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Radiation Shielding and Radiological Protection

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Handbook of Nuclear Engineering

Abstract

This chapter deals with shielding against nonionizing radiation, specifically gamma rays and neutrons with energies less than about 10 MeV, and addresses the assessment of health effects from exposure to such radiation. The chapter begins with a discussion of how to characterize mathematically the energy and directional dependence of the radiation intensity and, similarly, the nature and description of radiation sources. What follows is a discussion of how neutrons and gamma rays interact with matter and how radiation doses of various types are deduced from radiation intensity and target characteristics. This discussion leads to a detailed description of radiation attenuation calculations and dose evaluations, first making use of the point-kernel methodology and then treating the special cases of “skyshine” and “albedo” dose calculations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of shielding materials, radiological assessments, and risk calculations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this chapter gratefully acknowledge the guidance and support of their colleagues and mentors in the field of radiation shielding and radiation protection. The late Arthur Chilton, our colleague and friend, will be known to readers of this chapter for his breadth of interest and experience in radiation shielding. He was the coauthor of and the inspiration for our first book on radiation shielding. Of the many who taught us, we particularly acknowledge Lewis Spencer, Martin Berger, Herbert Goldstein, and Norman Schaeffer. We acknowledge the American Nuclear Society too for their continuing publication of our textbooks on radiation shielding and radiological assessment, from which much of the material in this chapter has been taken.

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  1. Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA

    J. Kenneth Shultis & Richard E. Faw

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  1. J. Kenneth Shultis
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  2. Richard E. Faw
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  1. Institute for Nuclear Technology and Reactor Safety, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie (KIT), Gotthard-Franz-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Dan Gabriel Cacuci

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Shultis, J.K., Faw, R.E. (2010). Radiation Shielding and Radiological Protection. In: Cacuci, D.G. (eds) Handbook of Nuclear Engineering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98149-9_11

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