Abstract
Cell wall recalcitrance is the largest contributor to the high expense of lignocellulose conversion to biofuels (Himmel ME et al., Science 315:804–807, 2007). In response to this problem, researchers at the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) are working to determine the contributing factors of biomass recalcitrance. The primary approach to this is screening large sample sets of genetic and environmental variants of model and feedstock plant species for differences in recalcitrance to combined hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (Decker S et al., BioEnergy Res 2:179–192, 2009). To handle these large sample sets (up to several thousand samples per set), the BESC has developed high throughput screening systems to evaluate both cell wall composition and recalcitrance (Selig MJ et al., Biotechnol Lett 33:961–967, 2011; Selig MJ et al., Ind Biotechnol 6, 104–111, 2010). Molecular beam mass spectroscopy and high throughput, 2-stage acid hydrolysis are used to determine amounts and ratios of cell wall components such as lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Recalcitrance is measured by glucose and xylose release after high throughput hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification, screening large numbers (up to 1,000 s per week) of biomass samples (Selig MJ et al., Ind Biotechnol 6, 104–111, 2010; Sykes R et al., Methods Mol Biol 581, 169–183, 2009). Implementation of these high throughput techniques revealed additional concerns when screening biomass samples for recalcitrance, principal among these was the contribution of starch to glucose release quantitation in both compositional analysis and recalcitrance screening.
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References
Decker S, Brunecky R, Tucker MP, Himmel ME, Selig M (2009) High-throughput screening techniques for biomass conversion. BioEnergy Res 2:179–192
Selig MJ, Tucker MP, Sykes RW, Reichel KL, Brunecky R, Himmel ME, Davis MF, Decker SR (2010) Lignocellulose recalcitrance screening by integrated high-throughput hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. Ind Biotechnol 6:104–111
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), which is a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
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Decker, S.R. et al. (2012). Reducing the Effect of Variable Starch Levels in Biomass Recalcitrance Screening. In: Himmel, M. (eds) Biomass Conversion. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 908. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-956-3_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-956-3_17
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