Abstract
Sea urchins have long been used to study morphogenesis and cell fate specification and are an established model system in developmental biology (1). Most contemporary studies have focused on early development, however, and few molecular genetic studies have examined larval development, or the formation of the highly derived radial body plan of the adult (2). A better understanding of the molecular genetic basis of both the body plans of this phylum may contribute significantly to several fields of biology (3,4).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wray, G. A. (1997) Echinoderms, in Embryology (Gilberts, S. C. and Raunio, A. M., eds.), Sinaeur, Sunderland, MA, pp. 309–330.
Lowe, C. J. and Wray, G. A. (1997) Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes during echinoderm evolution. Nature 389, 718–721.
Slack, J. M., Holland, P. W., and Graham, C. F. (1993) The zootype and the phylotypic stage. Nature 361, 490–492.
Raff, R. A. (1996) The Shape of Life. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Garstang, W. (1928) The morphology of the Tunicata, and its bearings on the phylogeny of the Chordata. Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 72, 51–187.
Berrill, N. J. (1955) The Origin of Vertebrates, Clarendon, Oxford.
Lake, J. A. (1990) Origin of the Metazoa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 763–766.
Gee, H. (1996) Before the Backbone. Chapman Hall, London.
Popodi, E., Kissinger, J. C., Andrews, M. E., and Raff, R. A. (1996) Sea urchin hox genes—Insights into the ancestral hox cluster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13, 1078–1086.
Wray, G. A. and Lowe, C. J. Developmental regulatory genes and echinoderm evolution. Systematic Biology, in press.
Lowe, C. J. and Wray, G. A. Gene recruitment in echinoderm early life history evolution, in preparation.
Cavanaugh, G. M., ed. (1975) Formulae and Methods of the Marine Biological Laboratory Chemical Room, 6th ed. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA.
Brusca, R. C. and Brusca, G. J. (1990) Invertebrates, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
Strathmann, M. F. (1987) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Wray, G. A. and McClay (1989) Molecular heterochronies and heterotopies in early echinoid development. Evolution 43, 803–813.
Kumé, M. and Dan, K. (1968) Invertebrate Embryology, Nolit Publishing House, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Fraser, A., Gomez, J., Hartwick, E. B., and Smith M. J. (1981) Observations on the reproduction and development of Pisaster ochraceus (Brandt). Can. J. Zool. 59, 1700–1707.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Lowe, C.J., Wray, G.A. (2000). Rearing Larvae of Sea Urchins and Sea Stars for Developmental Studies. In: Walker, J.M., Tuan, R.S., Lo, C.W. (eds) Developmental Biology Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 135. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-685-1:9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-685-1:9
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-852-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-685-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols