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Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods pp 685–710Cite as

Friction and Wear

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Almost all mechanical systems, artificial or natural, involve the relative motion of solid components. Wherever two surfaces slide or roll against each other, there will be frictional resistance, and wear will occur. The response of materials to this kind of interaction, often termed tribological, depends not only on the precise nature of the materials, but also on the detailed conditions of the contact between them and of the motion. Friction and wear are system responses, rather than material properties. The measurement of tribological behavior therefore poses particular challenges, and a keen awareness of the factors that influence friction and wear is essential.

This chapter provides definitions of the key concepts in Sect. 13.1, and provides a rationale for the design and selection of test methods in Sect. 13.2. Various standard and other tribological test methods are comprehensively reviewed in Sect. 13.3, which is followed by descriptions of methods used for the quantitative assessment of both friction (Sect. 13.4) and wear (Sect. 13.5). Methods used for characterizing worn surfaces and wear debris are addressed in Sect. 13.6.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

EHL:

elastohydrodynamically lubricated

FIB:

focused ion beam

HL:

hydrodynamically lubricated

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

LVDT:

linear variable differential transformer

MEMS:

micro-electromechanical systems

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

TEM:

transmission electron microscope

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Institute for Manufacturing, Mill Lane, CB2 1RX, Cambridge, UK

    Ian Hutchings Prof.

  2. Division of Engineering and Processing Control, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK

    Mark Gee

  3. Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44–46, 12203, Berlin, Germany

    Erich Santner Dr.

Authors
  1. Ian Hutchings Prof.
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  2. Mark Gee
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  3. Erich Santner Dr.
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ian Hutchings Prof. , Mark Gee or Erich Santner Dr. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Precision Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, TFH Berlin, Luxemburger Strasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Horst Czichos Prof.

  2. National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Tetsuya Saito

  3. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, US

    Leslie Smith

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© 2006 Springer-Verlag

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Hutchings, I., Gee, M., Santner, E. (2006). Friction and Wear. In: Czichos, H., Saito, T., Smith, L. (eds) Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30300-8_13

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