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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology pp 619–640Cite as

Energy Balance and Feeding

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1 Introduction

1.1 Body Weight Is a Regulated Variable

Body weight (or more accurately body adiposity) is a regulated variable. To maintain body adiposity over time, caloric intake must equal caloric expenditure. Such an intricate process relies on the interactions of a number of physiological systems. As an example, there is a negative feedback regulator system that is composed of signals derived from adipose tissue, which inform the central nervous system (CNS) about the status of peripheral energy balance. Signals from adipose tissue or peripheral fat stores comprise one side of the hypothesized feedback loop. On the receiving side of this regulatory system are one or more central effector systems that translate adipose-store information into appropriate subsequent behavior. When the system detects low adipose stores, food intake is increased whereas energy expenditure is decreased in an attempt to maintain body adiposity and body weight. This negative feedback loop also functions...

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Abbreviations

AgRP:

agouti-related peptide

ARC:

arcuate

CCK:

cholecystokinin

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

CNS:

central nervous system

ER:

estrogen receptor

GC:

glucocorticoid

HSPGs:

heparan sulfate proteoglycans

IRS:

insulin receptor substrate

IRs:

insulin receptors

JAK:

Janus Kinases

LH:

lateral hypothalamic

LTP:

long-term potentiation

MAPK:

mitogen activated protein kinase

MC:

melanocortin

NEAT:

nonexercise activity thermogenesis

NPY:

neuropeptide Y

POMC:

pro-opiomelanocortin

PVN:

paraventricular

RQ:

respiratory quotient

SOCS:

suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins

SPA:

spontaneous physical activity

STAT:

signal transducers and activators of transcription

WAT:

white adipose tissue

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Authors
  1. S. C. Benoit
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  2. D. J. Clegg
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  3. S. C. Woods
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, 10962, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01003-9271, USA

    Jeffrey D. Blaustein

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Benoit, S.C., Clegg, D.J., Woods, S.C. (2007). Energy Balance and Feeding. In: Lajtha, A., Blaustein, J.D. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30405-2_16

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