Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis is a suitable protein expression method for the high-throughput use because a PCR-amplified linear DNA fragment is utilized as a template for protein synthesis without any cloning procedures. We have developed a two-step PCR method for high-throughput and robust production of linear templates ready for cell-free protein synthesis. A high-throughput protein expression method has been established by combining the batch-mode cell-free protein synthesis with the two-step PCR, which is performed on multiwell plates, and is thus adapted for robotics. In this chapter, our two-step PCR method and the batch-mode cell-free protein synthesis are described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Yabuki, T., Motoda, Y., Hanada, K., Nunokawa, E., Saito, M., Seki, E., Inoue, M., Kigawa, T., and Yokoyama, S. (2007) A robust two-step PCR method of template DNA production for high-throughput cell-free protein synthesis. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 8, 173–191.
Seki, E., Matsuda, N., Yokoyama, S., and Kigawa, T. (2008) Cell-free protein synthesis system from Escherichia coli cells cultured at decreased temperatures improves productivity by decreasing DNA template degradation. Anal. Biochem. 377, 156–161.
Yabuki, T., Kigawa, T., Dohmae, N., Takio, K., Terada, T., Ito, Y., Laue, E. D., Cooper, J. A., Kainosho, M., and Yokoyama, S. (1998) Dual amino acid-selective and site-directed stable-isotope labeling of the human c-Ha-Ras protein by cell-free synthesis. J. Biomol. NMR 11, 295–306.
Tochio, N., Umehara, T., Koshiba, S., Inoue, M., Yabuki, T., Aoki, M., Seki, E., Watanabe, S., Tomo, Y., Hanada, M., Ikari, M., Sato, M., Terada, T., Nagase, T., Ohara, O., Shirouzu, M., Tanaka, A., Kigawa, T., and Yokoyama, S. (2006) Solution structure of the SWIRM domain of human histone demethylase LSD1. Structure 14, 457–468.
Li, H., Koshiba, S., Hayashi, F., Tochio, N., Tomozawa, T., Kasai, T., Yabuki, T., Motoda, Y., Harada, T., Watanabe, S., Inoue, M., Hayashizaki, Y., Tanaka, A., Kigawa, T., and Yokoyama, S. (2008) Structure of the C-terminal PID domain of Fe65L1 complexed with the cytoplasmic tail of APP reveals a novel peptide binding mode. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 27165–27178.
Kurimoto, K., Muto, Y., Obayashi, N., Terada, T., Shirouzu, M., Yabuki, T., Aoki, M., Seki, E., Matsuda, T., Kigawa, T., Okumura, H., Tanaka, A., Shibata, N., Kashikawa, M., Agata, K., and Yokoyama, S. (2005) Crystal structure of the N-terminal RecA-like domain of a DEAD-box RNA helicase, the Dugesia japonica vasa-like gene B protein. J. Struct. Biol. 150, 58–68.
Murayama, K., Shirouzu, M., Kawasaki, Y., Kato-Murayama, M., Hanawa-Suetsugu, K., Sakamoto, A., Katsura, Y., Suenaga, A., Toyama, M., Terada, T., Taiji, M., Akiyama, T., and Yokoyama, S. (2007) Crystal structure of the rac activator, Asef, reveals its autoinhibitory mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 4238–4242.
Kigawa, T., Yamaguchi-Nunokawa, E., Kodama, K., Matsuda, T., Yabuki, T., Matsuda, N., Ishitani, R., Nureki, O., and Yokoyama, S. (2002) Selenomethionine incorporation into a protein by cell-free synthesis. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 2, 29–35.
Kang, S. H., Kim, D. M., Kim, H. J., Jun, S. Y., Lee, K. Y., and Kim, H. J. (2005) Cell-free production of aggregation-prone proteins in soluble and active forms. Biotechnol. Prog. 21, 1412–1419.
Ryabova, L. A., Desplancq, D., Spirin, A. S., and Pluckthun, A. (1997) Functional antibody production using cell-free translation: effects of protein disulfide isomerase and chaperones. Nat. Biotechnol. 15, 79–84.
Matsuda, T., Kigawa, T., Koshiba, S., Inoue, M., Aoki, M., Yamasaki, K., Seki, M., Shinozaki, K., and Yokoyama, S. (2006) Cell-free synthesis of zinc-binding proteins. J. Struct. Funct. Genomics 7, 93–100.
Yokoyama, S. (2003) Protein expression systems for structural genomics and proteomics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 7, 39–43.
Kigawa, T., Inoue, M., Aoki, M., Matsuda, T., Yabuki, T., Seki, E., Harada, T., Watanabe, S., and Yokoyama, S. (2007) The use of the Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis for structural biology and structural proteomics, in Cell-Free Protein Synthesis. Methods and Protocols (Spirin, A. S., Swartz, J. R., Eds.), pp. 99–109, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
Kigawa, T., Matsuda, T., Yabuki, T., and Yokoyama, S. (2007) Bacterial cell-free system for highly efficient protein synthesis, in Cell-Free Protein Synthesis. Methods and Protocols (Spirin, A. S., Swartz, J. R., Eds.), pp. 83–97, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
Seki, M., Narusaka, M., Kamiya, A., Ishida, J., Satou, M., Sakurai, T., Nakajima, M., Enju, A., Akiyama, K., Oono, Y., Muramatsu, M., Hayashizaki, Y., Kawai, J., Carninci, P., Itoh, M., Ishii, Y., Arakawa, T., Shibata, K., Shinagawa, A., and Shinozaki, K. (2002) Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection. Science 296, 141–145.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Takashi Yabuki, Satoru Watanabe, Yoko Motoda, and Kazuharu Hanada for developing our two-step PCR method.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kigawa, T. (2010). Analysis of Protein Functions Through a Bacterial Cell-Free Protein Expression System. In: Endo, Y., Takai, K., Ueda, T. (eds) Cell-Free Protein Production. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 607. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-331-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-331-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-330-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-331-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols