Effects of methylxanthines and imidazole on the contractions of guinea-pig ileum induced by transmural stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol 35:185–198
Morris CP, Beck PL, Herridge MS, Depew WT, Szewczuk MR, Wallace HJ (1989) Hapten‐induced model of chronic inflammation and ulceration in the rat colon. Gastroenterology 96:795–803
Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55–63
Motozono H, Mizuno N, Morita E, Fujioka Y, Takahashi K (1994) Effect of age on gastrointestinal absorption of tobramycin in rats. Int J Pharm 108:39–48
Munro AF (1951) The effect of adrenaline on the guinea-pig intestine. J Physiol 112:84–94
Murphy WA, Taylor JE, Moreau JP, Coy DH (1989) Novel heptapeptide somatostatin analog displays anti-tumor activity independent of effects on growth hormone secretion. Peptide Res 2:128–132
Murray CW, Cowan A, Wright DL, Vaught JL, Jacoby HI (1987) Neurokinin‐induced salivation in the anesthetized rat: A three receptor hypothesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 242:500–506
Myers BS, Dempsey DT, Ysar S, Martin JS, Parkman HP, Ryan JP (1997) Acute experimental distal colitis alters colonic transit in rats
Nagakura Y, Akuzawa S, Miyata K, Kamato T, Suzuki T, Ito H, Yamaguchi T (1999) Pharmacological properties of a novel gastrointestinal prokinetic benzamide selective for human 5-HT4 receptor versus human 5-HT3 receptor. Pharmacol Res 39:375–382
Nagakura Y, Kamato T, Nishida A, Ito H, Yamano M, Miyata K (1996) Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes influencing colonic motility in conscious dogs. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 353:489–498
Nagaya H, Satoh H, Maki Y (1987) Actions of antisecretory agents on proton transport in hog gastric mucosa. Biochem Pharmacol 36:513–519
Nagy A, Schally AV, Halmos G, Armatis P, Cai RZ, Csernus V, Kovacs M, Koppa M, Szepeshazi K, Kahan Z (1998) Synthesis and biological evaluation of cytotoxic analogs of somatostatin containing doxorubicin or its intensely potent derivative, 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 402:1794–1799
Nakada K (1995) Effect of gastrectomy on gallbladder motility: An experimental study. J Smooth Muscle Res 31:23–32
Nakae Y, Naruse S, Kitagawa M, Hirao S, Yamamoto R, Hayakawa T (1995) Activation of trypsinogen in experimental models of acute pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 10:306–313
Nakajima M, Sakai T, Mizumoto A, Itoh Z (1996) Development of a new telemetric system for measuring gastrointestinal contractile activity in unrestrained and conscious small animals. J Smooth Musc Res 32:1–7
Nakajima T, Tanimura T, Pisano JJ (1970) Isolation and structure of a new vasoactive peptide. Fed Proc 29:282
Nakaki T, Nakadate T, Yamamoto S, Kato R (1982) Alpha-2-adrenergic inhibition of intestinal secretion induced by prostaglandin E1, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in rat jejunum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 220:637–641
Nakama K, Schichinohe K, Kobayashi K (1998) Spontaneous diabetes-like syndrome in WBN/Kob rats. Acta Diabetol Lat 22:335–342
Nakamura M (1996) Effects of prostaglandins on motility of rabbit sphincters of Oddi in vivo. J Osaka City Med Cent 45:29–41
Natelson S (1958) Routine use of ultra-micro-methods in the clinical laboratory. Am J Clin Pathol 21:1153–1170
Naylor IL (1977) A simple and inexpensive piece of apparatus for cascade superfusion procedures. Br J Pharmacol 59:529P
Negro A, Garbisa S, Gotte L, Spina M (1987) The use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and precolumn derivatization with dansyl chloride for quantitation of specific amino acids in collagen and elastin. Anal Biochem 160:39–46
Neurath MF, Fuss I, Pasparakis M, Alexopoulou L, Haralambous S, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Strober W, Kollias G (1997) Predominant pathogenic role of tumor necrosis factor in experimental colitis in mice. Eur J Immunol 27:1743–1750
Neurath MF, Pettersson S, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-H (1996) Local administration of antisense phosphorothionate oligonucleotides to the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB abrogates established experimental colitis in mice. Nat Med 2:998–1004
Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Barnidge M, Janney CG (1994) Cerulein‐induced pancreatic cysteine depletion: Prevention does not diminish acute pancreatitis in the mouse. Gastroenterology 107:824–830
Ng SSM, Pang RTK, Chow BKC, Cheng CHK (1999) Real-time evaluation of human secretin receptor activity using cytosensor microphysiometry. J Cell Biochem 72:517–527
Niederau C, Brinsa R, Niederau M, Luthen R, Strohmeyer G, Ferrell LD (1995) Effects of C1-esterase inhibitor in three models of acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 17:189–196
Niederau C, Ferrell LD, Grendell JH (1985) Caerulein‐induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice: Protective effects of proglumide, benzotript, and secretin. Gastroenterology 88:1192–1204
Niederau C, Niederau M, Luthen R, Strohmeyer G, Ferrell LD, Grendell JH (1990) Pancreatic exocrine secretion in acute experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 99:1120–1127
Niederau M, Niederau G, Strohmeyer G, Grendell JH (1989) Comparative effects of CCK receptor antagonists on rat pancreatic secretion in vivo. Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol) 19:G150
Niederberger M, Gines P, Martin PY, St. John J, Woytaszek P, Xu L, Tsai P, Nemenoff RA, Schrier RW (1998) Increased renal and vascular cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity in rats with cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatology 27:42–47
Niederberger M, Martin PY, Gines P, Morris K, Tsai P, Xu DL, McMurtry I, Schrier RW (1995) Normalization of nitric oxide production corrects arterial vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhotic rats. Gastroenterology 109:1624–1630
Niemegeers CJE, Awouters F, Janssen PAJ (1984) The castor oil test in rats: An in vivo method to evaluate antipropulsive and antisecretory activity of antidiarrheals? Drug Dev Res 4:223–227
Niemegeers CJE, Colpaert FC, Awouters FHL (1981) Pharmacology and antidiarrheal effect of Loperamide. Drug Dev Res 1:1–20
Niemegeers CJE, Lenaerts FM, Janssen PAJ (1974) Loperamide (R 18 553), a novel type of antidiarrheal agent. Part 1: In vivo oral pharmacology and acute toxicity. Comparison with morphine, codeine, diphenoxylate and difenoxine. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 24:1633–1635
Niemegeers CJE, Lenaerts FM, Janssen PAJ (1974) Loperamide (R18 553), a novel type of antidiarrheal agent. Part 2: In vivo parenteral pharmacology and acute toxicity in mice. Comparison with morphine, codeine and diphenoxylate. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 24:1636–1638
Nilsson L, Folkesson R (1997) Coexistence of somatostatin receptor subtypes in the human neuroblastoma cell line LA-N2. FEBS Lett 401:83–88
Ninomiya K, Saito T, Wakatsuki K, Saeki M, Kato T, Kasai H, Kimura F, Fujii M (1998) Effects of loxiglumide on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin-8 in conscious dogs. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 48:52–54
Nishino H, Tsunoda Y, Owyang C (1998) Mammalian bombesin receptors are coupled to multiple signal transduction pathways in pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol 274, Gastrointest Liver Physiol 37:G525–G534
Noble F, Roques BP (1999) CCK-B receptor: chemistry. Molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology. Progr Neurobiol 58:349–379
Noble F, Wank SA, Crawley JN, Bradwejn J, Seroogy KB, Hamon M, Roques BP (1999) International Union of Pharmacology. XXI. Structure, distribution, and functions of cholecystokinin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 51:745–781
Nolan JC, Ridge S, Oronsky AL, Kervar SS (1978) Studies on the mechanism of reduction of prolyl hydroxylase activity by D,L-3,4 dehydroproline. Arch Biochem Biophys 189:448–453
Norcoss NL, Griffith IJ, Lettieri JA (1980) Measurement of acetylcholine receptor and anti-receptor antibodies by ELISA. Muscle Nerve 3:345–349
Norman J, Franz M, Messina J, Riker A, Fabri PJ, Rosemurgy AS, Gower WR Jr (1995) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases severity of experimental acute pancreatitis. Surgery 117:648–655
Norman J, Yang J, Fink G, Carter G, Ku G, Denham W, Livingston D (1997) Severity and mortality of experimental pancreatitis are dependent on interleukin1 converting enzyme. J Interferone Cytokine Res 17:113–118
Norman PSR, Habara Y, Mann GE (1989) Paradoxical effects of endogenous and exogenous insulin on amino acid transport activity in the isolated rat pancreas: somatostatin-14 inhibits insulin action. Diabetologia 32:177–184
Norman PSR, Mann GE (1986) Transport characteristics of system A in the rat exocrine pancreatic epithelium analyzed using the specific non-metabolized amino acid analogue α-methylaminobutyric acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 861:389–394
Norman PSR, Mann GE (1987) Ionic dependence of amino-acid transport in the exocrine pancreatic epithelium: calcium dependence of insulin action. J Membr Biol 96:153–163
Norris AA (1989) Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. In: Pharmacological Methods in the Control of Inflammation. Alan R. Liss, Inc. pp 321–342
Norris AA, Lewis AJ, Zeitlein IJ (1982) Changes in colonic tissue levels of inflammatory mediators in a guinea-pig model of immune colitis. Agents Actions 12:239–242
Norris DB, Gajtkowski GA, Rising TJ (1984) Histamine H2-binding studies in the guinea-pig brain. Agents Actions 14:543–545
Nunn C, Langenegger D, Hurth K, Schmidt K, Fehlmann D, Hoyer D (2003a) Agonist properties of putative small-molecule somatostatin sst2 receptor selective antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 465:211–218
Nunn C, Rueping M, Langenegger D, Schuepbach E, Kimmerlin T, Micuch P, Seebach D, Hoyer D (2003c) β2/β3-di- and α /β3-tetrapeptide derivatives as potent agonists at somatostatin sst4 receptors. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367:95–103
Nunn C, Schoeffter P, Langenegger D, Hoyer D (2003b) Functional characterization of the putative somatostatin sst2 receptor antagonist CYN 154806. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367:1–9
Nuxmalo JL, Teranaka M, Schenk WG (1978) Hepatic blood flow measurement. Total hepatic blood flow measured by ICG clearance and electromagnetic flow meters in a canine septic shock model. Ann Surg 183:299–302
O'Brien DW, Semple HA, Molnar GD, Tam Y, Coutts RT, Rajotte RV, Bayens‐Simmonds J (1991) A chronic conscious dog model for direct transhepatic studies in normal and pancreatic islet cell transplanted dogs. J Pharmacol Meth 25:157–170
O'Byrne KJ, Carney DN (1996) Radiolabeled somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in oncology. Anti-Cancer Drugs 7, Suppl 1:33–44
O'Carroll AM, Lolait StJ, König M, Mahan LC (1992) Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary somatostatin receptor with preferential affinity for somatostatin-28. Molecul Pharmacol 42:936–946
Oberle RL, Moore TJ, Krummel DAP (1995) Evaluation of mucosal damage of surfactants in rat jejunum and colon. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 33:75–81
Obermaier R, Benz S, Kortmann B, Benthues A, Ansorge N, Hopf UT (2001) Ischemia/reperfusion‐induced pancreatitis in rats: a new model of complete normothermic in situ ischemia of a pancreatic tail-segment. Clin Exp Med 1:51–59
Obermaier R, von Dobschuetz E, Benthues A, Ansorge N, Schareck W, Hopt UT, Benz S (2004a) Exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide donors improve post-ischemic tissue oxygenation in early pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat. Eur Surg Res 36:219–225
Obermanier R, von Dobschuetz E, Muhs O, Keck T, Drognitz O, Jonas L, Schareck W, Hopt UT, Benz S (2004b) Influence of nitric oxide on microcirculation in pancreatic/reperfusion injury: an intravital microscopic study. Transpl Int 17:208–214
Ochsenfahrt H (1979) The relevance of blood flow for the absorption of drugs in the vascularly perfused, isolated intestine of the rat. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 306:105–112
Ogawa A, Ren K, Tsuboi Y, Morimoto T, Sato T, Iwata K (2003) A new model of experimental parotitis in rats and its implication for trigeminal nociception. Exp Brain Res 152:307–316
Ogden JM, Modlin IM, Gorelick GS, Marks IN (1994) Effect of buprenorphine on pancreatic enzyme synthesis and secretion in normal rats and rats with acute edematous pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 39:2407–2415
Ogra Y, Ohmichi M, Suzuki KT (1995) Systemic dispositions of molybdenum and copper after tetrathiomolybdate injection on LEC rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 9:165–169
Ogunti EO, Elujoba AA (1993) Laxative activity of Cassia alata. Fitoterapia 64:437–439
Ohashi K, Kim JH, Hara H, Aso R, Akimoto T, Nakama K (1990) A new spontaneously occurring model of chronic pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 6:231–247
Ohia SE, Cheung YD, Bieger D, Triggle CR (1992) Pharmacological profile of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor that mediates relaxation of rat oesophageal smooth muscle. Gen Pharmacol 23:649–658
Ohki-Hamazaki H, Sakai Y, Kamata K, Ogura H, Okuyama S, Watase K, Yamada K, Wada K (1999) Functional properties of two bombesin-like receptors revealed by the analysis of mice lacking the neuromedin B receptor. J Neurosci 19:948–954
Ohkusa T (1985) Production of experimental ulcerative colitis in hamsters by dextran sulfate sodium and change in intestinal microflora. Jpn J Gastroenterol 82:1327–1336
Ohtsuka T, Kotaki H, Nakayama N, Itezono Y, Shimma N, Kudoh T, Kuwahara T, Arisawa M, Yokose K (1993) Tetronothiodin, a novel cholecystokinin type-B receptor antagonist produced by Streptomyces sp. NR0489. II. Isolation, characterization and biological activities. J Antibiotics 46:11–17
Okabe S, Ishihara Y, Inoo H, Tanaka H (1982) Mepirizole‐induced duodenal ulcers in rats and their pathogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 27:242–249
Okabe S, Pfeiffer CJ (1972) Chronicity of acetic acid ulcer in the rat stomach. Digest Dis 7:619–629
Okabe S, Roth JL, Pfeiffer CJ (1971) A method for experimental, penetrating gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Am J Dig Dis 16:277–284
Okada F, Torii Y, Saito H, Matsuki N (1994) Antiemetic effects of serotonergic 5-HT1A-receptor agonists in Suncus murinus. Jpn J Pharmacol 64:109–114
Okamoto T, Yamamura K, Hino O (1999) The mouse interferon-γ transgene chronic hepatitis model. Int J Mol Med 3:517–520
Okayasu I, Hatekeyama S, Yamada M, Ohkusa T, Inagaki Y, Nakaya R (1990) A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. Gastroenterol 98:694–702
Okayasu T, Tochimaru H, Hyuga T, Takahashi T, Takekoshi Y, Li Y, Togashi Y, Takeichi N, Kasai N, Arashima S (1992) Inherited copper toxicity in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats exhibiting spontaneous hepatitis: A model of Wilson's disease. Pediatric Res 31:253–257
Okwuasaba FK, Cook MA (1980) The effect of theophylline and other methylxanthines on the presynaptic inhibition of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig ileum induced by purine nucleotides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 215:704–709
Olias G, Viollet C, Kusserow H, Epelbaum J, Meyerhof W (2004) Regulation and function of somatostatin receptors. J Neurochem 89:1057–1091
Orihata M, Sarna SK (1994) Contractile mechanisms of action of gastroprokinetic agents: Cisapride, metoclopramide, and domperidone. Am J Physiol 266 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 29):G665–G676
Oriowo MA (1997) β3-adrenoceptors mediate smooth muscle relaxation in the rat lower oesophageal sphincter. J Auton Pharmacol 17:175–182
Oriowo MA (1998) Neural inhibition of the rat lower esophageal sphincter: Role of β3-adrenoceptor activation. Gen Pharmacol 30:37–41
Ormsbee III HS, Bass P (1976) Gastroduodenal motor gradients in the dog after pyloroplasty. Am J Physiol 230:389–397
Ormsbee III HS, Telford GL, Suter CM, Wilson PD, Mason GR (1981) Mechanism of canine migrating motor complex – a reappraisal. Am J Physiol 240:G141–G146
Owen DAA, Pipkin MA (1985) A simple technique to simultaneously assess activity at histamine H1- and H2-receptors in vivo. J Pharmacol Meth 13:309–315
Owicki JC, Parce JW (1992) Biosensors based on the energy metabolism of living cells: The physical chemistry and cell biology of extracellular acidification. Biosensors Bioelectronics 7:255–272
Owicki JC, Parce JW, Kersco KM, Sigal GB, Muir VC, Venter JC, Fraser CM, McConnell HM (1990) Continuous monitoring of receptor‐mediated changes in the metabolic rates of living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 87:4007–4011
Oyen WJG, Boerman OC, Dams ETM, Storm G, Van Bloois L, Koenders EB, Van Haelst UJGM, Van der Meer JWM, Cortens FHM (1997) Scintigraphic evaluation of experimental colitis in rabbits. J Nucl Med 38:1596–1600
Paglietti G, Sanna P, Carta A, Sparatore F, Vazzana I, Peana A, Satta M (1994) Choleretic activity of 3-[ring substituted benzotriazol-1(2)yl]alkanoic and alkenoic acids. Farmaco 49:693–702
Paiva TB, Paiva ACM, Shimuta SI (1988) Role of sodium ions in angiotensin tachyphylaxis in the guinea-pig ileum and taenia coli. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 337:656–660
Palmen MJHJ, Dieleman LA, Soesatyo M, Peña AS, Meuwissen SGM, van Rees EP (1998) Effects of local butesonide treatment on cell-mediated immune response in acute and relapsing colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 43:2516–2525
Pandak WM, Vlahcevic ZR, Heuman DM, Hylemon PB (1990) Regulation of bile acid synthesis. V. Inhibition of conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol is associated with down-regulation of cholesterol 7a-hydoxylase activity and inhibition of bile acid synthesis. J Lipid Res 31:2149–2158
Pansky A, Pang F, Eberhard M, Baselgia L, Siegrist W, Baumann JB, Eberle AN, Beglinger C, Hildebrand B (1997) Identification of functional GRP-preferring bombesin receptors on human melanoma cells. Eur J Clin Invest 27:69–76
Papageorgiou C, Borer X (1996) A non-peptide ligand for the somatostatin receptor having a benzodiazepinone structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 6:267–272
Paran H, Klausner J, Siegal A, Graff E, Freund U, Kaplan O (1996) Effect of the somatostatin analogue octreotide on experimental pancreatitis in rats. J Surg Res 62:201–206
Parekh AB, Brading AF (1992) The M3 muscarinic receptor links to three different transduction mechanisms with different efficacies in circular muscle of guinea pig stomach. Br J Pharmacol 106:639–643
Parish CR, Müllbacher A (1983) Automated colorimetric assay for T cell cytotoxicity. J Immunol Methods 58:225–237
Park HJ, Lee YL, Kwon HY (1993) Effects of pancreatic polypeptide on insulin action in exocrine secretion of isolated rat pancreas. J Physiol 463:421–429
Parker LA, Kwiatkowska M, Burton P, Mechoulam R (2004) Effect of cannabinoids on lithium‐induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Psychopharmacology 171:156–161
Parker RB, Waud DR (1971) Pharmacological evaluation of drug receptor dissociation constants. Statistical evaluation. I. Agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 177:1–12
Parkman HP, Vozzelli MA, Pagano AP, Cowan A (1994) Pharmacological analysis of receptors for bombesin–related peptides on guinea pig gall bladder smooth muscle. Regul Pept 52:173–180
Parsons ME, Rushant B, Rasmussen TC, Leach C, Ife RJ, Postius S, Pope AJ (1995) Properties of the reversible K+-competitive inhibitor of the gastric H+/K+-ATPase, SK and F 97574. II. Pharmacological properties. Biochem Pharmacol 50:1551–1556
Pascaud XB, Chovet M, Soulard P, Chevalier E, Roze C, Junien JL (1993) Effects of a new sigma ligand, JO 1784, on cyste-amine ulcers and duodenal alkaline secretion in rats. Gastroenterology 104:427–434
Pascaud XB, Genton MJH, Bass P (1978) A miniature transducer for recording intestinal motility in unrestrained chronic rats. Am J Physiol 235:E523–E 538
Pasricha PJ, Tietjen TG, Kalloo AN (1995) Biliary manometry in swine: An unique endoscopic model for teaching and research. Endoscopy 27:70–72
Patel DR, Kong Y, Sreedharan SP (1995) Molecular cloning and expression of a human secretin receptor. Mol Pharmacol 47:467–473
Patel S, Chapman KL, Smith AJ, Bailey I, Freedman SB (1996) Are radioligand antagonist / agonist binding ratios in rat pancreas predictive of functional efficacy of cholecystokinin receptor agonists and antagonists? Regul Pept 65:29–35
Patel YC (1984) Radioimmunoassay of somatostatin‐related peptides. In: Larner J, Pohl SL (eds) Methods in Diabetes Research, Vol I: Laboratory Methods, Part B, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 307–327
Patel YC (1997) Molecular pharmacology of somatostatin receptor subtypes. J Clin Invest 20:348–367
Patel YC, Greenwood M, Panetta R, Hukovic N, Grigorakis S, Robertson LA, Srikant CB (1996) Molecular biology of somatostatin receptor subtypes. Metab Clin Exp 45, Suppl:31–38
Patel YC, Reichlin S (1979) Somatostatin. In: Jaffe BM, Behrman HR (eds) Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay. 2nd edn, Academic Press, New York, pp 77–99
Patel YC, Srikant CB (1994) Subtype selectivity of peptide analogs for all five cloned somatostatin receptors (hsstr 1–5). Endocrinology 135:2814–2817
Paton WDM (1957) The action of morphine and related substances on contraction and on acetylcholine output of coaxially stimulated guinea-pig ileum. Br J Pharmacol 12:119–127
Paton WDM, Zar MA (1968) The origin of acetylcholine released from guinea-pig intestine and longitudinal muscle strips. J Physiol 194:13–33
Patterson DJ, Colony PC (1983) Anti-secretory effect of sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid in experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 84:1271
Pauletzki JG, Sharkey KA, Davison JS, Bomzon A, Shaffer EA (1993) Involvement of L-arginine‐nitric oxide pathways in the neural relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. Eur J Pharmacol 232:263–270
Paumgartener G, Probst P, Kraines R, Levy CM (1970) Kinetics of indocyanine green removal from the blood. Ann NY Acad Sci 170:134–147
Pavlov IP (1902) Die physiologische Chirurgie des Verdauungskanals. Ergebn Physiol Abt 1:246–286
Peana A, Satta M, Luigi-Moretti MD, Orecchioni M (1994) A study on choleretic activity of Salvia desoleana essential oil. Planta Med 60:478–479
Pearson DA, Lister-James J, McBride WJ, Wilson DM, Martel LJ, Civitello ER, Taylor JE, Moyer BR, Dean RT (1996) Somatostatin receptor‐binding peptides labeled with technetium-99m: Chemistry and initial biological studies. J Med Chem 39:1361–1371
Peikin SR, Rottman AJ, Batzri S, Gardner JD (1978) Kinetics of amylase release by dispersed acini prepared from guinea pig pancreas. Am J Physiol 235:E743–E749
Pekow CA, Weller RE, Schulte SJ, Lee SP (1995) Dietary induction of cholesterol gallstones in the owl monkey: preliminary findings in a new animal model. Lab Anim Sci 45:657–662
Pencheva N, Itzev D, Milanov P (1999) Comparison of gamma-aminobutyric acid effects in different parts of the cat ileum. Eur J Pharmacol 368:49–56
Pencheva N, Radomirov R (1993) Biphasic GABA-A receptor‐mediated effect on the spontaneous activity of the circular layer in cat terminal ileum. Gen Pharmacol 24:955–960
Pendley CE, Fitzpatrick LR, Capolino AJ, Davis MA, Esterline NJ, Jakubowska A, Bertrand P, Guyon C, Dubroeucq MC, Martin GE (1995) RP 73780, a gastrin/cholecystokininB receptor antagonist with potent anti-ulcer activity in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273:1015–1022
Pendley ChE, Fitzpatrick LR, Ewing RW, Molino BF, Martin GE (1993) The gastrin/cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonist L-365,260 reduces basal acid secretion and prevents gastrointestinal damage induced by aspirin, ethanol and cysteamine in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265:1348–1354
Penhos JC, Voyles N, Lazaraus N, Tanese T, Gutman R, Recant L (1970) Hypoglycemic action of porcine proinsulin in eviscerated, functionally hepatectomized rats. Horm Metab Res 2:43–44
Penhos JC, Wu C-H, Basabe JC, Lopez N, Wolff FW (1969) A rat pancreas-small gut preparation for the study of intestinal factor(s) and insulin release. Diabetes 18:733–738
Percy WH, Miller AJ, Brunz JT (1997) Pharmacological characteristics of rabbit esophageal muscularis mucosae in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 42:2537–2546
Perodi JR, Cho N, Zenilman ME, Barteau JA, Soper NJ, Becker JM (1990) Substance P stimulates the opossum sphincter of Oddi in vitro. J Surg Res 49:197–204
Pesson M, Salle J, Auffret C (1959) Activités cholérétique et cholagogue des dérivés del l'acide cinnamique et de l'acide a-phénylcinnamique. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 119:443–482
Peterkofsky B, Assad R (1976) Submicrosomal localization of prolyl hydroxylase from chick embryo limb bone. J Biol Chem 251:4770–4777
Peterkofsky B, Chojkier M, Bateman J (1982) Determination of collagen synthesis in tissue and cell culture systems. In: Furthmayr H (ed) Immunochemistry of the extracellular matrix. Vol II: Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 19–47
Peterkofsky B, DiBlasio R (1975) Modification of the tritium‐release assays for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases using Dowex-50 columns. Anal Biochem 66:279–286
Petho G, Jocic M, Holzer P (1994) Role of bradykinin in the hyperaemia following acid challenge of rat gastric mucosa. Br J Pharmacol 113:1036–1042
Phillips M, Ramadan M, Hilliard B, Sugaya H, Zekavat A, Günzler V, Bickel M (1997) The regulation of schistosome granuloma formation and fibrosis by anti-fibrogenic treatment: Safironil (HOE 277) and TGFβ1 Mab. Gastroenterology Suppl 122: Abstr. 1358
Phillips SM, Diconza JJ, Gold JA, Reid WA (1977) Schistosomiasis in the congenitally athymic (nude) mouse. Thymic dependency of eosinophilia granuloma formation and host morbidity. J Immunol 118:594–599
Phillips SM, Linette GP, Doughty BL, Byram JE, von Lichtenberg F (1987) In vivo T cell depletion regulates resistance and morbidity in murine schistosomiasis. J Immunol 139:919–924
Philpott DJ, Kirk DR, Butzner JD (1993) Luminal factors stimulate intestinal repair during refeeding of malnourished infant rabbits. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 71:650–656
Pierson ME, Comstock JM, Simmons RD, Kaiser F, Julien R, Zongrone J, Rosamond JD (1997) Synthesis and biological evaluation of potent, selective, hexapeptide CCK-A agonist anorectic agents. J Med Chem 40:4302–4207
Pillai NR (1992) Anti-diarrhoeal activity of Punica granatum in experimental animals. Int J Pharmacognosy 30:201–204
Pinski J, Halmos G, Schally AV (1993a) Somatostatin analog RC-160 and bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 inhibit the growth of androgen‐independent DU-145 human prostate cancer line in nude mice. Cancer Lett 71:1–3
Pinski J, Milanovic S, Yano T, Hamaoui A, Radulovic S, Cai RZ, Schally AV (1992) Biological activity and receptor binding characteristics to various human tumors of acetylated somatostatin analogs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 200:49–56
Pinski J, Reile H, Halmos G, Groot K, Schally AV (1994a) Inhibitory effects of somatostatin analog RC-160 and bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 on growth of androgen‐independent Dunning R-3327-AT-1 rat prostate cancer. Cancer Res 54:169–174
Pinski J, Schally AV, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K (1993b) Effect of somatostatin analog RC-160 and bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 on growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. Int J Cancer 55:963–967
Pinski J, Schally AV, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K, Groot K, O'Byrne K, Cai R-Z (1994b) Effects of somatostatin analogue RC-160 and bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonists on the growth of human small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinomas in mice. Br J Cancer 70:886–892
Pinski J, Yano T, Schally AV (1992) Inhibitory effects of the new bombesin receptor antagonist RC-3095 on the luteinizing hormone release in rats. Neuroendocrinology 56:831–837
Pique JM, Esplugues JV, Whittle BJR (1992) Endogenous nitric oxide as a mediator of gastric mucosal vasodilatation during acid secretion. Gastroenterology 102:168–174
Pique JM, Leung FW, Tan HW, Livingston E, Scremin OU, Guth PH (1988) Gastric mucosal blood flow response to stimulation and inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Gastroenterology 95:642–650
Piqueras L, Corpa JM, Martínez J, Martínez V (2003) Gastric hypersecretion associated to iodoacetamide‐induced mild gastritis in mice. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367:140–150
Pitschner HF, Schlepper M, Schulte B, Volz C, Palm D, Wellstein A (1989) Selective antagonists reveal different functions of M cholinoceptor subtypes in humans. Trends Pharmacol Sci Suppl IV:92–96
Piwko C, Thoss VS, Probst A, Hoyer D (1996) Localization and pharmacological characterization of somatostatin recognition sites in the human cerebellum. Neuropharmacol 35:713–723
Piwko C, Thoss VS, Probst A, Hoyer D (1997a) The elusive nature of cerebellar somatostatin receptors: Studies in rat, monkey and human cerebellum. J Recept Signal Transduction Res 17:385–405
Piwko C, Thoss VS, Schupbacvh E, Kummer J, Langenecker D, Probst A, Hoyer D (1997b) Pharmacological characterization of human cerebral cortex somatostatin SRIF-1 and SRIF-2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 355:161–167
Plamondon H, Lambert C, Merali Z (1998) Sustained bombesin exposure results in receptor down-regulation and tolerance to the chronic but not acute effects of bombesin on ingestion. Brain Res 782:202–211
Plamondon H, Merali Z (1997) Anorectic action of bombesin requires receptor for corticotropin‐releasing factor but not for oxytocin. Eur J Pharmacol 340:99–109
Plusczyk T, Westermann S, Rathgeb D, Feifel G (1997) Acute pancreatitis in rats: Effects of sodium taurocholate, CCK-8, and Sec on pancreatic microcirculation. Am J Physiol, Gastrointest Liver Physiol 272:G310–320
Podolsky DK, Madara JL, King NW, Sehgal PK, Moore R, Winter HS (1988) Colonic mucin composition in primates: selective alterations associated with spontaneous colitis in the cotton-top tamarin. Gastroenterology 88:20–25
Poirot SS, Dufresne M, Jiménez J, Vaysse N, Fourmy D (1992) Biochemical characterization of a subtype pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor and its agonistic binding domain. J Receptor Res 12:233–253
Povoski SP, Zhou W, Longnecker DS, Bell RH Jr (1994) Cholecystokinin receptor characterization and cholecystokinin A receptor messenger RNA expression in transgenic mouse pancreatic carcinomas and dysplastic pancreas. Oncol Res 6:411–417
Powrie F, Leach MW (1995) Genetic and spontaneous models of inflammatory bowel disease in rodents: evidence for abnormalities in mucosal immune regulation. Therap Immunol 2:115–123
Pozo MJ, Salido GM, Madrid JA (1990) Action of cholecystokinin on the dog sphincter of Oddi: Influence of anticholinergic agents. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 98:353–360
Pradhan TK, Katsuno T, Taylor JE, Kim SH, Ryan RR, Mantey SA, Donohue PJ, Weber HC, Sainz E, Battey JF, Coy DH, Jensen RT (1998) Identification of an unique ligand which has high affinity for all four bombesin receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 343:275–287
Praissman M, Martinez PA, Saladino CF, Berkowitz JM, Steggles AW, Finkelstein JA (1983a) Characterization of cholecystokinin binding sites in rat cerebral cortex using a 125I-CCK-8 probe resistant to degradation. J Neurochem 40:1406–1413
Praissman M, Walden ME, Pellecchia C (1983) Identification and characterization of a specific receptor for cholecystokinin on isolated fundic glands from guinea pig gastric mucosa using a biologically active 125I-CCK-8 probe. J Receptor Res 3:647–665
Preiksaitis HG, Laurier G (1998) Pharmacological and molecular characterization of muscarinic receptors in cat esophageal smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285:853–861
Preiksaitis HG, Tremblay L, Diamant NE (1994) Cholinergic responses in the cat lower esophageal sphincter show regional variation. Gastroenterol 196:381–388
Preshaw RM, Grossman MI (1965) Stimulation of pancreatic secretion by extracts of the pyloric gland area of the stomach. Gastroenterology 48:36–44
Preziosi P, D'Amato M, Del Carmine R, Martire M, Pozzoli G, Navarra P (1992) The effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on cisplatin‐induced emesis in the pigeon. Eur J Pharmacol 221:343–350
Pricolo VE, Madhere SM, Finkelstein SD, Reichner JS (1996) Effects of lambda‐carrageenan induced experimental enterocolitis on splenocyte function and nitric oxide production. J Surg Res 66:6–11
Prockop DJ, Berg RA, Kivirikko KI, Uitto J (1976) Intracellular steps in the biosynthesis of collagen. In: Ramachandran GN, Reddi AH (eds) Biochemistry of Collagen. Plenum Press, New York and London, pp 163–273
Protell RL, Silverstein FE, Piercey J, Dennis M, Sprake W, Rubin CE (1976) A reproducible animal model of acute bleeding ulcer – the “ulcer maker”. Gastroenterology 71:961–964
Pscherer A, Dörflinger U, Kirfel J, Gawlas K, Rüschoff J, Buettner R, Schüle R (1996) The helix-loop-helix transcription factor SEF-2 regulates the activity of a novel initiator element in the promoter of the somatostatin receptor II gene. EMBO J 15:6680–6690
Puig-Diví V, Molero X, Salas A, Guarner F, Guarner L, Malagelada JR (1996) Induction of chronic pancreatic disease by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid infusion into rat pancreatic ducts. Pancreas 13:417–424
Qin Y, Ertl T, Cai R-Z, Halmos G, Schally AV (1994a) Inhibitory effect of bombesin receptor antagonist RC-3095 on the growth of human pancreatic cells in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Res 54:1035–1041
Qin Y, Ertl T, Cai R-Z, Horvath JE, Croot K, Schally AV (1995) Antagonists of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide inhibit growth of SW-1990 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and production of cyclic AMP. Int J Cancer 63:257–262
Qin Y, Halmos G, Cai R-Z, Szoke B, Ertl T, Schally AV (1994b) Bombesin antagonists inhibit in vitro and in vivo growth of human gastric cancer and binding of bombesin to its receptors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 120:519–528
Rachmilewitz D, Okon E, Karmell F (1997) Sulfhydryl blocker induced small intestinal inflammation in rats: A new model mimicking Crohn's disease. Gut 41:358–365
Radimirow R, Pencheva N, Stoyneva I, Lazowa L (1994) Opioid effects of short enkephalin fragments containing the Gly-Phe sequence on contractile responses of guinea pig ileum. Gen Pharmacol 25:303–309
Radulovic S, Cai R-C, Serfozo P, Groot K, Redding TW, Pinski J, Schally AV (1991) Biological effects and receptor binding affinities of new pseudononapeptide bombesin/CRP receptor antagonists with N-terminal D-Trp or D-Tpi. Int J Peptide Protein Res 38:593–600
Radulovic S, Schally AV, Reile H, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K, Groot K, Milovanovic S, Miller G, Yang T (1994) Inhibitory effects of antagonists of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) and somatostatin analog (RC-160) on growth of HT-29 human colon cancers in nude mice. Acta Oncol 33:693–701
Raffa RB, Mathiasen JR, Jacoby HI (1987) Colonic bead expulsion time in normal and µ-opioid receptor deficient (CXBK) mice following central (icv) administration of µ- and δ-opioid agonists. Life Sci 41:2229–2234
Raynor K, Coy DC, Reisine T (1992) Analogues of somatostatin bind selectively to brain somatostatin receptor subtypes. J Neurochem 59:1241–1250
Raynor K, Lucke I, Reisine T (1993a) Somatostatin1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens selectively mediate the stimulatory effect of somatostatin on locomotor activity in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265:67–73
Raynor K, Murphy WA, Coy DH, Taylor JE, Moreau JP, Yasuda K, Bell GI, Reisine T (1993b) Cloned somatostatin receptors: Identification of subtype‐selective peptides and demonstration of high affinity binding of linear peptides. Molecul Pharmacol 43:838–844
Raynor K, O'Carroll AM, Kong H, Yasuda K, Mahan LC, Bell GI, Reisine T (1993c) Characterization of cloned somatostatin receptors SSTR4 and SSTR5. Mol Pharmacol 44:385–392
Reber HA, Karanjia ND, Alvarez C, Widdison AL, Leung FW, Ashley SW, Lutrin FJ (1992) Pancreatic blood flow in cats with chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterol 103:652–659
Reber PU, Patel AG, Toyama MT, Ashley SW, Reber HA (1999) Feline model of chronic obstructive pancreatitis: effects of acute pancreatic duct decompression on blood flow and interstitial pH. Scand J Gastroenterol 34:439–444
Reeves JJ, Bunce KT, Humphrey PPA (1991) Investigation into the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor mediating smooth muscle relaxation in the rat oesophagus. Br J Pharmacol 103:1067–1072
Reinhardt D, Wagner J, Schümann HJ (1974) Differentiation of H1- and H2-receptors mediating positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to histamine on atrial preparations of the guinea-pig. Agents Actions 4:217–221
Reisine T, Bell GI (1995) Molecular properties of somatostatin receptors. Neurosci 67:777–790
Remie R, Rensema JW, Havinga R, Kuipers F (1991) The permanent bile fistula rat model. Progr Pharmacol Clin Pharmacol 8:127–145
Remie R, Rensema JW, Van Dongen JJ (1990) Perfusion of the isolated gut in vivo. In: Van Dongen JJ, Rensema JW, Van Wunnik (eds) Manual of microsurgery in the rat. Part I. Elsevier Science Publ., pp 255–274
Remie R, Rensema JW, van Wunnik GHJ, van Dongen JJ (1990) Permanent double bile fistula (with intact enterohepatic circulation). In: van Dongen JJ, Remie R, Rensema JW, van Wunnik GHJ (eds) Manual of microsurgery on the laboratory rat. Vol I, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 201–212
Renner IG, Wisner JR, Lavingne BC (1986) Partial restoration of pancreatic function by exogenous secretin in rats with caeruletide‐induced acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 31:305–313
Rens-Domiano S, Law SF, Yamada Y, Seino S, Bell GI, Reisine T (1992) Pharmacological properties of two cloned somatostatin receptors. Mol Pharmacol 42:28–34
Reubi JC, Schaer JC, Wenger S, Hoeger C, Erchegyi J, Waser B, Rivier J (2000) SST3-selective potent peptidic somatostatin receptor antagonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:13973–13978
Revel L, Mennuni L, Garofalo P, Makovec F (1998) CR 2945: a novel CCKB receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like activity. Behav Pharmacol 9:183–194
Reynell PC, Spray GH (1956) The simultaneous measurement of absorption and transit in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. J Physiol 131:452–462
Reyntjens A, Verlinden M, Schuurkes J, van Nueten J, Janssen PAJ (1984) New approach to gastrointestinal motor dysfunction: non-antidopaminergic, non-cholinergic stimulation with cisapride. Curr Ther Res 36:1029–1037
Riazi-Farzad B, Nicholls PJ, Sewell RD (1996) Sensitivity differences to 5-HT and carbachol in subsections of the isolated rat stomach fundus strip: an improved preparation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 35:217–221
Richards (1990) Rat hippocampal muscarinic autoreceptors are similar to the M2 (cardiac) subtype: comparison with hippocampal M1, atrial M2 and ileal M3 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 99:753–761
Richardson CT, Peterson WL (1988) Clinical pharmacology of antacids In: Bianchi-Porro G, Richardson CT (eds) Antacids in Peptic Ulcer Disease. Raven Press, New York,pp 3–16
Ritz R, Cavanilles J, Michaels SBA, Shubin H, Weil MH (1973) Disappearance of indocyanine green during circulatory shock. Surg Gynecol Obstet 136:57–62
Ritzpatrick R, Bostwick JSD, Renzetti M, Pendleton RG, Decktor DL (1990) Antiinflammatory effects of various drugs on acetic acid induced colitis in the rat. Agents Actions 30:393–402
Roberge JN, Gronau KA, Brubaker PL (1996) Gastrin‐releasing peptide is a novel mediator of proximal nutrient‐induced proglucagon‐derived peptide secretion from the distal gut. Endocrinology 137:2383–2388
Robert A (1979) Cytoprotection by prostaglandins. Gastroenterology 77:761–767
Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, Badalamenti JM (1974) Cysteamine‐induced duodenal ulcers: A new model to test anti-ulcer drugs. Digestion 11:199–214
Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, Hanchar AJ (1979) Cytoprotection by prostaglandins in rats. Prevention of gastric necrosis produced by alcohol, HCl, NaOH, hypertonic NaCl, and thermal injury. Gastroenterology 77:433–443
Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, Hanchar AJ, Klepper MS (1976) Enteropooling assay: a test for diarrhea produced by prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 11:809–828
Robichaud A, Savoie C, Stamatiou PB, Tattersall FD, Chan CC (2001) PDE4 inhibitors induce emesis in ferrets via a noradrenergic pathway. Neuropharmacology 40:262–269
Robichaud A, Tattersall FD, Choudhury I, Rodger IW (1999) Emesis induced by inhibitors of type IV cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE IV) in the ferret. Neuropharmacology 38:289–297
Roda A, Aldini R, Grigolo B, Simoni P, Roda E, Pellicciari R, Lenzi PL, Natalini B (1988) 23-Methyl-3a,7b-dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oic acid: Dose-response study of biliary secretion in rat. Hepatol 8:1571–1576
Rodriguez I, Matsuura K, Ody C, Nagata S, Vassalli P (1996) Systemic injection of a tripeptide inhibits the intracellular activation of CPP32-like proteases in vivo and fully protects mice against Fas-mediated fulminant liver destruction and death. J Exp Med 184:2067–2072
Roesler R, Henriques JAP, Schwartsmann G (2004) Neuropeptides and anxiety disorders: bombesin receptors as novel therapeutic targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:241–242
Rohrer L, Raulf F, Bruns Ch, Buettner R, Hofstaedter F, Schüle R (1993) Cloning and characterization of a fourth human somatostatin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 90:4196–4200
Rohrer SP, Birzin ET, Mosley ET, Berk SC, Hutchins SM, Shen DM, Xiong Y, Hayes EC, Parmar RM, Foor F, Mitra SW, Degrado SJ, Shu M, Klopp JM, Cai SJ, Blake A, Chan WWS, Pasternak A, Yang L, Patchett AA, Smith RG, Chapman KT, Schaeffer JM (1998) Rapid identification of subtype‐selective agonists of the somatostatin receptor through combinatorial chemistry. Science 282:737–740
Rohrer SP, Schaeffer JM (2000) Identification and characterization of subtype selective somatostatin receptor agonists. J Physiol (Paris) 94:211–215
Rosenberg EW, Fischer RW (1964) DNCB allergy in the guinea-pig colon. Arch Dermatol 89:99–112
Rossowski WJ, Coy DH (1994) Specific inhibition of rat pancreatic insulin or glucagon release by receptor‐selective somatostatin analogs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 205:341–346
Rossowski WJ, Jing N-Y, Coy DH (1997) Adrenomedullin, amylin, calcitonin-gene related peptide and their fragments are potent inhibitors of gastric secretion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 336:51–63
Roszkowski AP, Garay GL, Baker S, Schuler M, Carter H (1986) Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of enprostil, (±)-11α,15α,dihydroxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-9-oxoprosta-4,5,13(t)-trienoic acid methyl ester. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 239:382–389
Rouissi N, Rhaleb NE, Nantel F, Dion S, Drapeau G, Regoli D (1991) Characterization of bombesin receptors in peripheral contractile organs. Br J Pharmacol 103:1141–1147
Rouzade ML, Fioramonti J, Bueno L (1996) Role des recepteurs de 5-HT3 dans le controle par la cystokinine des relaxantions transitoires du sphincter inferieur de l'oesophage chez le chien. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 20:575–580
Rubin B, Laffan RJ, Kotler DG, O'Keefe EH, Demaio DA, Goldberg ME (1978) SQ 14,225 (D-3-mercapto-2-methylropanoyl-L-proline), a novel orally active inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 204:71–280
Ruckebusch M, Fioramonti J (1975) Electrical spiking activity and propulsion in small intestine in fed and fasted rats. Gastroenterology 68:1500–1508
Rudd JA, Jordan CC, Naylor RJ (1996) The action of the NK1 tachykinin receptor antagonist, CP 99,994 in antagonizing the acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin in the ferret. Br J Pharmacol 119:931–936
Rudick J, Szabo T (1976) The use of gastric pouches in gastric physiology: I. Techniques in the preparation of gastric pouches. Mt Sinai J Med 43:423–439
Rudolphi A, Bonhagen K, Reimann J (1996) Polyclonal expansion of adoptively transferred CD4+ α β T cells in the colonic lamina propria of scid mice with colitis. Eur J Immunol 26:1156–1163
Rupniak NMJ, Tattersall FD, Williams AR, Rycroft W, Carlson EJ, Cascieri MA, Sadowski S, Ber E, Hale JJ, Mills SG, McCoss M, Seward E, Huscroft I, Owen S, Swain CJ, Hill RG, Hargreaves RJ (1997) In vitro and in vivo predictors of the anti-emetic activity of tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 326:201–209
Rupniak NMJ, Williams AR (1994) Differential inhibition of foot tapping and chromodacyorrhea in gerbils by CNS penetrant and non-penetrant tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 265:179–183
Rushing PA, Gibbs J (1998) Prolongation of intermeal interval by gastrin‐releasing peptide depends on time of delivery. Peptides 19:1439–1442
Russell JA (1942) The anterior pituitary in the carbohydrate metabolism of the eviscerated rat. Am J Physiol 136:95–104
Rutishauser SCB, Ali AE, Jeffrey IJM, Hunt LP, Braganza JM (1995) Towards an animal model of chronic pancreatitis: Pancreatobiliary secretion in hamsters with long-term treatment with chemical inducers of cytochromes P450. Int J Pancreatology 18:117–126
Rutishauser SCB, Ali AE, Yates N, Jeffrey IJM, Brannigan S, Guyan PM, Hunt LP, Braganza JM (1991) Comparison of pancreatic and hepatic secretory function in hamsters fed low and high fat diets. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:613–621
Ryan J, Cohen S (1976) Gallbladder pressure‐volume response to gastrointestinal hormones. Am J Physiol 230:1461–1465
Ryan RR, Weber HC, Hou W, Sainz E, Mantey SA, Battey JF, Coy DH, Jensen RT (1998) Ability of various bombesin receptor agonists and antagonists to alter intracellular signalling of the human orphan receptor BRS-3. J Biol Chem 273:13613–13624
Saccomani G, Stewart HB, Shaw D, Lewin M, Sachs G (1977) Characterization of gastric mucosal membranes. IX. Fractionation and purification of K+-ATPase‐containing vesicles by zonal centrifugation and free-flow electrophoresis technique. Biochim Biophys Acta 465:311–330
Saccone GTP, Liu YF, Thune A, Harvey JR, Baker RA, Toouli J (1992) Erythromycin and motilin stimulate sphincter of Oddi motility and inhibit trans-sphincteric flow in the Australian possum. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 346:701–706
Sachs G, Shin JM, Besancon M, Pinz C (1993) The continuing development of gastric acid pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 7 (Suppl 1):4–12
Sachs G, Shin JM, Briving C, Wallmark B, Hersey S (1995) The pharmacology of the gastric acid pump: the K+/H+-ATPase. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 35:277–305
Sack J, Spenney JG (1982) Aminopyrine accumulation by mammalian gastric glands: an analysis of the technique. Am J Physiol 243:G313–G319
Sagrada A, Schiavi GB, Cereda E, Ladinsky H (1994) Antagonistic properties of McNeil-A-343 at 5-HT4 and 5-HT3 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 113:711–716
Saha JK, Hirano I, Goyal RK (1993) Biphasic effect of sodium nitroprusside on esophageal longitudinal muscle: Involvement of cGMP and eicosanoids. Am J Physiol 265 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 28):G403–G407
Saito A, Goldfine ID, Williams JA (1981) Characterization of receptors for cholecystokinin and related peptides in mouse cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 37:483–490
Saito A, Williams JA, Kanno T (1980) Potentiation of cholecystokinin‐induced exocrine secretion by both endogenous and exogenous insulin in isolated and perfused rat pancreata. J Clin Invest 65:777–782
Sakai Y (1996) Experimental study on roles of endotoxin and PAF (platelet activating factor) in the development of severe acute pancreatitis. J Saitama Med Sch 23:145–157
Sakamoto M, Ueno T, Nakamura T, Sakata R, Hasimoto O, Torimura R, Sata M (2005) Improvement of portal hypertension and hepatic blood flow in cirrhotic rats by oestrogen. Eur J Clin Invest 35:220–225
Salapatek AMF, Hynna-Liepert T, Diamant NE (1992) Mechanism of action of cholecystokinin octapeptide on cat lower esophageal sphincter. Am J Physiol 263 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 26):G419–G425
Sanvito F, Nichols A, Herrere PL, Huarte J, Wohlwend A, Vassalli JD, Orci L (1995) TGFβ 1 overexpression in murine pancreas induces chronic pancreatitis and, together with TNFα, triggers insulin‐dependent diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 217:1279–1286
Sari R, Szilvássy Z, Jacab I, Nagy I, Lonovics J (1998) Cross tolerance between nitroglycerine and neural relaxation of the rabbit sphincter of Oddi. Pharmacol Res 37:505–512
Sarles JC (1986) Hormonal control of sphincter of Oddi. Dig Dis Sci 31:208–212
Sarna SK (1985) Cyclic motor activity migrating complex. Gastroenterology 89:894–913
Sarna SK, Condon R, Cowles V (1984) Colonic migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in dogs. Am J Physiol 246:G355–G360
Sarna SK, Condon RE (1984) Morphine‐initiated migrating myoelectric complexes in the fed state in dogs. Gastroenterology 86:662–669
Sarr MG, Kelly KA, Phillips SF (1981) Feeding augments canine jejunal absorption via a hormonal mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 26:961–965
Sartor RB (1997) Review article: How relevant to human inflammatory bowel disease are current animal models of intestinal inflammation? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 11, Suppl 3:70–89–97
Sasaki I, Tanaka K, Fujita T, Murakami M, Yamamoto A, Muranishi S (1995) Intestinal absorption of azetirelin, a new thyrotropin‐releasing hormone analogue. II. In situ and in vitro absorption characteristics of azetirelin from the rat intestine. Biol Pharm Bull 18:976–979
Sato M, Furukawa F, Nishikawa A, Imazawa T, Yoshimura H, Suzuki J, Nakamura K, Takahshi M (1993) Effect of cyclohexamide on spontaneous testicular and pancreatic lesions in WBN/Kob rats. Bull Nat Inst Hyg Sci 111:34–38
Satoh H, Inatomi M, Nagaya H, Inada I, Nohara A, Nakamura N, Maki Y (1989) Antisecretory and antiulcer activities of a novel proton pump inhibitor AG-1749 in dogs and rats. J Pharm Exp Ther 248:806–815
Saunders KD, Cates JA, Abedin MZ, Rege S, Festekdjian SF, Howard W, Roslyn JJ (1991) Lovostatin inhibits gallstone formation in the cholesterol-fed prairie dog. Ann Surg 214:149–154
Scarpignato C, Corradi C, Gandolfi MA, Galmiche JP (1995) A new technique for continuous measurement and recording of gastric potential difference in the rat: evaluation of NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 34:63–72
Schemann M, Ehrlein HJ, Sahyoun H (1985) Computerised method for pattern recognition of intestinal motility: functional significance of the spread of contractions. Med Biol Eng Comput 23:143–149
Schepp W, Schmidtler J, Riedel T, Dehne K, Schusdziarra V, Holst JJ, Eng J, Raufman JP, Classen M (1994) Exendin-4 and exendin-(9–39)NH2: Agonist and antagonist, respectively, at the rat parietal cell receptor for glucagon-like peptide-1-(7–36)NH2. Eur J Pharmacol Mol Pharmacol Sect 269:183–191
Schilling RJ, Mitra AK (1990) Intestinal mucosal transport of insulin. Int J Pharm 62:53–64
Schilling RJ, Mitra AK (1992) Pharmacodynamics of insulin following intravenous and enteral administrations of porcine-zinc insulin to rats. Pharmaceut Res 9:1003–1009
Schmidt WE, Creutzfeldt C, Höcker M, Nustede R, Choudhury AR, Schleser A, Rovati LC, Fölsch UR (1991) Cholecystokinin receptor antagonist loxiglumide modulates plasma levels of gastro‐entero‐pancreatic hormones in man. Eur J Clin Invest 21:501–511
Schonbrunn A, Lee AB, Brown PJ (1993) Characterization of a biotinylated somatostatin analog as a receptor probe. Endocrinology 132:146–154
Schulz S, Schmidt H, Handel M, Schreff M, Hollt V (1998) Differential distribution of alternatively spliced somatostatin receptor 2 isoforms SST2A and SST2B in rat spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 257:37–40
Schuurkes JAJ, van Nueten JM, van Daele PGH, Reyntjens AJ, Janssen PAJ (1985) Motor-stimulating properties of cisapride on isolated gastrointestinal preparations of the guinea pig. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 234:775–783
Schwaier A (1979) Tupaias (tree shrews) – a new animal model for gallstone research. I. First observation of gallstones. Res Exp Med (Berl) 176:15–24
Schwaier A, Weis HJ, van der Linden J (1979) Tupaias (tree shrews) – a new animal model for gallstone research. II. Influence of fat, sugar, and cholesterol on bile composition. Exp Med (Berl) 176:157–172
Schäfer H (1990) Glucose disappearance rates into peripheral tissues of adult rabbits (Sivilagus floridans), Wistar rats (Rattus rattus) and sand rats (Psammomys obesus) in relation to body weight and blood glucose concentration. Com Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol 95:209–213
Schäfer U, Harhammer R, Boomgaarden M, Sohr R, Ott T, Henklein P, Repke H (1994) Binding of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) peptide derivates to CCKA and CCKB receptors. J Neurochem 62:1426–1431
Schümann K, Hunder G (1996) A modified device for the differentiated study of intestinal transfer in isolated intestinal segments from mice and suckling rats in vitro. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 36:211–217
Selve N, Friderichs E, Graudums I (1992) EM 405: a new compound with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and no gastrointestinal side-effects. Agents Actions. Special Conference Issue, C84–C85
Selve N, Wöhrmann T (1992) Intestinal inflammation in TNBS sensitized rats as a model of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Mediat Inflamm 1:121–126
Selye H, Szabo S (1973) Experimental model for production of perforating duodenal ulcer by cysteamine in the rat. Nature 244:458–459
Semple HA, Tam YK, O'Brien DW (1990) Physiological modelling of the hepatic interaction between food and hydralazine in the conscious dog. Pharmaceut Res 7:S223
Sepelyak RJ, Feldkamp JR, Regnier FE, White JL, Hem SL (1984) Adsorption of pepsin by aluminium hydroxide. II. Pepsin inactivation. J Pharm Sci 73:1517–1522
Sethi T, Herget T, Wu SV, Walsh JH, Rozengurt E (1993) CCKA and CCKB receptors are expressed in small cell lung cancer lines and mediate Ca2+ mobilization and clonal growth. Cancer Res 53:5208–5213
Severi C, Jensen RT, Erspamer V, D'Arpino L, Coy DH, Torsoli A, Delle Fabre G (1991) Different receptors mediate the action of bombesin-like peptides in gastric smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 260:G683–G690
Sewing KF, Beil W, Hackbarth I, Hannemann H (1986) Effect of substituted benzimidazoles on H+/K+ATPase of isolated guinea-pig parietal cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 21, Suppl 118:52–53
Sewing KF, Beil W, Hannemann H (1988) Comparative pharmacology of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Drugs 33 (Suppl 3):25–29
Sewing KF, Beil W, Hannemann H, Hackbarth I (1985) The adenylate cyclase‐cyclic AMP-protein kinase system in different cell populations of the guinea-pig gastric mucosa. Life Sci 12:1097–1106
Sewing KF, Harms P, Schulz G, Hannemann H (1983) Effect of substituted benzimidazoles on acid secretion in isolated and enriched guinea pig parietal cells. Gut 24:557–560
Seymour NE, Spector S, Andersen DK, Elm MS, Whitcomb DC (1998) Overexpression of hepatic pancreatic polypeptide receptors in chronic pancreatitis. J Surg Res 76:47–52
Seymour NE, Volpert AR, Lee EL, Andersen DK, Hernandez C, Nealon WH, Brunicardi CF, Gadacz TR (1995) Alterations in hepatocyte insulin binding in chronic pancreatitis: effects of pancreatic polypeptide. Am J Surg 169:105–110
Shahbazian A, Raichev P, Sandeva R, Kalfin R, Milenov K (1999) Effects of bombesin on the canine gallbladder motility: In vivo and in vitro experiments. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 23:39–45
Shankley NP, Black JW, Ganellin CR, Mitchell RC (1988) Correlation between log Poct/H2O and pKB estimates for a series of muscarinic and histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 94:264–274
Shay H, Komarow SA, Fels SS, Meranze D, Gruenstein M, Siplet H (1945) A simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in the rat. Gastroenterol 5:43–61
Shay H, Sun DCH, Gruenstein M (1954) A quantitative method for measuring spontaneous gastric secretion in the rat. Gastroenterology 26:906–913
Shetzline MA, Zipf WB, Nishikawara MT (1998) Pancreatic polypeptide: Identification of target tissues using an in vivo radioreceptor assay. Peptides 19:279–289
Shibata Y, Taruishi M, Ashida T (1993) Experimental ileitis in dogs and colitis in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid – Colonoscopic and histopathologic studies. Gastroenterol Jpn 28:518–527
Shima Y, Mori M, Harano M, Tsuge H, Tanak N, Yamazato T (1998) Nitric oxide mediates cerulein‐induced relaxation of canine sphincter of Oddi. Dig Dis Sci 43:547–553
Shimizu N, Fujii Y, Saito Y, Yamaguchi Y, Aoki T (1997) Age-related copper, zinc, and iron metabolism in Long-Evans cinnamon rats and copper eliminating effects of D-penicillamine and trienthine 2 HCl. J Trace Elem Exp Med 10:49–59
Shimon I, Taylor JE, Dong JZ, Bitonte RA, Kim S, Morgan B, Coy DH, Culler MD, Melmed S (1997) Somatostatin receptor subtype specificity in human fetal pituitary cultures. Differential role of SSTR2 and SSTR5 for growth hormone, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and prolactin regulation. J Clin Invest 99:789–798
Shintani N, Nakajima T, Nakaburo H, Nagai H, Kagitani Y, Takizawa H, Asakura H (1997) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate in rats. Clin Exp Immunol 108:340–345
Shook JE, Burks TF, Wasley JWF, Norman JA (1989) Novel calmodulin antagonist CGS 9343B inhibits secretory diarrhea. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 251:247–252
Shook JE, Lemcke PK, Gehring CA, Hruby VJ, Burks TF (1989) Antidiarrheal properties of supraspinal mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors: Inhibition of diarrhea without constipation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 249:83–90
Shull GE, Lingrel JB (1986) Molecular cloning of the rat stomach (H+/K+)-ATPase. J Biol Chem 261:16788–16791
Siegfried JM, Krishnamachary N, Gaither-Davis A, Gubish C, Hunt JD, Shriver SP (1999) Evidence for autocrine actions of neuromedin B and gastrin‐releasing peptide in non-small lung cancer. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 12:291–302
Siehler S, Seuwen K, Hoyer DF (1998) [125I]Tyr10-cortistatin14 labels all five somatostatin receptors. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 357:483–489
Sikiric P, Mikus D, Seiwerth S, Grabarevic Z, Rucman R, Petec M, Jagic V, Turkuvic B, Rotkvic I, Mise S, Zorocic I, Peric J, Konjevoda P, Perovic D, Jurina L, Hanzevacki M, Separovic J, Gjurasin M, Jadrijevic S, Jelovac N, Miklic P, Buljat G, Marovic A (1997) Pentadecapeptide BCP 157, cimetidine, ranitidine, bromocryptine, and atropine effect in cysteamine lesions in totally gastrectomized rats: A model for cytoprotection studies. Dig Dis Sci 42:1029–1037
Silbart LK, McAleer F, Rasmussen MV, Goslinoski L, Keren DF, Finley A, Kruningen HJV, Winchell MJ (1996) Selective induction of mucosal immune response to 2-acetylaminofluorene. Anticancer Res 16:651–660
Simmons RD, Kaiser FC, Pierson ME, Rosamond JR (1998) ARL 15849: A selective CCK-A agonist with anorectic activity in the rat and dog. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59:439–444
Simon MA, Romero B, Calle C (1988) Characterization of somatostatin binding sites in isolated rat adipocytes. Regul Pept 23:261–270
Singh L, Field MJ, Hill DR, Horwell DC, McKnight AT, Roberts E, Tang KW, Woodruff GN (1995) Peptoid CCK receptor antagonists: pharmacological evaluation of CCKA, CCKB and mixed CCKA/B receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 286:185–191
Sjogren RW, Colleton C, Shea-Donohue T (1994) Intestinal myoelectric response in two different models of acute enteric inflammation. Am J Physiol 30:G329–G337
Slaninova J, Knapp RJ, Weber SJ, Davis TP, Fang SN, Hruby VJ, Yamamura HI (1995) [125I]SNF 8702: A selective radioligand for CCKB receptors. Peptides 16:221–224
Sledzinski Z, Wozniak M, Antosiewicz J, Lezoche E, Familiari M, Bertoli E, Greci L, Brunelli A, Mazera N, Wajda Z (1995) Protective effect of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, a low molecular weight superoxide dismutase mimic, on free radical toxicity in experimental pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 18:153–160
Slivka A, Chuttani R, Carr-Locke DL, Kobzik L, Bredt DS, Loscalzo J, Stamler JS (1994) Inhibition of sphincter Oddi function by the nitric oxide carrier S-nitroso-N-acetylcystein in rabbits and humans. J Clin Invest 94:1792–1798
Smid SD, Page AJ, O'Donnell T, Langman J, Rowland R, Blackshaw LA (1998) Oesophagitis‐induced changes in capsaicin‐sensitive tachykinergic pathways in the ferret lower oesophageal sphincter. Neurogastroenterol Motil 10:405–411
Smit MJ, Leurs R, Alewijnse EA, Blauw J, van Nieuw-Amerongen GP, van der Vrede Y, Roovers E, Timmerman H (1996) Inverse agonism of histamine H2 antagonists accounts for up-regulation of spontaneously active histamine H2 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6802–6807
Smith GM, Lawrence AJ, Colin-Jones DG, Schild HO (1970) The assay of gastrin using the perfused rat stomach. Br J Pharmacol 38:206–213
Smith J, Perez S, Rushing PA, Smith GP, Gibbs J (1997) Gastrin releasing peptide-1–27 unlike bombesin, does not reduce sham feeding in rats. Peptides 18:1465–1467
Smith JP, Rickabaugh CA, Mc Laughlin PJ, Zagon IS (1993) Cholecystokinin receptors and PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Physiol, Gastrointest Liver Physiol 265:G149–G155
Smith OLK (1986) Protein degradation in skeletal muscles after evisceration of fed or fasted rats. Am J Physiol 251:E379–E384
Smith OLK, Wong CY, Gelfand RA (1990) Influence of glucocorticoids on skeletal muscle proteolysis in normal and diabetic‐adrenalectomized eviscerated rats. Metabolism 39:641–646
Snoj M, Ar'Rajab A, Ahrén B, Bengmark S (1992) Effect of phosphatidylcholine on postoperative adhesions after small bowel anastomosis in the rat. Br J Surg 79:427–429
Soll AH (1978) The actions of secretagogues on oxygen uptake by isolated mammalian parietal cells. J Clin Invest 61:370–378
Sone H, Maeda M, Wakabayashi K, Takeichi N, Mori M, Sigimura T, Nagao M (1996) Inhibition of hereditary hepatitis and liver tumor development in Long-Evans cinnamon rats by the copper chelating agent trientine dihydrochloride. Hepatology 23:764–770
Spalding TA, Trotter C, Skjærbæk N, Messier TL, Currier EA, Burstein ES, Li D, Hacksell U, Brann MR (2002) Discovery of an ectopic activation site on the M1 muscarinic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 61:1297–1302
Spannagel AW, Green GM, Guan D, Liddle RA, Faull K, Reeve JR Jr (1996) Purification and characterization of a luminal cholecystokinin‐releasing factor from rat intestinal secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:4415–4420
Spindel AR, Giladi E, Segerson TP, Nagalla S (1993) Bombesin-like peptides: of ligands and receptors. Recent Progr Horm Res 48:365–391
Srikant CB, Dahan A, Craig C (1990) Receptor binding of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 in rat brain: differential modulation by nucleotides and ions. Regul Pept 27:181–194
Srikant CB, Heisler S (1985) Relationship between receptor binding and biopotency of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 in mouse pituitary tumor cells. Endocrinology 117:271–278
Stadnicki A, Sartor RB, Janardham R, Majluf-Cruz A, Kettner CA, Adam AA, Colman RW (1998) Specific inhibition of plasma kallikrein modulates chronic granulomatous intestinal and systemic inflammation in genetically susceptible rats. FASEB J 12:325–333
Stam R, Kroese ABA, Croiset G, Wiegant VM, Akkermans LM (1995) Computer analysis of the migrating motility complex of the small intestine recorded in freely moving rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 33:129–136
Stanovnik L, Logonder-Mlinšek M, Erjavec F (1988) The effect of compound 48/80 and of electric field stimulation in mast cells in the isolated mouse stomach. Agents Actions 23:300–303
Starrett JE, Montzka TA, Crosswell AR, Cavanagh RL (1989) Synthesis and biological activity of 3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as antiulcer agents. J Med Chem 32:2204–2210
Steigerwalt RW, Goldfine ID, Williams JA (1984) Characterization of cholecystokinin receptors on bovine gallbladder membranes. Am J Physiol 247:G709–G714
Stein TA, Keegan L, Auguste LJ, Bailey B, Wise L (1993) Stress induced experimental colitis. Mediat Inflamm 2:253–256
Steiner TS, Mangel AW, McVey DC, Vigna SR (1993) Secretin receptors mediating rat stomach relaxation. Am J Physiol, Gastrointest Liver Physiol 264:G863–G867
Sterczer A, Voros K, Karsal F (1996) Effect of cholagogues on the volume of the gallbladder of dogs. Res Vet Sci 60:44–47
Stoll AH (1980) Secretagogue stimulation of [14C]aminopyrine accumulation by isolated canine parietal cells. Am J Physiol 238 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 1):G366–G375
Stolz B, Smith-Jones P, Albert R, Tolcsvai L, Briner U, Ruser G, Macke H (1996) Somatostatin analogues for somatostatin‐receptor‐mediated radiotherapy of cancer. Digestion 57, Suppl 1:17–21
Stolz B, Weckbecker G, Smith-Jones PM, Albert R, Raulf F, Bruns C (1998) The somatostatin receptor‐targeted radiotherapeutic 90Y-DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide (90Y-SMT487) eradicates experimental rat pancreatic Ca 20948 tumors. Eur J Nucl Med 25:668–674
Stone BG, Udani M, Sanghvi A, Warty V, Plocki K, Bedetti CD, Van Thiel DH (1987) Cyclosporin-A-induced cholestasis. The mechanism in a rat model. Gastroenterology 93:344–351
Straub W, Viaud P (1933) Studien über Darmmotilität. I. Methodik. Arch Exper Path Pharmakol 169:1–8
Sugawara N, Ikeda T, Lai YR, Sugawara C (1999) The effect of subcutaneous tetrathiomolybdate administration on copper and iron metabolism, including their regional distribution in the brain, in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, a bona fide animal model for Wilson's disease. Pharmacol Toxicol 84:211–217
Sugiyama M, Kobori O, Atomi Y, Wada N, Kuroda A, Muto T (1996b) Pancreatic exocrine function during acute exacerbation in WBN/Kob rats with spontaneous chronic pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatology 20:191–196
Sugiyama M, Kobory O, Atomi Y, Wada N, Kuroda A, Muto T (1996) Effect of oral administration of protease inhibitor on pancreatic exocrine function in WBN/Kob rats with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 13:71–79
Sukumar P, Loo A, Magur E, Nandi J, Oler A, Levine RA (1997) Dietary supplementation of nucleotides and arginine promotes healing of small bowel ulcers in experimental ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 42:1530–1536
Sun B, Halmos G, Schally AV, Wang X, Martinez M (2000) Presence of receptors for bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide an mRNA for three receptor subtypes in human prostate cancers. Prostate 42:295–303
Sundqvist K, Liu Y, Nair J, Bartsch H, Arvidson K, Grafström C (1989) Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of areca nut-related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells. Cancer Res 49:5294–5298
Susini C, Esteve JP, Vaysse N, Pradayrol L, Ribet A (1980) Somatostatin 28: effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion in conscious dogs. Gastroenterology 79:720–724
Suzui M, Ushijama T, Yoshimi N, Nakagama H, Hara A, Sugimura T, Nagao M, Mori H (1997) No involvement of APC gene mutations in ulcerative colitis‐associated rat colon carcinogenesis induced by 1-hydroxyanthraquinone and methylazoxymethanol acetate. Mol Carcinog 20:389–393
Suzuki A (1998) The dominant role of CPP32 subfamily in fas-mediated hepatitis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 217:450–454
Suzuki KT (1997) Selective removal of copper accumulating in a form bound to metallothionein in the liver of LEC rats by tetrathiomolybdate. J Trace Elem Exp Med 10:101–109
Svensson AL, Alafuzoff I, Nordberg A (1992) Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in Alzheimer and control brain cortices by selective muscarinic antagonists. Brain Res 596:142–148
Svoboda M, Tastenoy M, De Neef P, Delporte C, Waelbroeck M, Robberecht P (1998) Molecular cloning and in vitro properties of the recombinant rabbit secretin receptor. Peptides 19:1055–1062
Szabo S (1978) Animal model: Cysteamine‐induced acute and chronic duodenal ulcer in the rat. Am J Pathol 93:273–276
Szabo S, Haith LR Jr, Reynolds ES (1979) Pathogenesis of duodenal ulceration produced by cysteamine or propionitrile. Influence of vagotomy, sympathectomy, histamine depletion, H-2 receptor antagonists and hormones. Dig Dis Sci 24:471–477
Szabo S, Trier JS, Frankel PW (1981) Sulfhydryl compounds may mediate gastric cytoprotection. Science 214:200–202
Szelenyi I (1981) An isolated mammalian stomach preparation for studying the effect of substances on gastric acid secretion. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 31:998–1000
Szelenyi I, Engler H, Herzog P, Postius S, Vergin H, Holtermüller KH (1982) Influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds on healing of chronic gastric ulcers. Agents Actions 12:180–182
Szelenyi I, Herold H, Göthert M (1994) Emesis induced in domestic pigs: a new experimental tool for detection of antiemetic drugs and for evaluation of the emetogenic potential of new anticancer agents. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 32:109–116
Szelenyi I, Postius S, Engler H (1983) Evidence for a functional cytoprotective effect produced by antacids in the rat stomach. Eur J Pharmacol 88:403–410
Szepeshazi K, Halmos G, Groot K, Schally AV (1994) Combination treatment of nitrosamine‐induced pancreatic cancers in hamsters with analogues of LH-RH and a bombesin/GRP antagonist. Int J Pancreatol 16:141–149
Szepeshazi K, Halmos G, Schally AV, Arencibia JM, Groot K, Vadillo‐Buenfil M, Rodriguez‐Martin E (1999) Growth inhibition of experimental pancreatic cancers and sustained reduction in epidermal growth factor receptors during therapy with hormonal peptide analogs. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 125:444–452
Szepeshazi K, Schally AV, Groot K, Halmos G (1993) Effect of bombesin gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP14–27) and bombesin/GRP receptor antagonist RC-3095 on growth of nitrosamine‐induced pancreatic cancers in hamsters. Int J Cancer 54:282–289
Szepeshazi K, Schally AV, Halmos G, Groot K, Radulovic S (1992) Growth inhibition of estrogen‐dependent and estrogen‐independent MXT mammary cancers in mice by bombesin and gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1915–1922
Szepeshazi K, Schally AV, Halmos G, Lamharzi N, Groot K, Horvath JE (1997) A single in vivo administration of bombesin antagonist RC-3095 reduces the levels and mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in MXT mouse mammary cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:10913–10918
Szilvássy Z, Sari R, Nemeth J, Nagy I, Csati S, Lonovics J (1998) Improvement of nitrergic relaxation by farnesol of the sphincter of Oddi from hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Eur J Pharmacol 353:75–78
Szurszewski JH (1969) A migrating electric complex of the canine small intestine. Am J Physiol 217:1757–1763
Tache Y, Melchiorri P, Negri L (1988) Bombesin-like peptides in health and disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 547:217–267
Tachibana I, Kanagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Otsuki M (1996) Pharmacological profile of a new serine derivative cholecystokinin receptor antagonist TP-680 on pancreatic, biliary and gastric function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 279:1404–1412
Tachibana I, Watanabe N, Shirohara H, Akiyama T, Nakano S, Otsuki M (1996) Effects of MCI-727 on pancreatic exocrine secretion and acute pancreatitis in two experimental rat models. Pancreas 12:165–172
Takagi K, Okabe S, Saziki R (1969) A new method for production of chronic gastric ulcer in rats and the effect of several drugs on its healing. Jap J Pharmac 19:418–426
Takeda M, Tsukamoto K, Mizutani Y, Suzuki T, Taniyama K (1999) Identification of SK-951, a novel benzofuran derivative, as an agonist to 5-HT4 receptors. Jpn J Pharmacol 79:203–212
Takehara Y, Sumii K, Sumii M, Kamiyasu T, Hamada M, Fukino Y, Yoshihara M, Tari A, Haruma K, Kajiyama G (1995) Effect of a bombesin antagonist on omeprazole‐induced gastrin secretion in rats. Biomed Res Japan 16, Suppl 2:335–338
Takeuchi K, Hirata T, Yamamoto H, Kunikata T, Ishikawa M, Ishihara Y (1999) Effects of S-0509, a novel CCKB/gastrin receptor antagonist, on acid secretion and experimental duodenal ulcers in rats. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13:87–96
Talkad VD, Forune KP, Pollo DA, Shah GN, Wank SA, Gardner JD (1994) Direct demonstration of three different states of the pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1868–1872
Tallent M, Liapakis G, O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Dichter M, Reisine T (1996) Somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5 couple negatively to an L-type Ca2+ current in the pituitary cell line AtT20. Neurosci 71:1073–1081
Tanaka H, Takeuchi K, Okabe S (1989) The relation of intraduodenal pH and delayed gastric emptying in duodenal ulceration induced by mepirizole or cysteamine in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 51:483–492
Tanaka K, Fuijita T, Yamamoto Y, Murakami M, Yamamoto A, Muranishi S (1996) Enhancement of intestinal transport of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone via a carrier‐mediated transport system by chemical modification with lauric acid. Biochim Biophys Acta – Biomembr 1283:119–126
Tanaka N, Murata A, Uda KI, Toda H, Kato T, Hayashida H, Matsuura N, Mori T (1995) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modifies the changes in vital organs induced by acute necrotizing pancreatitis in a rat experimental model. Crit Care Med 23:901–908
Tanaka T, Guth PH (1994) Role of gastric mucosal blood flow in gastroprotective effects of novel xanthine derivative. Dig Dis Sci 39:587–592
Tanaka T, Ichiba Y, Miura Y, Ito H, Dohi K (1994) Canine model of chronic pancreatitis due to chronic ischemia. Digestion 55:86–89
Tanaka T, Miura Y, Matsugu Y, Ichiba Y, Ito H, Dohi K (1998) Pancreatic duct obstruction is an aggravating factor in the canine model of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Gastroenterol 115:1248–1253
Tanaka T, Morioka Y, Gebert U (1993) Effect of a novel xanthine derivative on experimental ulcers in rats. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 43:558–562
Taniguchi H, Yakazi N, Yomota M, Shikano T, Endo T, Nagasaki M (1996) Pharmacological profile of T-0632, a novel potent and selective CCKA receptor antagonist, in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 312:227–233
Taniguchi H, Yazaki N, Endo T, Nagasaki M (1996) Pharmacological profile of T-0632, a novel potent and selective CCKA receptor antagonist, in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 304:147–154
Taniguchi T, Tsukada H, Nakamura H, Kodama M, Fukuda K, Tominaga M, Seino Y (1997) Effects of a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion 58:476–478
Tanira MOM, Furman BL (1999) The in vivo interaction between gliclazide and glibenclamide and insulin on glucose disposal in the rat. Pharmacol Res 39:349–356
Tarutani M, Sakuma H, Shiratsuchi K, Mieda M (1985) Histamine H2-receptor antagonistic action of N-3-[3-(1-piperidinyl)phenoxy]propylacetoxyacetamide hydrochloride (TZU-0460). Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 35:703–706
Tasaka K, Farrar JT (1976) Intraluminal pressure of the small intestine of the unanesthetized dog. Pflüger's Arch 364:35–44
Taylor JE, Nelson R, Woon CW (1996) Real-time evaluation of somatostatin subtype receptor activity employing the technique of cytosensor microphysiometry. Peptides 17:1257–1259
Terano A, Ivey KJ, Stachura J, Sekhon S, Hosojima A, McKenzie WN, Krause WJ, Wyche JH (1982) Cell culture of rat gastric fundic mucosa. Gastroenterology 83:1280–1291
Terzioglu T, Yalti T, Tezelman S (1997) The effect of prostaglandin E1 on experimental colitis in the rat. Int J Colorectal Dis 12:63–66
Thakur ML, Kolan HR, Rifat S, Li J, Rux A, John E, Halmos G, Schally AV (1996) Vapreotide labeled with Tc99m for imaging tumors: Preparation and preliminary evaluation. Int J Oncol 9:445–451
Thermos K, Reisine T (1988) Somatostatin receptor subtypes in the clonal anterior pituitary cell lines AtT-20 and GH3. Mol Pharmacol 33:370–377
Thierney S, Qian Z, Burrow C, Lipsett PA, Pitt HA, Lillemoe KD (1994) Estrogen inhibits sphincter of Oddi motility. J Surg Res 57:69–73
Thiry L (1864) über eine neue Methode, den Dünndarm zu isolieren. Natur Kl 50:77–79
Thomas F, Mormont C, Morgan B (1994) Gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonists. Drugs Future 19:349–359
Thomas JE (1941) An improved cannula for gastric and intestinal fistulas. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 46:260–261
Thune A, Delbro DS, Nilsson B, Friman S, Svanvik J (1995) Role of nitric oxide in motility and secretion of the feline hepatobiliary tract. Scand J Gastroenterol 30:715–720
Thune A, Jivegård L, Pollard H, Moreau J, Schwartz JC, Svanvik J (1992) Location of enkephalinase and functional effects of [Leu5]enkephalin and inhibition of enkephalinase in the feline main pancreatic and bile duct sphincters. Clin Sci 82:169–173
Théodorou V, Fioramonti J, Hachet T, Buéno L (1991) Absorptive and motor components of the antidiarrhoeal action of loperamide: an in vivo study in pigs. Gut 32:1355–1359
Tilley JW, Danho W, Shiuey SJ, Kulesha I, Sarabu R, Swistok J, Makofske R, Olson GL, Chiang E, Rusiecki VK, Wagner R, Michalewsky J, Triscari J, Nelson D, Chiruzzo FY, Weatherford S (1992) Structure activity of C-terminal modified analogs of Ac-CCK-7. Int J Peptide Protein Res 39:322–336
Togashi Y, Li Y, Kang KJ, Takeichi N, Fujioka Y, Nagashima K, Kobayashi H (1992) D-Penicillamine prevents the development of hepatitis in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats with abnormal copper metabolism. Hepatology 15:82–87
Tokuhara T, Meulemans AL, de Ridder WJE, Higashino M, Kinoshita H, Schuurkes JAJ (1993) Effect of adrenoceptor agonists on striated muscle strips of the canine oesophagus. Br J Pharmacol 110:297–302
Torii Y, Saito H, Matsuki N (1991) Selective blockade of cytotoxic drug-induced emesis by 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in Suncus murinus. Jpn J Pharmacol 55:107–113
Trabace L, Avato P, Mazzoccoli M, Siro-Brigiani G (1994) Choleretic activity of Thapsia chem I, II and III in rats: Comparison with terpenoid constituents and peppermint oil. Phytother Res 8:305–307
Tracy HJ, Gregory RA (1964) Physiological properties of a series of synthetic peptides structurally related to gastrin I. Nature 204:935–938
Traiffort E, Pollard H, Moreau J, Ruat M, Schwartz JC, Martinez-Mir MI, Palacios JM (1992) Pharmacological characterization and autoradiographic localization of histamine H2 receptors in human brain identified with [125I]iodoaminopotentidine. J Neurochem 59:290–299
Trimble ER, Bruzzone R, Gjinovci A, Renold AE (1985) Activity of insulin‐acinar axis in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Endocrinology 117:1246–1252
Tripodi AS, Contos S, Germogli R (1993) Pharmacological studies on taurohyodeoxycholic acid. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 43:877–887
Trivedi BK (1994) Ligands for cholecystokinin receptors: Recent developments. Curr Opin Ther Pat 4:31–44
Tschank G, Hanauske-Abel HM, Peterkofsky B (1988) The effectiveness of inhibitors of soluble prolyl hydroxylase against the enzyme in the cisternae of isolated bone microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 261:312–323
Tschank G, Raghunath M, Günzler V, Hanauske-Abel HM (1987) Pyridinedicarboxylates, the first mechanism‐derived inhibitors for prolyl 4-hydroxylase, selectively suppress cellular hydroxyprolyl biosynthesis. Biochem J 248:625–633
Tsuchitani M, Saeguisa T, Namara I, Nishikawa T, Gonda T (1985) A new diabetic strain of rat (WBN/Kob). Lab Anim 19:200–207
Tsukamoto H, Reidelberger RD, French SW, Largman C (1984) Long-term cannulation model for blood sampling and intragastric infusion in the rat. Am J Physiol 247 (Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 16):R595–R599
Tsukamoto Y, Goto H, Hase S, Arisawa T, Ohara A, Suzuki T, Hoshino H, Endo H, Hamajima E, Omiya N (1992) Effect of duodenal mucosal blood flow on duodenal alkaline secretion in rats. Digestion 51:198–202
Turconi M, Donetti A, Schiavone A, Sagrada A, Montagna E, Nicola M, Cesana R, Rizzi C, Micheletti R (1991) Pharmacological properties of a novel class of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 203:203–211
Turner JC, Osborn PJ, McVeagh (1990) Studies on selenate and selenite absorption by sheep ileum using an everted sac method and an isolated, vascular perfused system. Comp Biochem Physiol 95A:297–301
Tuskulkao C, Sutheerawattananon M, Piyachaturawat P (1995) Inhibitory effect of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, on glucose absorption in everted hamster intestine in vitro. Toxicol Lett 80:153–159
Uchida K, Yuzuki R, Kamikawa Y (1998a) Ba2+ selectively inhibits receptor mediated contraction of the esophageal muscularis mucosae. Eur J Pharmacol 362:83–86
Uchida K, Yuzuki R, Kamikawa Y (1998b) Pharmacological characterization of endothelin‐induced contraction in the guinea-pig oesophageal muscularis mucosae. Br J Pharmacol 125:849–857
Uchida M, Ohba S, Ikarashi Y, Misaki N, Kawano O (1993) Effect of the novel histamine H2 antagonist: 5,6-dimethyl-2-[4-[3-(1-piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]-(z)-2-butenylamino]-4(1H)-pyrimidone dihydrochloride on histamine‐induced gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 43:873–876
Ueno S, Matsuki N, Saito H (1988) Suncus murinus as a new experimental model for motion sickness. Life Sci 43:413–420
Ulrich II CD, Pinon DI, Hadac EM, Holicki EL, Chang-Miller A, Gates LK, Miller LJ (1993) Intrinsic photoaffinity labeling of native and recombinant rat pancreatic secretin receptors. Gastroenterology 105:1534–1543
Uy Dong Sohn, Han B, Tashjian AH Jr, Behar J, Biancani P (1995) Agonist‐independent, muscle-type-specific signal transduction pathways in cat esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter circular smooth muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273:482–491
Vahlensieck U, Hahn R, Winterhoff H, Gumbinger GH, Nahrstedt A, Kemper FH (1995) The effect of Chelidonium majus herb extract on choleresis in the isolated perfused rat liver. Planta Med 61:267–271
Vale W, Brazeau P, Rivier C, Brown M, Boss M, Rivier J, Burgus R, Ling N, Guillemin R (1974) Somatostatin. Rec Progr Horm Res 31:365–397
Van Dijk A, Richard JG, Trzeciak A, Gillessen D, Möhler H (1984) Cholecystokinin receptors: biochemical demonstration and autoradiographical localization in rat brain and pancreas using [3H]cholecystokinin8 as radioligand. J Neurosci 4:1021–1033
Van Laethem JL, Marchant A, Delvaux A, Goldman M, Robberecht P, Velu T, Deviere J (1995) Interleukin 10 prevents necrosis in murine experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterol 108:1017–1922
Van Nueten JM, Ennis C, Helsen L, Laduron PM, Janssen PAJ (1978) Inhibition of dopamine receptors in the stomach: An explanation of the gastrokinetic properties of domperidone. Life Sci 23:453–458
Van Nuetten JM, Schuurkes JAJ (1988) Pharmakologie der Motilitätstherapeutika. Z Gastroenterologie 26, Suppl 4:4–8
Van Rossum JM, van den Brink (1963) Cumulative dose-response curves. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 143:240–246
Van der Bent A, Ijzerman AP, Soudijn W (1994) Molecular modelling of CCK-A receptors. Drug Design Disc 12:129–148
Vane JR (1964) The use of isolated organs for detecting active substances in the circulating blood. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 23:360–373
Vanetti M, Kouba M, Wang X, Vogt G, Höllt V (1992) Cloning and expression of a novel mouse somatostatin receptor (SSTR 2B). FEBS Lett 311:290–294
Varga G, Adrian TE, Coy DH, Reidelberger RD (1994) Bombesin receptor subtype mediation of gastroenteropancreatic hormone secretion in rats. Peptides 15:713–718
Varga G, Liehr RM, Scarpignato C, Coy DE (1995) Distinct receptors mediate gastrin‐releasing peptide and neuromedin B-induced delay of gastric emptying of liquids in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 286:109–112
Vasilaki A, Lanneau C, Dournaud P, De Lecca L, Gardette R, Epelbaum J (1999) Cortistatin affects glutamate sensitivity in mouse hypothalamic neurones through activation of sst2 somatostatin receptor subtypes. Neuroscience 88:359–364
Vassilev P, Radomirov R (1992) Contractile effects of prostaglandin E2 in rat rectum: sensitivity to the prostaglandin antagonists diphloretin and SC 19220. Prostaglandins 44:471–484
Vassilev PP, Venkova K, Pencheva N, Staneva‐Stoytcheva D (1993) Changes in the contractile responses to carbachol and in the inhibitory effects of verapamil and nitrendipine on isolated smooth muscle preparations from rats subchronically exposed to Co2+ and Ni2+. Arch Toxicol 67:330–337
Vassout A, Schaub M, Gentsch C, Ofner S, Schilling W, Veenstra S (1994) CGP 49823, a novel NK1 receptor antagonist: behavioural effects. Neuropeptides 26 (Suppl 1):38
Vergin H, Kori-Lindner C (1990) Putative mechanisms of cytoprotective effect of certain antacids and sucralfate. Digest Dis Sci 35:1320–1327
Vilardaga JP, Ciccarelli E, Dubeaux C, de Neff P, Bollen A, Robberecht P (1994) Properties and regulation of the coupling to adenylate cyclase of secretin receptors stably transfected in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Pharmacol 45:1022–1028
Vinter‐Jensen L, Juhl CO, Teglbjaerg PS, Poulsen SS, Dajani EZ, Nexo E (1997) Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor in pigs induces ductal proliferations in the pancreas. Gastroenterology 113:1367–1374
Viollet C, Lanneau C, Faivre‐Bauman A, Zhang J, Djordjijevic D, Loudes C, Gardette R, Kordon C, Epelbaum J (1997) Distinct patterns of expression and physiological effects of sst1 and sst2 receptor subtypes in mouse hypothalamic neurons and astrocytes in culture. J Neurochem 68:2273–2280
Vogel HG (1969) Zur Wirkung von Hormonen auf physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften des Binde- und Stützgewebes. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 19:1495, 1732, 1790, 1981
Vogel HG (1972) Effects of D-penicillamine and prednisolone on connective tissue in rats. Conn Tiss Res 1:283–289
Vogel HG (1974a) Organ specificity of the effects of D-Penicillamine and of lathyrogen (aminoacetonitrile) on mechanical properties of connective and supporting tissue. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 24:157–163
Vogel HG (1974b) Correlation between tensile strength and collagen content in rat skin. Effect of age and cortisol treatment. Conn Tiss Res 2:177–182
Vogel HG (1976) Tensile strength, relaxation and mechanical recovery in rat skin as influenced by maturation and age. J Med 7:177–188
Vogel HG (1978) Influence of maturation and age on mechanical and biochemical parameters of connective tissue of various organs in the rat. Conn Tiss Res 6:161–166
Vogel HG (1980) Influence of maturation and aging on mechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissue in rats. Mechanism Aging Develop 14:283–292
Vogel HG (1989) Mechanical properties of rat skin with aging. In: Balin AK, Kligman AM (eds) Aging and the Skin. Raven Press, New York, pp 227–275
Vogel S (1994) Pankreatitis durch Arzneimittel. Arzneimitteltherapie 3:90–92
von Herbay A, Gebbers JO, Otto HF (1990) Immunopatholgy of ulcerative colitis: A review. Hepato‐Gastroenterol 37:99–107
von Ritter, Sekizuka E, Grisham MB, Granger DN (1988) The chemotactic peptide N-formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanin increases mucosal permeability in the distal ileum of the rat. Gastroenterology 95:778–780
Von Schrenk T, Heinz-Erian P, Moran T, Mantey SA, Gardner JT, Jensen RT (1989) Neuromedin B receptor in esophagus: evidence for subtypes of bombesin receptors. Am J Physiol 256:G747–G758
Wada E, Watase K, Yamada K, Ogura H, Yamano M, Inomata Y, Eguchi J, Yamamoto K, Sunday ME, Maeno H, Mikoshiba K, Ohki-Kamazaki H, Wada K (1997) Generation and characterization of mice lacking gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 239:28–33
Wada M, Doi R, Hosotani R, Higashide S, Ibuka T, Habashita H, Nakai K, Fujii N, Imamura M (1995) Effect of a new bombesin receptor antagonist, (E)-alkene bombesin isostere, on amylase release from rat pancreatic acini. Pancreas 10:301–305
Wagner LE, Tomczuk BE, Yanni JM (1991) Measurement of tachykinin‐induced salivation in conscious rats. J Pharmacol Meth 26:67–72
Waikar MV, Hegde SS, Ford APDW, Clarke DE (1992) Pharmacological analyses of endo-6-methoxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxylate hydrochloride (DAU 6285) at the 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor in the tunica muscularis mucosae of rat esophagus and ileum of guinea pig: role of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264:654–661
Wallace JL, Cirino G, de Nucci G, McKnight W, MacNaughton WK (1989) Endothelin has potent ulcerogenic and vasoconstrictor actions in the stomach. Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 19):G661–G666
Wallace JL, Cirino G, de Nucci G, McKnight W, MacNaughton WK (1989) Am J Physiol 256:G661–G666
Wallace JL, Le T, Carter L, Appleyard CB, Beck PL (1995) Hapten‐induced chronic colitis in the rat: alternatives to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 33:237–239
Wallace JL, McCafferty DM, Sharkey KA (1998) Lack of beneficial effect of a tachykinin receptor antagonist in experimental colitis. Regul Peptides 73:95–101
Wallmark B, Jaresten BM, Larsson H, Ryberg B, Brandström A, Fellenius E (1973) Differentiation among inhibitory actions of omeprazole, cimetidine and SCN- on gastric secretion. Am J Physiol 245:G64–G71
Walsh LP, Zeitlin IJ (1987) Effect of salazopyrin, 5-aminosalicylic acid and prednisolone on an immune complex‐mediated colitis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 92/Suppl:741P
Walters AM, Zinsmeister AR, Sarr MG (1994) Effect of a model of canine jejunoileal orthotopic autotransplantation on jejunal and ileal transport of water and electrolytes. Digest Dis Sci 39:843–850
Wamsley JK, Gehlert DR, Roeske WR, Yamamura HI (1984) Muscarinic antagonist binding site heterogeneity as evidenced by autoradiography after direct labeling with [3H]QNB and [3H]pirenzepine. Life Sci 34:1395–1402
Wan BYC (1977) Metiamide and stimulated acid secretion from the isolated non-distended and distended mouse stomach. J Physiol (London) 226:327–346
Wan BYC, Assem KE, Schild HO (1974) Inhibition of in vitro stimulated gastric acid secretion by a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, metiamide. Eur J Pharmacol 29:83–88
Wang HJ, Tanaka M, Konomi H, Toma H, Yokohata K, Pasricha PJ, Kalloo AN (1998) Effect of local injection of botulinum toxin on sphincter of Oddi cyclic motility in dogs. Dig Dis Sci 43:694–701
Wang YJ, Wang SS, Bickel M, Guenzler V, Gerl M, Bissell DM (1998) Two novel antifibrotics, HOE 077 and Safironil, modulate stellate cell activation in rat liver injury. Differential effects in males and females. Am J Pathol 152:279–287
Wank SA (1995) Cholecystokinin receptors. Am J Physiol 269:G628–G646
Wank SA, Harkins R, Jensen JT, Shapira H, deWeerth A, Slattery T (1992a) Purification, molecular cloning, and functional expression of the cholecystokinin receptor from rat pancreas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3125–3129
Wank SA, Pisegna JR, deWeerth A (1992b) Brain and gastrointestinal cholecystokinin receptor family: structure and functional expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:8691–8695
Wardle KA, Bingham S, Ellis ES, Gaster LM, Rushant B, Smith MI, Sanger GJ (1996) Selective and functional 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor antagonism by SB 207266. Br J Pharmacol 118:665–670
Warhurst G, Higgs NB, Fakhoury H, Warhurst AC, Garde J, Coy DH (1996) Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 mediates somatostatin inhibition of ion secretion in rat distal colon. Gastroenterology 111:325–333
Warren BF (1996) Cytokines in the cotton top tamarin model of human ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther Suppl 10:45–47
Watanabe M, Ueno Y, Yajima T, Okamoto S, Hayashi T, Yamazaki M, Iwao Y, Ishii H, Habu S, Uehira M, Nishimoto H, Ishikawa H, Hata JI, Hibi T (1998) Interleukin7 transgenic mice develop chronic colitis with decreased interleucin7 protein accumulation in the colonic mucosa. J Exp Med 187:389–402
Watanabe M, Yamazaki M, Kanai T (2003) Mucosal T cells as a target for treatment of IBD. J Gastroenterol 38 [Suppl. 15]:48–50
Watanabe N, Ikuta K, Okazaki K, Nakase H, Tabata Y, Matsuura M, Tamaki H, Kawanami C, Honjo T, Chiba T (2003) Elimination of local macrophages in intestine prevents chronic colitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. Dig Dis Sci 48:408–414
Watanabe S, Nishino T, Chang JH, Shiratori K, Moriyoshi Y, Takeuchi T (1993) Effect of Hoe 140, a new potent bradykinin antagonist, on experimental acute pancreatitis in rats. Gastroenterol 104, Suppl:A342
Watson JW, Gonsalves SF, Fossa AA, McLean S, Seeger T, Obach S, Andrews PLR (1995) The anti-emetic effects of CP-99,994 in the ferret and the dog: Role of the NK1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 115:84–94
Watson M, Yamamura HI, Roeske WR (1983) A unique regulatory profile and regional distribution of [3H]pirenzepine binding in the rat provide evidence for distinct M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes. Life Sci 32:3001–3011
Watson N, Reddy H, Eglen RM (1995) Characterization of muscarinic receptor and β-adrenoceptor interactions in guinea-pig oesophageal muscularis mucosae. Eur J Pharmacol 294:779–785
Watson WC, Gordon RS (1962) Studies on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of castor oil. Biochem Pharmacol 11:229–236
Watt J, Marcus R (1972) Ulceration of the colon in rabbits fed sulfated amylopectin. J Pharm Pharmacol 24:68–69
Watt J, Marcus R (1973) Progress report. Experimental ulcerative disease of the colon in animals. Gut 14:506–510
Weber HC, Jensen RTZ, Battey JF (2000) Molecular organization of the mouse gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor and its promotor. Gene 244:137–149
Weidenbach H, Lerch MM, Gress TM, Pfaff D, Turi S, Adler G (1995) Vasoactive mediators and the progression from oedematous to necrotising experimental acute pancreatitis. Gut 37:434–440
Weigert N, Schaffler A, Reichenberger J, Madaus S, Classen M, Schusdziarra V (1995) Effect of endogenous opioids on vagally induced release of gastrin, somatostatin and bombesin-like immunoreactivity from the perfused rat stomach. Regul Pept 55:207–215
Welling PG (1977) Influence of food and diet on gastrointestinal drug absorption: a review. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 5:291–334
Wess J, Angeli P, Melchiorre C, Moser U, Mutschler E, Lambrecht G (1988) Methoctramine selectively blocks cardiac muscarinic M2 receptors in vivo. Naunyn‐Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 338:246–249
West GB (1982) Testing for drugs inhibiting the formation of gastric ulcers. J Pharmacol Meth 8:33–37
West RE Jr, Zweig A, Shih NY, Siegel MI, Egan RW, Clark MA (1990) Identification of two H3-histamine receptor subtypes. Mol Pharmacol 38:610–613
Wick AN, Drury DR (1963) Influence of glucose concentration on the action of insulin. Am J Physiol 174:445–447
Widdison AL, Alvarez C, Schwarz M, Reber HA (1992) The influence of ethanol on pancreatic blood flow in cats with chronic pancreatitis. Surgery 112:202–210
Williams CL, Villar RG, Peterson JM, Burks TF (1988) Stress‐induced changes in intestinal transit in the rat: A model for irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 94:611–621
Williams VJ, Senior W (1982) Effects of caecetomy on the digestibility of food and rate of passage of digesta in the rat. Aust J Biol Sci 35:373–379
Willms B, Appels A, Söling HD, Creutzfeldt W (1969) Lack of hypoglycemic effect of bovine proinsulin in eviscerated, hepatectomized rats. Horm Metab Res 1:199–200
Wilson TH, Wiseman G (1954) The use of sacs of everted small intestine for the study of transfer of substances from the mucosal to the serosal surface. J Physiol 123:116–125
Wirth KJ, Bickel M, Hropot M, Günzler V, Heitsch H, Ruppert D, Schölkens BA (1997) The bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist icatibant (HOE 140) corrects avid Na+ retention in rats with CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis: Possible role of enhanced microvascular leakage. Eur J Pharmacol 337:45–53
Wissmann H, Schleyerbach R, Schölkens B, Geiger R (1973) Struktur‐Wirkungsbeziehungen beim Gastrin. Der Beitrag von Carboxylgruppen von 9- und 10-Glutaminsäure zur biologischen Aktivität. Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 354:1591–1598
Witkowska D, Sendrowicz L, Oledzka R, Szablicka E, Garszel J (1992) The study of leucine and methionine transport in the gut of rats intoxicated with Thiram. Arch Toxicol 66:267–271
Witt CG, Will PC, Gaginella TS (1985) Quantification of ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury by transmission densitometry. J Pharmacol Meth 13:109–116
Wolff MC, Leander JD (1994) Antiemetic effects of 5-HT1A agonists in the pigeon. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49:385–391
Wolff MC, Leander JD (1995) Comparison of the antiemetic effects of a 5-HT1A agonist, LY228729, and 5-HT3 antagonists in the pigeon. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:571–575
Won Kyoo Cho (1997) Role of the neuropeptide, bombesin, in bile secretion. Yale J Biol Med 70:409–416
Wong EHF, Eglen RM (1996) Comparison of 5-HT4 receptors in guinea-pig colon and rat oesophagus: Effects of novel agonists and antagonists. Naunyn‐Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 354:145–156
Worland PJ, Drummer OH, Jarrott B (1983) An in situ gastric pouch technique for direct measurement of the gastric absorption of drugs in the rat. J Pharmacol Meth 10:215–221
Wright JW, Healy TEJ, Balfour TW, Hardcastle JD (1981) A method for long-term recording of intestinal mechanical and electrical activity in the unrestrained rat. J Pharmacol Meth 6:233–242
Wyatt MA, Jarvie E, Humphrey PPA (1996) Somatostatin sst2 receptor‐mediated inhibition of parietal cell function in rat isolated gastric mucosa. Br J Pharmacol 119:905–910
Xue S, Valdez D, Collman PI, Diamant NE (1996) Effect of nitric oxide synthase blockade on esophageal peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter in the cat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 74:1249–1257
Yamada K, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Wada K (2000a) Differential effects of social isolation upon body weight, food consumption, and responsiveness to novel and social environment in bombesin receptor subtye-3 (BRS-3) deficient mice. Physiol Behav 68:555–561
Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K (2000b) Bombesin-like peptides: studies on food intake and social behavior with receptor knock-out mice. Ann Med 32:519–529
Yamada Y, Post SR, Wang K, Tager HS, Bell GI, Seino S (1992) Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:251–255
Yamamoto O, Matsunaga Y, Shiba Y, Haga N, Itoh Z (1994) Inhibition of motilin‐induced phase III contractions by pentagastrin in Heidenhain pouch dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271:1471–1476
Yamamoto Y, Sone H, Yamashita S, Nagata Y, Niikawa H, Hara K, Nagao M (1997) Oxidative stress in LEC rats evaluated by plasma antioxidants and free fatty acids. J Trace Elem Exp Med 10:129–134
Yamazaki Y, Shinagawa K, Takeda H, Kobayashi M, Akahane M, Ajisawa Y (1995) Cholecystokinin-A specific antagonism of KSG-504 to cholecystokinin receptor binding and pancreatic secretion in mammals. Jpn J Pharmacol 69:367–373
Yang DC, Goldstin B, Moormann AR, Flynn DL, Gullikson GW (1993) SC-53606, a potent and selective antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptors in isolated rat esophageal tunica muscularis mucosae. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 266:1339–1347
Yang L, Berk SC, Rohrer SP, Mosley RT, Guo L, Underwood DJ, Arison BH, Birzin ET, Hayes EC, Mitra SW, Parmar RM, Cheng K, Wu TJ, Butler BS, Foor F, Pasternak A, Pan Y, Silva M, Freidinger RM, Smith RG, Chapman K, Schaeffer JM, Patchett AA (1998) Synthesis and biological activities of potent peptidomimetics selective for somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:10836–10941
Yano T, Pinski J, Szepeshazi K, Halmos G, Radulovic S, Groot K, Schally AV (1994) Inhibitory effect of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 and luteinizing‐releasing hormone antagonist SB-75 on the growth of MCF-7 MIII human breast cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice. Cancer 73:1229–1238
Yasuda R, Rens-Damiano S, Breder ChD, Law SR, Saper CB, Reisine T, Bell GI (1992) Cloning of a novel somatostatin receptor, SSTR3, coupled to adenyl cyclase. J Biol Chem 267:20422–20428
Yazu T, Kimura T, Sumii T, Nawata H (1991) Alteration of cholecystokinin receptor binding after caerulein‐induced pancreatitis in rats. Digestion 50:142–148
Yegen BÇ, Gürbüz V, Coúkun T, Bozkurt A, Kurtel H, Alican I, Dockray GJ (1996) Inhibitory effects of gastrin releasing peptide on gastric emptying in rats. Regul Peptides 61:175–180
Yeo CJ, Bastidas JA, Schmieg RE, Zinner MJ (1990) Meal-stimulated absorption of water and electrolytes in canine jejunum. Am J Physiol 259:G402–G409
Yokoi T, Nagayama S, Kajiwara R, Kawaguchi Y, Aizawa T, Otaki Y, Aburada M, Kamataki T (1995) Occurrence of autoimmune antibodies to liver microsomal proteins associated with lethal hepatitis in LEC rats: Effects of TJN-101 ((+)-(6S,7S,R-biar)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctenol) in the development of hepatitis and the antibodies. Toxicol Lett 76:33–38
Yokoi T, Nagayama S, Kajiwara R, Kawaguchi Y, Kamataki T (1994) Effects of cyclosporin A and D-penicillamine on the development of hepatitis an the production of antibody to protein disulfide isomerase in LEC rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 85:73–81
Yoshida MC, Masuda C, Sasaki M, Takeichi N, Kobayashi H, Dempo K, Mori M (1987) New mutation causing hereditary hepatitis in the laboratory rat. J Hered 78:361–365
Yoshida N, Omoya H, Seto Y, Kawashima K, Ito T (1993) Pharmacological studies on mosapride citrate (AS-4370), a gastro‐prokinetic agent. II Effects on other gastrointestinal functions. Jpn Pharmacol Ther 21:265–275
Yue G, Sun FF, Dunn C, Yin K, Wong PYK (1996) The 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 276:265–270
Yuki H, Nishida A, Miyake A, Ito H, Akuzawa S, Takinami Y, Takemoto Y, Miyata K (1997) YM022, a potent and selective gastrin/CCK-B receptor antagonist, inhibits peptone meal-induced gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs. Dig Dis Sci 42:707–714
Yule DI, Tseng M-J, Williams JA, Logsdon CD (1993) A cloned CCK-A receptor transduces multiple signals in response to full and partial agonists. Am J Physiol 265 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 28):G999–G1004
Zai H, Haga N, Fujino MA, Itoh Z (1996) Effect of peptide YY on gastric motor and secretory activity in vagally innervated and denervated pouch dogs. Regul Pept 61:181–188
Zea-Ariarte W, Makiyama K, Itsuno M, Umene Y, Hara K (1994) Experimental induced colitis in rats by ethanolic solution of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol alone: A comparative study. Acta Med Nagasaki 39:1–10
Zetler G (1984) Ceruletide, ceruletide analogues and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8): Effects on isolated intestinal preparations and gallbladders of guinea pigs and mice. Peptides 5:729–736
Zetler G, Cannon D, Powell D, Skrabanek P, Vanderhaeghen JJ (1979) A cholecystokinin-like peptide in crude substance P from human and bovine brain. Arch Intern Pharmacodyn 238:128–141
Zhang L, Horowitz B, Buxton ILO (1991) Muscarinic receptors in canine colonic circular smooth muscle. I. Coexistence of M2 and M3 subtypes. Mol Pharmacol 40:943–951
Zhao P, Tu J, Martens A, Ponette E, van Steenbergen W, van den Oord J, Fevery J (1996b) Radiologic investigations and pathologic results of experimental chronic pancreatitis in cats. Acad Radiol 5:850–856
Zhao P, Tu J, van den Oord JJ, Fevery J (1996a) Damage to duct epithelium is necessary to develop progressing lesions of chronic pancreatitis in the cat. Hepato‐Gastroenterol 43:1620–1626
Zheng H, Shah PK, Audus KL (1994) Primary culture of rat gastric epithelial cells as an in vitro model to evaluate antiulcer agents. Pharmaceut Res 11:77–82
Zhou W, Chao W, Levine BA, Olson MS (1990) Evidence of platelet‐activating factor as a late-phase mediator of chronic pancreatitis in the rat. Am J Pathol 137:1501–1508
Zhou W, Levine BA, Olson MS (1996) Lipid mediator production in acute and chronic pancreatitis in the rat. J Surg Res 56:37–44
Zhou W, Povovski SP, Longnecker DS, Bell RH Jr (1992) Novel expression of gastrin (cholestystokinin B) receptors in azaserine‐induced rat pancreatic carcinoma: Receptor determination and characterization. Cancer Res 52:6905–6911
Zhou Z-C, Gardner JD, Jensen RT (1989) Interaction of peptides related to VIP and secretin with guinea pig pancreatic acini. Am J Physiol 256:G283–G290
Zieve L, Anderson WR, Dozeman R (1988) Hepatic regenerative enzyme activity after diffuse injury with galactosamine: relationship to histologic alterations. J Lab Clin Med 112:575–582
Zimmerman HJ (1976) Experimental hepatotoxicity. In: Born GVR, Eichler O, Farah A, Herken H, Welch AD (eds) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol XVI: Experimental production of diseases. Part 5: Liver. Springer‐Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 1–120
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag
About this entry
Cite this entry
Vogel, H. (2007). Activity on the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Vogel, H.G. (eds) Drug Discovery and Evaluation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70995-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70995-4_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-71420-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70995-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences