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Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism

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Endocrinology of the Testis and Male Reproduction

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

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Abstract

Male hypogonadism is a clinical condition caused by a partial or total breakdown of the cross communication among the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis. It is generally divided into primary hypogonadism, caused by an abnormality of the testis function, and secondary hypogonadism, due to a pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction. In primary hypogonadism, the testis is dysfunctional and fails to release sex steroids and sperm, despite strong stimulation by the pituitary (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism), whereas in secondary hypogonadism the testis is normal, but inadequately stimulated by gonadotropins (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism).

Despite taxonomy classification, the clinical features of male hypogonadism depend upon the age of onset, the severity of testosterone (T) deficiency, and whether there is an impairment only in terms of sperm production or also in T production.

In this chapter, the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of both primary and secondary hypogonadism, along with their main underlying causes, will be evaluated and discussed in detail.

Abstract

Male hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by the impairment of testicular production of both sex steroids and sperm, classically due to a partial or total breakdown of the cross communication between and/or within the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis. The term, however, is rarely used to identify abnormalities in sperm production, while it is often applied to describe testosterone (T) deficiency (Lenzi et al. 2009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy

    Daniele Santi

  2. Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda USL Bologna Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy

    Giovanni Corona

Authors
  1. Daniele Santi
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  2. Giovanni Corona
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Correspondence to Daniele Santi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Biomedicine, Metabolism and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Modena, Italy

    Manuela Simoni

  2. Dept. of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    Ilpo Huhtaniemi

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Santi, D., Corona, G. (2017). Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism. In: Simoni, M., Huhtaniemi, I. (eds) Endocrinology of the Testis and Male Reproduction. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_24-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_24-1

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