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Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering pp 1267–1359Cite as

Enterprise Organization and Operation

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Organizations (derived from the Greek word organon, meaning tool) are instruments for enterprise objectives fulfilment. These objectives are to perform and produce products and services. Engineering and industrial production emphasize human-initiated, controlled, and deliberately executed combinations and transformations of resources by energy and information for the supply of market goods and products. Therefore organizations in engineering and manufacturing include the planned and purposeful action of human beings. In order to meet such objectives, formal groups of people with shared goals concerning transformation execution and output performance are configured.

Any arrangements of resources devoted to objective fulfilment constitute operations functions, or for short, operations. Technical devices can be provided to execute operations for transformation steps.

The amounts of labor involved can be coped with faster and with better quality by planned division into packages assigned to individuals for well-coordinated (repetitive) execution. For the individuals involved, operations represent tasks to be fulfilled. Combinations and syntheses of tasks and responsibilities in total constitute organization structures or parts of organizations.

In this section, the focus of our attention is on noncontractual and contractual types of collaborations among independent enterprises, pooling their core competencies to form so-called enterprise networks, aiming to achieve a common goal. The enterprise networks considered are composed of two or more partners collaborating under a variety of bilateral relationships [15.1].

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Abbreviations

API:

application programming interface

ARIS:

architecture of integrated information systems

AS:

active sum

ASME:

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

BMS:

bionic manufacturing system

BOM:

bill of materials

BOO:

bill of operations

BOSC:

built-to-order supply chain

BPR:

business process reengineering

CAD:

computer-aided design

CAM:

computer-aided manufacturing

CAPP:

computer-aided process planning

CD:

compact disc

CD:

continuous dressing

CI:

compression ignition

CI:

corporate identity

CIM:

computer-integrated manufacturing

CIMOSA:

computer-integrated manufacturing open system architecture

CIP:

continuous improvement process

CMU:

cooperative manufacturing unit

CNC:

computer numerical control

CPFR:

collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment

CPM:

critical-path method

CRM:

customer relationship management

CRP:

continuous replenishment planning

CSLP:

capacitated lot-sizing lead-time problem

DIN:

Deutsches Institut für Normung

DIO:

digital input output

DIS:

Draft International Standard

DNC:

direct numerical control

E2:

extended enterprises

ECR:

efficient customer response

EDP:

electronic data processing

EFFBD:

enhanced functional flow block diagram

EPC:

event-driven process chains

ERP:

enterprise resource planning

GERAM:

generalized enterprise reference model architecture and methodology

GIM:

GRAI integrated methodology

GoM:

guidelines of modeling

HMS:

holonic manufacturing systems

ICT:

information and communication technology

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IFAC:

International Federation for Automatic Control

IFIP:

International Federation for Information Processing

IIE:

information-interoperable environment

IMP:

International Marketing and Purchasing

IP:

intermediate pressure

ISO:

International Standards Organization

IT:

information technology

JIT:

Java intelligent network

JiT:

just-in-time

MAS:

multi-agent systems

MES:

manufacturing execution systems

MIPS:

microprocessor without interlocked pipeline stages

MPM:

metra potential method

MRP:

manufacturing resources planning

MRP:

materials requirement planning

NC:

numerically controlled

OMT:

object-modeling technique

OOSE:

object-orientes software engineering

OPC:

open connectivity via open standards

ORiN:

open robot interface for the network

PABADIS:

plant automation based on distributed systems

PC:

personal computer

PC:

polycrystalline

PC:

pulverized coal

PERA:

purdue enterprise reference architecture

PERT:

project evaluation and review technique

PLC:

programmable logic controller

PPC:

production planning and control

PROSA:

product–resource–order–staff architecture

PS:

passive sum

RAC:

robot action command

RAO:

robot access object

RBV:

resource-based view

RFID:

radiofrequency identification

RISC:

reduced-instruction-set computer

RUP:

rational unified process

RaoSQL:

robot access object SQL

SC:

supercritical

SC:

supply chain

SCM:

supply chain management

SCOR:

supply-chain operations reference

SE:

secondary electrons

SIC:

statistical inventory control

SME:

small and medium-sized enterprises

SN:

supply network

SQL:

structured query language

SoA:

space of activity

SysML:

systems modelling language

TPM:

total productive maintenance

TPS:

Toyota production system

TQM:

total quality management

VDI:

Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Association of German Engineers)

VICS:

Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standard Association

VO:

virtual organizations

VPN:

virtual private network

WBS:

work breakdown structure

WWW:

world wide web

bdd:

block definition diagram

ppm:

parts per million

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Procurement/Sourcing Management Department, Alenia Aeronautica, Viale dellʼAeronautica, Pomigliano (NA), Italy

    Francesco Costanzo

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, 350-8585, Kawagoe-City, Saitama, Japan

    Yuichi Kanda Prof.

  3. Production Engineering Department Technical Research Institute, Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry (JSPMI), 1-1-12, Hachiman-cho, 203-0042, Tokyo, Higashikurume-shi, Japan

    Toshiaki Kimura

  4. Institute of Ergonomics Factory Operations and Automation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany

    Hermann Kühnle

  5. AST, Via Dante Alighieri 57, Lonate Pozzolo (VA), Italy

    Bruno Lisanti

  6. Centre for International Manufacturing Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, CB2 1 RX, Cambridge, UK

    Jagjit Singh Srai

  7. Bremen Institute for Production and Logistics GmbH Department of ICT Applications in Production, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 20, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Klaus-Dieter Thoben Prof.

  8. Sitech Sitztechnik GmbH, Volkswagen AG, Stellfelder Str. 46, 38442, Wolfsburg, Germany

    Bernd Wilhelm

  9. Assystem UK, 1 The Brooms, Emersons Green, BS16 7FD, Bristol, UK

    Patrick M. Williams

Authors
  1. Francesco Costanzo
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  2. Yuichi Kanda Prof.
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  3. Toshiaki Kimura
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  4. Hermann Kühnle
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  5. Bruno Lisanti
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  6. Jagjit Singh Srai
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  7. Klaus-Dieter Thoben Prof.
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  8. Bernd Wilhelm
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  9. Patrick M. Williams
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Francesco Costanzo , Yuichi Kanda Prof. , Toshiaki Kimura , Hermann Kühnle , Bruno Lisanti , Jagjit Singh Srai , Klaus-Dieter Thoben Prof. , Bernd Wilhelm or Patrick M. Williams .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany, Universitätsplatz 2

    Karl-Heinrich Grote Professor Dr.-Ing.

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (CALTEC), 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA, 1200 East California Boulevard

    Erik K. Antonsson Professor

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Costanzo, F. et al. (2009). Enterprise Organization and Operation. In: Grote, KH., Antonsson, E. (eds) Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30738-9_15

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