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Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics pp 419–502Cite as

Advanced Optical Components

  • Reference work entry

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter describes a selection of advanced optical components including the underlying physical principles, production techniques and already existing or possible future applications.

Several of these optical elements, in particular variable lenses and photonic crystals, may replace conventional optical systems once their potential for applications has been fully explored. Other components such as high-quality optical fibres, though well established and used worldwide, still undergo a rapid further improvement and integration in communication systems.

Besides increased quality and versatility, a driving force and essential aspect in the development of optical components in general is low cost and mass production.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

atomic force microscope

AOM:

acoustooptic modulator

AR:

antireflection

ASE:

amplified spontaneous emission

BZ:

Brillouin zone

CCD:

charge-coupled device

COC:

cyclic olefin copolymer

COP:

cyclic olefin polymer

CVD:

chemical vapor deposition

DBF:

distributed feedback

DCF:

dispersion-compensating fiber

DFG:

difference-frequency generation

DGD:

differential group delay

DOE:

diffractive optical element

DOS:

density of states

DRS:

double Rayleigh scattering

DWDM:

dense wavelength division multiplexed

EDFA:

erbium-doped fiber amplifier

EFS:

equi-frequency surface

EMT:

effective-medium theory

EOM:

electrooptic modulator

EWOD:

electrowetting on dielectrics

FBG:

fiber Bragg grating

FDTD:

finite-difference time domain

FWM:

four-wave mixing

FZP:

Fresnel zone plate

GRIN:

gradient index

GVD:

group velocity dispersion

ICP:

inductively coupled plasma

IL:

interference lithography

IR:

infrared

ITO:

indium–tin oxide

LCoS:

liquid crystal on silicon

LD:

laser diode

LEAF:

large effective area

LH:

left-handed

LPE:

liquid-phase epitaxy

MCVD:

modified chemical vapor deposition

MFD:

multilayer fluorescent disk

MPC:

metallic photonic crystal

NA:

numerical aperture

NCPM:

noncritical phase matching

NIM:

nearly index-matched

OCT:

optical coherence tomography

OP:

oriented-patterned

OPG:

optical parametric generation

OPL:

optical path length

OPO:

optical parametric oscillator

OSNR:

optical signal-to-noise ratio

OVD:

outside vapor deposition

PB:

photonic band

PBG:

photonic band gap

PBS:

photonic band structure

PBS:

polarizing beam splitter

PC:

photonic crystal

PDMS:

polydimethylsiloxane

PMD:

polarization mode dispersion

PMMA:

polymethylmethacrylate

PPKTP:

periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate

PPLN:

periodically poled lithium niobate

PS:

polystyrene

PSF:

point spread function

QC:

quasicrystals

QD:

quantum dot

QPM:

quasi-phase matching

QW:

quantum well

RCWA:

rigorous coupled wave analysis

RDS:

relative dispersion slope

RFA:

Raman fiber amplifier

RGB:

red, green and blue

RIE:

reactive-ion etching

SBS:

stimulated Brillouin scattering

SC:

supercontinuum

SFG:

sum-frequency generation

SHG:

second-harmonic generation

SMF:

single-mode fiber

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

SOA:

semiconductor optical amplifier

SPM:

self-phase modulation

SRS:

stimulated Raman scattering

TIR:

total internal reflection

UV:

ultraviolet

WDM:

wavelength division multiplexing

WG:

waveguide

WGP:

wire-grid polarizer

XPM:

cross-phase modulation

YAG:

yttrium aluminium garnet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research and Technology, Carl Zeiss AG, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Robert Brunner Dr.

  2. Central Research and Technology, Carl Zeiss AG, Carl Zeiss Promenade 10, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Enrico Geißler

  3. Research and Development, Management, GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Bernhard Messerschmidt Dr.

  4. Corporate Research and Technology Microstructured Optics Research, Carl Zeiss AG, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Dietrich Martin Dr.

  5. Institute of Physics, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Elisabeth Soergel Dr.

  6. Department of Photonics, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, 758-65 Bibi, 066-8655, Chitose, Japan

    Kuon Inoue Prof.

  7. Center for Frontier Science Photonic Crystals, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, 263-8522, Chiba, Japan

    Kazuo Ohtaka Prof.

  8. Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110016, New Delhi, India

    Ajoy Ghatak

  9. Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110016, New Delhi, India

    K. Thyagarajan Prof.

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  1. Robert Brunner Dr.
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  4. Dietrich Martin Dr.
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  5. Elisabeth Soergel Dr.
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  6. Kuon Inoue Prof.
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  7. Kazuo Ohtaka Prof.
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  8. Ajoy Ghatak
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  9. K. Thyagarajan Prof.
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Robert Brunner Dr. , Enrico Geißler , Bernhard Messerschmidt Dr. , Dietrich Martin Dr. , Elisabeth Soergel Dr. , Kuon Inoue Prof. , Kazuo Ohtaka Prof. , Ajoy Ghatak or K. Thyagarajan Prof. .

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany

    Frank Träger Prof.

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Brunner, R. et al. (2007). Advanced Optical Components. In: Träger, F. (eds) Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30420-5_8

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