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Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data pp 161–430Cite as

Metals

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Whereas the fundamental properties of all metallic elements are covered systematically and comprehensively in Chap. 2.1, this section chapter treats those metals that are applied as base and alloying elements of metallic materials. According to common usage, the section is subdivided into treatments of metallic materials based on a single elements (Mg, Al, Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb), and treatments of groups of metals with common dominating features (refractory metals, noble metals). The term metal is used indiscriminately for pure metals and for multicomponent metallic materials, i.e., alloys.

The properties of metallic materials depend sensitively not only on their chemical composition and on the electronic and crystal structure of the phases formed, but also to a large degree on their microstructure including the kind and distribution of lattice defects. The phase composition and microstructure of metallic materials are strongly dependent, in turn, on the thermal and mechanical treatments, which are applied under well-controlled conditions to achieve the desired properties. Accordingly, the production of metallic semifinished products and final parts on one hand, and the properties in the final state on the other hand, are usually intricately linked. This also applies to metallic materials treated in other chapters (Chap. 4.2 on superconductors and Chap. 4.3 on magnetic materials), as well as to the majority of other inorganic and organic materials.

According to the complexity of the interrelations between fundamental (intrinsic) and microstructure-dependent (extrinsic) properties of metallic materials, this section provides a substantial amount of explanatory text. By the same token, the data given are mostly typical examples indicating characteristic ranges of properties achievable rather than providing complete listings. More comprehensive databases are indicated by way of reference.

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Abbreviations

AISI:

American Iron and Steel Institute

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

DOS:

density of states

EB:

electron-beam melting

HB:

Brinell hardness number

HPDC:

high-pressure die casting

HV:

Vicker's Hardness

IACS:

International Annealed Copper Standard

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

TMT:

thermomechanical treatment

TTT:

time-temperature-transformation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., 12036, 27709, Research Triangle Parc, NC, USA

    Frank Goodwin Dr.

  2. Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, 135 South 1460 East RM 412, 84112-0114, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sivaraman Guruswamy Prof.

  3. Institute for Materials Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Karl U. Kainer Prof.

  4. METALL – Intl. Journal for Metallurgy, Kielsche Straße 43B, 38642, Goslar, Germany

    Catrin Kammer Dr.

  5. Technology Center, Plansee AG, 6600, Reutte, Austria

    Wolfram Knabl Dr.

  6. Institut für Metallische Werkstoffe (retired), Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung, Lessingstrasse 11, 01099, Dresden, Germany

    Alfred Koethe Prof.

  7. Technology Center, Plansee AG, 6600, Reutte, Austria

    Gerhard Leichtfried Dr.

  8. Demetron (retired), Metallgesellschaft Ffm and Degussa, Stettinerstr. 25, 61449, Steinbach/Ts, Germany

    Günther Schlamp Dr.

  9. Department of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Roland Stickler Prof.

  10. DSL Dresden Material-Innovation GmbH, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    Hans Warlimont Prof.

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  1. Frank Goodwin Dr.
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  2. Sivaraman Guruswamy Prof.
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  4. Catrin Kammer Dr.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Frankfurt/Main, Robert-Mayer-Strasse 2–4, 60054, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

    Werner Martienssen Prof.

  2. DSL Dresden Material-Innovation GmbH, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany

    Hans Warlimont Prof.

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Goodwin, F. et al. (2005). Metals. In: Martienssen, W., Warlimont, H. (eds) Springer Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30437-1_5

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