Salt Marsh
Salt marshes or saline wetlands are vegetated intertidal flats dominated by low-growing halophytic (salt-tolerant) shrubs and herbaceous plants, particularly grasses. Typically, salt marsh borders freshwater or brackish environments. Largely confined to temperate coastlines, they occupy a similar niche to tropical mangrove forests; that is, the upper intertidal zone of inlets, estuaries, lagoons, and embayments, or fronting the open sea where low-energy conditions persist (Frey and Basan, 1985). In warm temperate, subtropical, and some tropical regions, salt marsh and mangrove communities sometimes intermingle, but can be separated by definition on the basis of floristics or intertidal position.
Salt marsh originates with the spread of vegetation onto an accreting intertidal mudflat. Fine suspended sediments (silts and clays) and organic material washed in by tides, and subsequently trapped by roots of salt marsh vegetation, generate a gently sloping depositional terrace or...
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Cross-references
Coastal Soils
Deltas
Dikes
Estuaries
Hydrology of Coastal Zone
Mangroves, Ecology
Mangroves, Geomorphology
Peat
Reclamation
Tidal Creeks
Tidal Flats
Vegetated Coasts
Wetlands
Wetlands Restoration
Cross-references
Beach Erosion
Beach Nourishment
Coastal Boundaries
Dams, Effect on Coasts
Erosion, Historical Analysis and Forecasting
Erosion Processes
Navigation Structures
Sediment Budget
Shore Protection Structures
Cross-references
Beach Sediment Characteristics
Barrier
Barrier Islands
Carbonate Sandy Beaches
Deltas
Dune Ridges
Muddy Coasts
Tidal Environments
Tidal Inlets
Wave-Dominated Coasts
Cross-references
Accretion and Erosion Waves on Beaches
Beach Features
Coastal Warfare
Erosion Processes
Ripple Marks
Cross-references
Changing Sea Levels
Geochronology
Global Warming (see Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming)
Holocene Epoch
Peat
Salt Marsh
Sea-Level Indicators, Biological in Depositional Sequences
Tide Gauges
Cross-references
Algal Rims
Bioconstruction
Bioerosion
Bioherms and Biostromes
Coral Reefs
Littoral
Notches
Sea-Level Indicators, Biological in Depositional Sequences
Sea-Level Indicators, Geomorphic
Shore Platforms
Cross-references
Bogs
Coastal Lakes and Lagoons
Coral Raefs
Estuaries
Holocene Epoch
Ingression, Regression, and Transgression
Peat
Rock Coast Processes
Sea Level Indicators—Biological in Depositional Sequences
Submerged Coasts
Tides
Cross-references
Beach Features
Beachrock
Cheniers
Marine Terraces
Muddy Coasts
Notches
Peat
Salt Marsh
Sequence Stratigraphy
Shore Platforms
Strandflat
Tidal Flats
Trottoirs
Cross-references
Barrier Islands
Beach Erosion
Changing Sea Levels
Coastal Zone Management
Estuaries
Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
Sea-Level Changes During the Last Millennium
Setbacks
Shore Protection Structures
Small Islands
Washover Effects
Wetlands
Cross-references
Barrier Islands
Barrier
Beach Erosion
Beach Nourishment
Beach Processes
Bypassing at Littoral Drift Barriers
Cliffs, Erosion Rates
Coastal Changes, Gradual
Coastline Changes
Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Dams, Effect on Coasts
Depth of Closure on Sandy Coasts
Dune Ridges
Dynamic Equilibrium of Beaches
Energy and Sediment Budgets of the Global Coastal Zone
Eolian Processes
Erosion Processes
Gross Transport
Littoral Cells
Longshore Sediment Transport
Net Transport
Numerical Modeling
Sandy Coasts
Sea-Level Rise, Effect
Shore Protection Structures
Storm Surge
Wave-Dominated Coasts
Waves
Cross-references
Beach Processes
Coastal Changes, Rapid
Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Longshore Sediment Transport
Nearshore Sediment Transport Measurement
Ripple Marks
Surf Zone Processes
Waves
Cross-references
Coastal Changes, Gradual
Coastal Subsidence
Dams, Effect on Coasts
Deltaic Ecology
Deltas
Sequence Stratigraphy
Submerged Coasts
Submerging Coasts
Cross-references
Changing Sea Levels
Faulted Coasts
Submerging Coasts
Tectonics and Neotectonics
Uplift Coasts
Cross-references
Beach Stratigraphy
Changing Sea Levels
Coastal Sedimentary Facies
Geochronology
Ground-Penetrating Radar
Ingression, Regression, and Transgression
Late Quaternary Marine Transgression
Monitoring, Coastal Geomorphology
Seismic Survey
Cross-references
Caribbean Islands, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Coasts, Coastlines, Shores, and Shorelines
Coastal Zone Management
Erosion Processes
Managed Retreat
Mapping Shores and Coastal Terrain
Meteorological Effects on Coasts
Natural Hazards
Sea-Level Rise, Effect
Storm Surge
Cross-references
Asia, Middle East, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Coral Reef Coasts
Desert Coasts
Ria
Cross-references
Changing Sea Levels
Continental Shelves
Coastal Currents
Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Deltas
Depth of Closure on Sandy Coasts
Erosion Processes
Longshore Sediment Transport
Offshore Sand Banks and Linear Sand Ridges
Offshore Sand Sheets
Paleocoastlines
Physical Models
Sequence Stratigraphy
Shoreface
Wave-Current Interaction
Cross-references
Archaeological Site Location, Effect of Sea-Level Changes
Archaeology
Geochronology
Human Impact on Coasts
Cross-references
Cliffed Coasts
Cliffs, Erosion Rates
Cliffs, Lithology versus Erosion Rates
Erosion Processes
Notches
Thalassostatic Terraces
Weathering in the Coastal Zone
Cross-references
Beach Erosion
Beach Processes
Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Gross Transport
History, Coastal Protection
Longshore Sediment Transport
Net Transport
Washover Effects
Cross-references
Bars
Beach Sediment Characteristics
Beach Stratigraphy
Coastal Sedimentary Facies
Cross-shore Sediment Transport
Cross-shore Variation in Sediment Size
Dynamic Equilibrium of Beaches
Ripple Marks
Shelf Processes
Surf Zone Processes
Cross-references
Beach Erosion
Beach Features
Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Dissipative Beaches
Erosion Processes
Longshore Sediment Transport
Reflective Beaches
Rhythmic Patterns
Sandy Coasts
Surf Modeling
Surf Zone Processes
Cross-references
Barrier Islands
Changing Sea Levels
Coral Reef Islands
Demography of Coastal Populations
Mangroves, Ecology
Mining of Coastal Materials
Natural Hazards
Sea-Level Rise, Effect
Storm Surge
Tsunami
Cross-references
Beach Processes
Coastal Lakes and Lagoons
Coral Reefs
El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Estuaries
Human Impact on Coasts
Mangroves, Ecology
Mangroves, Geomorphology
Muddy Coasts
Rock Coast Processes
Sandy Coasts
Salt Marsh
South America, Coastal Geomorphology
Vegetated Coasts
Cross-references
Antarctica, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Cheniers
Cliffed Coasts
Coral Reef Coasts
Deltas
Estuaries
Mangroves, Ecology
Mangroves, Geomorphology
Middle America, Coastal Ecology and Geomorphology
Muddy Coasts
Sandy Coasts
South America, Coastal Ecology
Cross-references
Accretion and Erosion Waves on Beaches
Beach Features
Beach Processes
Coastal Modeling and Simulation
Modeling Platforms, Terraces and Coastal Evolution
Physical Models
Wave Refraction Diagram
Cross-Bibliography
Changing Sea Levels
Meteorologic Effects on Coasts
Natural Hazards
Sea-Level Rise, Effect
Tide Gauges
Tides
Waves
Cross-Bibliography
Cliffs, Erosion Rates
Glaciated Coasts
Ice-Bordered Coasts
Paraglacial Coasts
Rock Coast Processes
Shore Platforms
Weathering Processes
Cross-Bibliography
Hydrology of Coastal Zone
Numerical Modeling
Shoreface
Water Quality
Cross-Bibliography
Changing Sea Levels
Coastal Subsidence
Coastline Changes
Continental Shelves
Eustasy
Geochronology
Ingression, Regression and Transgression
Late Quaternary Marine Transgression
Paleocoastlines
Placer Deposits
Sea-Level Indicators, Geomorphic
Sedimentary Basins
Sequence Stratigraphy
Cross-references
Changing Sea Levels
Coastal Subsidence
Sedimentary Basins
Isostasy
Tectonics and Neotectonics
Cross-references
Surf Zone Processes
Tides
Wave Climate
Wave Environments
Wave Refraction Diagrum
Waves
Cross-references
Bars
Beach Erosion
Beach Processes
Cross-Shore Sediment Transport
Coastal Currents
Erosion Processes
Longshore Sediment Transport
Surf Modeling
Wave Refraction Diagrams
Waves
Cross-references
Geotextile Applications
Lifesaving and Beach Safety
Rating Beaches
Surf Zone Processes
Wave Refraction Diagram
Waves
Cross-references
Airborne Laser Terrain Mapping and Light Detection Ranging
Mangroves
Mapping Shores and Coastal Terrain
Photogrammetry
RADARSAT-2
Remote Sensing of Coastal Environments
Waves
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Healy, T.R. et al. (2005). S. In: Schwartz, M.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_18
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