Skip to main content

Peptide Sequencing of 2-DE Gel-Isolated Proteins by Nanoelectrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

  • Protocol

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 112))

Abstract

Shortly after the introduction of electrospray as a viable ionization technique for large molecules (1), electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES MS/MS) techniques, such as HPLC-ES MS/MS, were used successfully for peptide sequencing at picomole and subpicomole levels (24). In LC-MS/MS, peptide sequence information is generated during the short time, 10–30 s, that a peptide elutes from the HPLC column run at a flow rate of 0.5–5 μL/min. This time frame rarely allows optimization of experimental parameters for MS/MS sequencing of individual peptides unless several LC-MS/MS experiments can be performed on a sample. With the introduction of the nanoelectrospray ion source (57), the time constraint of tandem mass spectrometry has been removed, and peptide sequencing has been reliably extended to the femtomole level of gel-isolated protein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Fenn, J. B., Mann, M., Meng, C. K., Wong, S. F., and Whitehouse, C. M. (1989) Electrospray ionization for the mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Science 246, 64–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Covey, T. R., Huang, E. C., and Henion, J. D. (1991) Structural characterization of protein tryptic peptides via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation of their doubly charged molecular ions. Anal. Chem. 63, 1193–1200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Griffin, P. R., Coffman, J. A., Hood, L. E., and Yates, J. R. III (1991) Structural analysis of proteins by capillary HPLC electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 111, 131–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hunt, D. F., Henderson, R. A., Shabanowitz, J., Sakaguchi, K., Michel, H., Sevilir, N., et al. (1992) Characterization of peptides bound to the class I MHC molecule HLA-A2.1 by mass spectrometry. Science 255, 1261–1263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wilm, M. S. and Mann, M. (1994) Electrospray and Taylor-Cone theory, Dole’s beam of macromolecules at last? Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 136, 167–180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wilm, M. and Mann, M. (1996) Analytical properties of the nano electrospray ion source. Anal. Chem. 66, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wilm, M., Shevchenko, A., Houthaeve, T., Breit, S., Schweigerer, L., Fotsis, T., et al. (1996) Femtomole sequencing of proteins from polyacrylamide gels by nano electrospray mass spectrometry. Nature 379, 466–469.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Muzio, M., Chinnaiyan, A. M., Kischkel, F. C., Rourke, K. O., Shevchenko, A., Ni, J., et al. (1996) FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex. Cell 85, 817–827.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Shevchenko, A., Jensen, O. N., Podtelejnikov, A. V., Sagliocco, F., Wilm, M., Vorm, O., et al. (1996) Linking genome and proteome by mass spectrometry: large scale identification of yeast proteins from two dimensional gels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 14,440–14,445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shevchenko, A., Wilm, M., and Mann, M. (1997) Peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry for homology searches and cloning of genes. J. Protein Chem. 16(5), 481–490.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lingner, J., Hughes, T. R., Shevchenko, A., Mann, M., Lundblad, V., and Cech, T. R. (1997) Reverse transcriptase motifs in the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Science 276, 561–567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Varga-Weisz, P. D., Wilm, M., Bonte, E., Dumas, K., Mann, M., and Becker, P. B. (1997) Chromatin-remodelling factor CHRAC contains the ATPases ISWI and topoisomerase II. Nature 388, 598–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Roepstorff, P. and Fohlmann, J. (1984) Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra of peptides. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 11, 601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Biemann, K. (1988) Contributions of mass spectrometry to peptide and protein structure. Biomed. Environm. Mass Spectrom. 16, 99–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hunt, D. F., Yates, J. R., Shabanowitz, J., Winston, S., and Hauer, C. R. (1986) Peptide Sequencing by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 6233–6237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Biemann, K. and Scoble, H. A. (1987) Characterization by tandem mass spectrometry of structural modifications in proteins. Science 237, 992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wilm, M., Neubauer, G., and Mann, M. (1996) Parent ion scans of unseparated peptide mixtures. Anal. Chem. 68, 527–533.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Huddleston, M. J., Annan, R. S., Bean, M. T., and Carr, S. A. (1993) Selective detection of phosphopeptides in complex mixtures by electrospray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 4, 710–717.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Carr, S. A., Huddleston, M. J., and Annan, R. S. (1996) Selective detection and sequencing of phosphopeptides at the femtomole level by mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 239, 180–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carr, S. A., Huddleston, M. J., and Bean, M. F. (1993) Selective identification and differentiation of N-and O-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Protein Sci. 2, 183–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Neubauer, G. and Mann, M. (1997) Parent ion scans of large molecules. J. Mass Spectrom. 32, 94–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Shevchenko, A., Chernuchevich, I., Ens, W., Standing, K., Thomson, B., Wilm, M., et al. (1997) Rapid de novo peptide sequencing by a combination of nanoelectrospray, isotope labeling and a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11, 1015–1024.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mann, M. and Wilm, M. S. (1994) Error tolerant identification of peptides in sequence databases by peptide sequence tags. Anal. Chem. 66, 4390–4399.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mann, M. (1994) Sequence database searching by mass spectrometric data, in Microcharacterization of Proteins (Kellner, R., Lottspeich, F., and Meyer, H. E., eds.), VCH Weinheim, pp. 223–245.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jiang, X., Smith, J. B., and Abraham, E. C. (1996) Identification of a MSMS diagnostic for methionine sulfoxide. J. Mass Spectrom. 31, 1309–1310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lagerwerf, F. M., van der Weert, M., Heerma, W., and Haverkamp, J. (1996) Identification of oxidized methionine in peptides. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 10, 1905–1910.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mann, M. (1996) A shortcut to interesting human genes: Peptide Sequence Tags, ESTs and Computers. Trends in Biol. Sci. 21, 494–495.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Knapp, D. R. (1990) Chemical derivatization for mass spectrometry, in Meth. Enzymol. 193 (McCloskey, J. A., ed.), (Academic, New York), pp. 314–329.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Takao, T., Hori, H., Okamoto, K., Harada, A., Kamachi, M., and Shimonishi, Y. (1991) Facile assignment of sequence ions of a peptide labelled with 18 O at the carboxyl terminus. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 5, 312–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schnölzer, M., Jedrzejewski, P., and Lehmann, W. D. (1996) Protease catalyzed incorporation of 18-O into peptide fragments and its application for protein sequencing by electrospray and MALD ionization mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 17.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kriger, M. S., Cook, K. D., and Ramsey, R. S. (1995) Durable gold coated fused silica capillaries for use in electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67, 385–389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Valaskovic, G. A. and McLafferty, F. W. (1996) Long-lived metallized tips for nanoliter electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 7, 1270–1272.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Taylor, G. (1964) Taylor cone theory. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A. 280, 383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Morand, K., Talbo, G., and Mann, M. (1993) Oxidation of peptides during electrospray ionization. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 7, 738–743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Jensen, O.N., Wilm, M., Shevchenko, A., Mann, M. (1999). Peptide Sequencing of 2-DE Gel-Isolated Proteins by Nanoelectrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. In: Link, A.J. (eds) 2-D Proteome Analysis Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 112. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-584-7:571

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-584-7:571

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-524-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-584-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics