Skip to main content

FLASH: The First Superconducting X-Ray FEL

Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers
  • 334 Accesses

Abstract

The free-electron laser in Hamburg FLASH provides gigawatt-level soft X-ray pulses at wavelengths down to 4 nm for a large range of scientific users. This chapter reports on the concept of the superconducting accelerator, the generation and formation of the electron bunches needed to drive the single-pass FEL process, and the performance of the FEL. Operation experience and upgrade programs like FLASH II are also described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • T. Åberg et al., A VUV free electron laser at the TESLA test facility at DESY, DESY Print TESLA-FEL 95-03 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Abo-Bakr et al., Steady-state far-infrared coherent synchrotron radiation detected at BESSY II. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 254801 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W. Ackermann et al., Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window. Nat. Photon. 1(6), 336–342 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • S. Ackermann et al., Generation of coherent 19- and 38-nm radiation at a free-electron laser directly seeded at 38 nm. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 114801 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Altarelli et al. (eds.), European X-ray free-electron laser facility technical design report, DESY 2006-097, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Altenmueller et al., Investigations of traveling-wave separators for the Stanford two-mile linear accelerator. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 35, 438 (1964)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Andruszkow et al., First observation of self-amplified spontaneous emission in a free-electron laser at 109 nm wavelength. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3825 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • V. Ayvazyan et al., A new powerful source for coherent VUV radiation: demonstration of exponential growth and saturation at the TTF free-electron laser. Eur. Phys. J. D 20, 149 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • V. Ayvazyan et al., First operation of a free-electron laser generating GW power radiation at 32 nm wavelength. Eur. Phys. J. D 37, 297 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Behrens et al., Electron beam profile imaging in the presence of coherent optical radiation effects. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 15, 062801 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Bonifacio, C. Pellegrini, L. Narducci, Collective instabilities and high-gain regime in a free electron laser. Opt. Commun. 50, 373 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Brinkmann, G. Materlik, J. Rossbach, J. Schneider, B.H. Wiik, An X-ray FEL laboratory as part of a linear collider design. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 375, 269 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Cornacchia, H. Winick (eds.), Workshop on fourth generation light sources, SSRL report 92/02, 24–27 Feb 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtesy S. Schreiber, DESY, Hamburg, unpublished FLASH data

    Google Scholar 

  • Ya.S. Derbenev et al., Microbunch radiative tail-head interaction, TESLA-FEL report 1995-05, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Dohlus et al., CSRTRACK version 1.2 User’s manual, DESY, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Edwards et al., 3.9 GHz cavity module for linear bunch compression at FLASH, in Proceedings of the Linear Accelerator Conference, Tsukuba, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Fraser et al., A new high-brightness electron injector for free-electron lasers driven by RF linacs. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 250, 71 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Galayda, The LCLS-II project, in Proceedings of the 5th IPAC Conference, Dresden (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Gensch et al., New infrared undulator beamline at FLASH. Infrared Phys. Technol. 51, 423 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Gurevich, SRF fundamentals for particle accelerators. Rev. Accel. Sci. Technol. 1, 1 (2012)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Z. Huang et al., Measurements of the linac coherent light source laser heater and its impact on the x-ray free-electron laser performance. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13, 020703 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Honkavaara et al., Status of the FLASH facility, in Proceedings of the 35th International FEL Conference, New York, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Ischebeck et al., Study of the transverse coherence at the TTF free electron laser. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 507, 175 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Kondratenko, E.L. Saldin, Generation of coherent radiation by a relativistic electron beam in an ondulator. Part. Accel. 10, 207–216 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Lilje et al., Achievement of 35 MV/m in the superconducting nine-cell cavities for TESLA. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 524, 1 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Orzechowski et al., Microwave radiation from a high gain free-electron laser amplifier. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 889 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Pellegrini, SASE and development of an X-ray FEL, in Proceedings of the Workshop “Prospects for a 1 Å Free-Electron Laser”, Brookhaven National Laboratory Rep. 52273, 1990, p. 3

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Reschke, Measurement Techniques, CAS (CERN Accelerator School) on Superconductivity for Accelerators, Erice, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Rönsch-Schulenburg, et al., Operation of FLASH with short SASE-FEL radiation pulses, in Proceedings of the 36th International FEL conference, Basel, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • J.B. Rosenzweig et al., Generation of ultra-short high brightness electron beams for single-spike SASE FEL operation. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 593, 39 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Rossbach, A VUV free electron laser at the TESLA test facility at DESY. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 393, 88 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Rossbach, First lasing below 7 nm wavelength at FLASH/DESY, Hamburg, in Proceedings of the 30th International FEL Conference, Gyeongju, 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • E.L. Saldin et al., Statistical properties of radiation from VUV and X-ray free electron laser. Opt. Commun. 148, 383 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E.L. Saldin et al., Longitudinal space charge-driven microbunching instability in the TESLA test facility linac. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 528, 355 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Schmidt et al., Feedback strategies for bunch arrival time stabilization at FLASH towards 10 fs, in Proceedings of the 33rd International FEL Conference, Shanghai, 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Schmüser, Superconductivity in high energy particle accelerators. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 49(1), 155 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Schmüser et al., Superconducting TESLA cavities. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 2, 09, 2001 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Schmüser, M. Dohlus, J. Rossbach, Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers (Springer, Berlin, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Schmüser et al., Free-Electron Lasers in the Ultraviolet and X-Ray Regime (Springer, Cham, 2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • S. Schreiber, First lasing in the water window with 4.1 nm at FLASH, in Proceedings of the 33rd International FEL Conference, Shanghai, 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Schreiber, B. Faatz, First lasing at FLASH2, in Proceedings of the 36th International FEL conference, Basel, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Tiedtke et al., The soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH at DESY: beamlines, diagnostics and end-stations. N. J. Phys. 11, 023029 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Wesch, et al., A multi-channel THz and infrared spectrometer for femtosecond electron bunch diagnostics by single-shot spectroscopy of coherent radiation. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 665, 40 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • I. Zagorodnov et al., Semianalytical modeling of multistage bunch compression with collective effects. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 014403 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joerg Rossbach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Rossbach, J. (2014). FLASH: The First Superconducting X-Ray FEL. In: Jaeschke, E., Khan, S., Schneider, J., Hastings, J. (eds) Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_10-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_10-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-04507-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    FLASH: The First Superconducting X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
    Published:
    23 January 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_10-2

  2. Original

    FLASH: The First Superconducting X-Ray FEL
    Published:
    05 December 2014

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_10-1