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Bioactive Sphingolipids: An Overview on Ceramide, Ceramide 1-Phosphate Dihydroceramide, Sphingosine, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Abstract:

Bioactive sphingolipids such as ceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate, dihydroceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate have key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, migration, carcinogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. There has been much progress made in understanding the complex pathways of sphingolipid metabolism and identifying the enzymes involved in sphingolipid production. This chapter reviews the structure, metabolism and functions of these bioactive sphingolipids.

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Abbreviations

alk-SMase:

alkaline sphingomyelinase

aSMase:

acid sphingomyelinase

C1P:

ceramide 1-phoshpate

CDase:

ceramidase

Cer:

ceramide

CERK:

ceramide kinase

CerS:

(dihydro)ceramide synthases

DAG:

diacylglycerol

DEGS-1:

dihydroceramide desaturase

dhCer:

dihydroceramide

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

GalCer:

galactosylceramide

GCS:

glucosylceramide synthase

GluCer glucosylceramide; GSLs; glycosphingolipids; haCER:

human alkaline ceramidase

haPHC:

human alkaline phytoceramidase

MAMs:

mitochondria-associated membranes

nSMase:

neutral sphingomyelinase

PKC:

protein kinase C

Rb:

retinoblastoma protein

S1P:

sphingosine 1-phosphate

SK:

sphingosine kinases

SM:

sphingomyelin

SMases:

sphingomyelinases

Sph:

sphingosine

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Authors
  1. J. M. Kraveka
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  2. Y. A. Hannun
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Guido Tettamanti

  3. Department of Internal Medicine Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy

    Gianfrancesco Goracci

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Kraveka, J.M., Hannun, Y.A. (2009). Bioactive Sphingolipids: An Overview on Ceramide, Ceramide 1-Phosphate Dihydroceramide, Sphingosine, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate. In: Lajtha, A., Tettamanti, G., Goracci, G. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_15

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