Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Stem Cell Heterogeneity pp 319–333Cite as

Reporter Systems to Study Cancer Stem Cells

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1516))

Abstract

Cancer stem cells have been identified in primary tumors, patient derived xenografts, and established cancer cell lines. The development of reporters has enabled investigators to rapidly enrich for these cells and more importantly track these cells in real time. Here we describe the current state of the reporter field and their use and limitations in multiple cancers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Ajani JA, Song S, Hochster HS, Steinberg IB (2015) Cancer stem cells: the promise and the potential. Semin Oncol 42 Suppl 1:S3–S17

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wang A, Chen L, Li C, Zhu Y (2015) Heterogeneity in cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 357(1):63–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Dg T (2012) Understanding cancer stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity. Cell Res 22(3):457–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Huntly BJ, Gilliland DG (2005) Leukemia stem cells and the evolution of cancer-stem-cell research. Nat Rev Cancer 5(4):311–321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(7):3983–3988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, Henkelman RM, Cusimano MD, Dirks PB (2004) Identification of human brain tumor initiating cells. Nature 432(7015):396–401

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. O’Brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick JE (2007) A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature 445(7123):106–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Adorno-Cruz V, Kibria G, Liu X, Doherty M, Junk DJ, Guan D, Hubert C, Venere M, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Sinyuk M, Alvarado A, Caplan AI, Rich J, Gerson SL, Lathia J, Liu H (2015) Cancer stem cells: targeting the roots of cancer, seeds of metastasis, and sources of therapy resistance. Cancer Res 75(6):924–929

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Hoofd C, Wand X, Lam S, Jenkins C, Wood B, Giambra V, Weng AP (2016) CD44 promotes chemoresistance in T-ALL by increased drug efflux. Exp Hematol 44(3):166.e17–171.e17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yoon C, Cho SJ, Aksoy BA, Park DJ, Schultz N, Ryeom SW, Yoon SS (2016) Chemotherapy resistance in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma is mediated by RhoA activation in cancer stem-like cells. Clin Cancer Res 22(4):971–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fong CY, Gilan O, Lam EY, Rubin AF, Ftouni S, Tyler D, Stanley K, Sinha D, Yeh P, Morison J, Giotopoulos G, Lugo D, Jeffrey P, Lee SC, Carpenter C, Gregory R, Ramsay RG, Lane SW, Abdel-Wahab O, Kouzarides T, Johnstone RW, Dawson SJ, Huntly BJ, Prinjha RK, Papenfuss AT, Dawson MA (2015) BET inhibitor resistance emerges from leukaemia stem cells. Nature 525(7570):538–542

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wicha MS, Liu S, Dontu G (2006) Cancer stem cells: an old idea—a paradigm shift. Cancer Res 66(4):1883–1890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Basset-Seguin N, Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Kunstfeld R, Dréno B, Mortier L, Ascierto PA, Licitra L, Dutriaux C, Thomas L, Jouary T, Meyer N, Guillot B, Dummer R, Fife K, Ernst DS, Williams S, Fittipaldo A, Xynos I, Hansson J (2015) Vismodegib in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (STEVIE): a pre-planned interim analysis of an international, open-label trial. Lancet Oncol 16(6):729–736

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Berlin J, Bendell JC, Hart LL, Firdaus I, Gore I, Hermann RC, Mulcahy MF, Zalupski MM, Mackey HM, Yauch RL, Graham RA, Bray GL, Low JA (2013) A randomized phase II trial of vismodegib versus placebo with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI and bevacizumab in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 19(1):258–267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Robinson GW, Orr BA, Wu G, Gururangan S, Lin T, Qaddoumi I, Packer RJ, Goldman S, Prados MD, Desjardins A, Chintagumpala M, Takebe N, Kaste SC, Rusch M, Allen SJ, Onar-Thomas A, Stewart CF, Fouladi M, Boyett JM, Gilbertson RJ, Curran T, Ellison DW, Gajjar A (2015) Vismodegib exerts targeted efficacy against recurrent sonic hedgehog-subgroup medulloblastoma: results from phase II pediatric brain tumor consortium studies PBTC-025B and PBTC-032. J Clin Oncol 33(24):2646–2654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ (2008) Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions. Nat Rev Cancer 8(10):755–768

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, Murdoch B, Hoang T, Caceres-Cortes J, Minden M, Paterson B, Caligiuri MA, Dick JE (1994) A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature 367(6464):645–648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Di Virgilio A, Conticello C, Ruco L, Peschle C, De Maria R (2008) Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ 15(3):504–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi DG, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Peschle C, De Maria R (2007) Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature 445(7123):111–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, Bonn VE, Hawkins C, Squire J, Dirks PB (2003) Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 63(18):5821–5828

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ma S, Chan KW, Hu L, Lee TK, Wo JY, Ng IO, Zheng BJ, Guan XY (2007) Identification and characterization of tumorigenic liver cancer stem/progenitor cells. Gastroenterology 132(7):2542–2556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Baba T, Convery PA, Matsumura N, Whitaker RS, Kondoh E, Perry T, Huang Z, Bentley RC, Mori S, Fujii S, Marks JR, Berchuck A, Murphy SK (2009) Epigenetic regulation of CD133 and tumorigenicity of CD133+ ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 28(2):209–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Santilli G, Binda M, Zaffaroni N, Daidone MG (2011) Breast cancer-initiating cells: insights into novel treatment strategies. Cancers (Basel) 3(1):1405–1425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dalerba P, Dylla SJ, Park IK, Liu R, Wang X, Cho RW, Hoey T, Gurney A, Huang EH, Simeone DM, Shelton AA, Parmiani G, Castelli C, Clarke MF (2007) Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(24):10158–10163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Collins AT, Berry PA, Hyde C, Stower MJ, Maitland NJ (2005) Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 65(23):10946–10951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Li C, Heidt DG, Dalerba P, Burant CF, Zhang L, Adsay V, Wicha M, Clarke MF, Simeone DM (2007) Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 67(3):1030–1037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang S, Balch C, Chan MW, Lai HC, Matei D, Schilder JM, Yan PS, Huang TH, Nephew KP (2008) Identification and characterization of ovarian cancer-initiating cells from primary human tumors. Cancer Res 68(11):4311–4320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Leung EL, Fiscus RR, Tung JW, Tin VP, Cheng LC, Sihoe AD, Fink LM, Ma Y, Wong MP (2010) Non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing CD44 are enriched for stem cell-like properties. PLoS One 5(11), e14062

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Takaishi S, Okumura T, Tu S, Wang SS, Shibata W, Vigneshwaran R, Gordon SA, Shimada Y, Wang TC (2009) Identification of gastric cancer stem cells using the cell surface marker CD44. Stem Cells 27(5):1006–1020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Lathia JD, Gallagher J, Heddleston JM, Wang J, Eyler CE, Macswords J, Wu Q, Vasanji A, McLendon RE, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN (2010) Integrin alpha 6 regulates glioblastoma stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 6(5):421–432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang WC, Shyh-Chang N, Yang H, Rai A, Umashankar S, Ma S, Soh BS, Sun LL, Tai BC, Nga ME, Bhakoo KK, Jayapal SR, Nichane M, Yu Q, Ahmed DA, Tan C, Sing WP, Tam J, Thirugananam A, Noghabi MS, Pang YH, Ang HS, Mitchell W, Robson P, Kaldis P, Soo RA, Swarup S, Lim EH, Lim B (2012) Glycine decarboxylase activity drives non-small cell lung cancer tumor-initiating cells and tumorigenesis. Cell 148(1–2):259–272

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Burgos-Ojeda D, Wu R, McLean K, Chen YC, Talpaz M, Yoon E, Cho KR, Buckanovich RJ (2015) CD24+ ovarian cancer cells are enriched for cancer-initiating cells and dependent on JAK2 signaling for growth and metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 14(7):1717–1727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Luo L, Zeng J, Liang B, Zhao Z, Sun L, Cao D, Yang J, Shen K (2011) Ovarian cancer cells with the CD117 phenotype are highly tumorigenic and are related to chemotherapy outcome. Exp Mol Pathol 91(2):596–602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Van Valckenborgh E, Matsui W, Agarwal P, Lub S, Dehui X, De Bruyne E, Menu E, Empsen C, van Grunsven L, Agarwal J, Wang Q, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Vanderkerken K (2012) Tumor-initiating capacity of CD138- and CD138+ tumor cells in the 5T33 multiple myeloma model. Leukemia 26(6):1436–1439

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Hermann PC, Huber SL, Herrler T, Aicher A, Ellwart JW, Guba M, Bruns CJ, Heeschen C (2007) Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell 1(3):313–323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Gemei M, Mirabelli P, Di Noto R, Corbo C, Iaccarino A, Zamboli A, Troncone G, Galizia G, Lieto E, Del Vecchio L, Salvatore F (2013) CD66c is a novel marker for colorectal cancer stem cell isolation, and its silencing halts tumor growth in vivo. Cancer 119(4):729–738

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Janzen DM, Tiourin E, Salehi JA, Paik DY, Lu J, Pellegrini M, Memarzadeh S (2015) An apoptosis-enhancing drug overcomes platinum resistance in a tumour-initiating subpopulation of ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 6:7956

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Yu L, Liu S, Zhang C, Zhang B, Simões BM, Eyre R, Liang Y, Yan H, Wu Z, Guo W, Clarke RB (2013) Enrichment of human osteosarcoma stem cells based on hTERT transcriptional activity. Oncotarget 4(12):2326–2338

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Tang B, Raviv A, Esposito D, Flanders KC, Daniel C, Nghiem BT, Garfield S, Lim L, Mannan P, Robles AI, Smith WI Jr, Zimmerberg J, Ravin R, Wakefield LM (2015) A flexible reporter system for direct observation and isolation of cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 4(1):155–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jeter CR, Liu B, Liu X, Chen X, Liu C, Calhoun-Davis T, Repass J, Zaehres H, Shen JJ, Tang DG (2011) NANOG promotes cancer stem cell characteristics and prostate cancer resistance to androgen deprivation. Oncogene 30(36):3833–3845

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Thiagarajan PS, Hitomi M, Hale JS, Alvarado AG, Otvos B, Sinyuk M, Stoltz K, Wiechert A, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Jarrar AM, Zheng Q, Thomas D, Egelhoff TT, Rich JN, Liu H, Lathia JD, Reizes O (2015) Development of a fluorescent reporter system to delineate cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Stem Cells 33(7):2114–2125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. D’Angelo RC, Ouzounova M, Davis A, Choi D, Tchuenkam SM, Kim G, Luther T, Quraishi AA, Senbabaoglu Y, Conley SJ, Clouthier SG, Hassan KA, Wicha MS, Korkaya H (2015) Notch reporter activity in breast cancer cell lines identifies a subset of cells with stem cell activity. Mol Cancer Ther 14(3):779–787

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Shan J, Shen J, Liu L, Xia F, Xu C, Duan G, Xu Y, Ma Q, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Ma L, Liu J, Xu S, Yan X, Bie P, Cui Y, Bian XW, Qian C (2012) Nanog regulates self-renewal of cancer stem cells through the insulin-like growth factor pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 56(3):1004–1014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Badeaux MA, Jeter C, Gong S, Liu B, Suraneni MV, Rundhaug J, Fischer SM, Yang T, Kusewitt D, Tang DG (2013) In vivo functional studies of tumor-specific retrogene NanogP8 in transgenic animals. Cell Cycle 12(15):2395–2408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. http://www.cbioportal.org

  46. Ben-Porath I, Thomson MW, Carey VJ, Ge R, Bell GW, Regev A, Weinberg RA (2008) An embryonic stem cell-like gene expression signature in poorly differentiated aggressive human tumors. Nat Genet 40(5):499–507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Somervaille TC, Matheny CJ, Spencer GJ, Iwasaki M, Rinn JL, Witten DM, Chang HY, Shurtleff SA, Downing JR, Cleary ML (2009) Hierarchical maintenance of MLL myeloid leukemia stem cells employs a transcriptional program shared with embryonic rather than adult stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 4(2):129–140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Cioffi M, D’Alterio C, Camerlingo R, Tirino V, Consales C, Riccio A, Ieranò C, Cecere SC, Losito NS, Greggi S, Pignata S, Pirozzi G, Scala S (2015) Identification of a distinct population of CD133(+)CXCR4(+) cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 5:10357

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Meyer MJ, Fleming JM, Lin AF, Hussnain SA, Ginsburg E, Vonderhaar BK (2010) CD44posCD49fhiCD133/2hi defines xenograft-initiating cells in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 70(11):4624–4633

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Jeter CR, Badeaux M, Choy G, Chandra D, Patrawala L, Liu C, Calhoun-Davis T, Zaehres H, Daley GQ, Tang DG (2009) Functional evidence that the self-renewal gene NANOG regulates human tumor development. Stem Cells 27(5):993–1005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Wei F, Rong XX, Xie RY, Jia LT, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Shen HF, Lin XL, Yang J, Yang S, Hao WC, Chen Y, Xiao SJ, Zhou HR, Lin TY, Chen YS, Sun Y, Yao KT, Xiao D (2015) Cytokine-induced killer cells efficiently kill stem-like cancer cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the NKG2D-ligands recognition. Oncotarget 6(33):35023–35039

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Wiechert A, Saygin C, Thiagarajan C, Rao VS, Hale JS, Gupta N, Hitomi M, Nagaraj AB, DiFeo A, Lathia JD, Reizes O (2016). Cisplatin induces stemness in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget, in press

    Google Scholar 

  53. Boumahdi S, Driessens G, Lapouge G, Rorive S, Nassar D, Le Mercier M, Delatte B, Caauwe A, Lenglez S, Nkusi E, Brohée S, Salmon I, Dubois C, del Marmol V, Fuks F, Beck B, Blanpain C (2014) SOX2 controls tumour initiation and cancer stem-cell functions in squamous-cell carcinoma. Nature 511(7508):246–250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Liang S, Furuhashi M, Nakane R, Nakazawa S, Goudarzi H, Hamada J, Iizasa H (2013) Isolation and characterization of human breast cancer cells with SOX2 promoter activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 437(2):205–211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Liu XF, Yang WT, Xu R, Liu JT, Zheng PS (2014) Cervical cancer cells with positive Sox2 expression exhibit the properties of cancer stem cells. PLoS One 9(1), e87092

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Stoltz K, Sinyuk M, Wu Q, Otvos B, Walker K, Vasanji A, Rich JN, Hjelmeland AB, Lathia JD (2015) Development of a Sox2 reporter system modeling cellular heterogeneity in glioma. Neuro Oncol 17(3):361–371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Gammaitoni L, Giraudo L, Leuci V, Todorovic M, Mesiano G, Picciotto F, Pisacane A, Zaccagna A, Volpe MG, Gallo S, Caravelli D, Giacone E, Venesio T, Balsamo A, Pignochino Y, Grignani G, Carnevale-Schianca F, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D (2013) Effective activity of cytokine-induced killer cells against autologous metastatic melanoma including cells with stemness features. Clin Cancer Res 19(16):4347–4358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Wu G, Wilson G, Zhou G, Hebbard L, George J, Qiao L (2015) Oct4 is a reliable marker of liver tumor propagating cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Med 20(110):219–229

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Sangiolo D, Mesiano G, Gammaitoni L, Leuci V, Todorovic M, Giraudo L, Cammarata C, Dell’Aglio C, D’Ambrosio L, Pisacane A, Sarotto I, Miano S, Ferrero I, Carnevale-Schianca F, Pignochino Y, Sassi F, Bertotti A, Piacibello W, Fagioli F, Aglietta M, Grignani G (2014) Cytokine-induced killer cells eradicate bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Cancer Res 74(1):119–129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Yahyanejad S, Theys J, Vooijs M (2016) Targeting notch to overcome radiation resistance. Oncotarget 7(7):7610–28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Ranganathan P, Weaver KL, Capobianco AJ (2011) Notch signalling in solid tumours: a little bit of everything but not all the time. Nat Rev Cancer 11(5):338–351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Dang TP, Gazdar AF, Virmani AK, Sepetavec T, Hande KR, Minna JD, Roberts JR, Carbone DP (2000) Chromosome 19 translocation, overexpression of Notch3, and human lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 92(16):1355–1357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Konishi J, Kawaguchi KS, Vo H, Haruki N, Gonzalez A, Carbone DP, Dang TP (2007) Gamma-secretase inhibitor prevents Notch3 activation and reduces proliferation in human lung cancers. Cancer Res 67(17):8051–8057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hassan KA, Wang L, Korkaya H, Chen G, Maillard I, Beer DG, Kalemkerian GP, Wicha MS (2013) Notch pathway activity identifies cells with cancer stem cell-like properties and correlates with worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 19(8):1972–1980

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Bai L, Rohrschneider LR (2010) s-SHIP promoter expression marks activated stem cells in developing mouse mammary tissue. Genes Dev 24(17):1882–1892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Bauderlique-Le Roy H, Vennin C, Brocqueville G, Spruyt N, Adriaenssens E, Bourette RP (2015) Enrichment of human stem-like prostate cells with s-SHIP promoter activity uncovers a role in stemness for the long noncoding RNA H19. Stem Cells Dev 24(10):1252–1262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Ishii T, Yasuchika K, Suemori H, Nakatsuji N, Ikai I, Uemoto S (2010) Alpha-fetoprotein producing cells act as cancer progenitor cells in human cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 294(1):25–34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Hirsch D, Hu Y, Ried T, Moll R, Gaiser T (2014) Transcriptome profiling of LGR5 positive colorectal cancer cells. Genom Data 2:212–215

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Caner Saygin, Mohamed Samour, Anastasia Chumakova, Awad Jarrar, Justin D. Lathia & Ofer Reizes

  2. Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Mohamed Samour

  3. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Justin D. Lathia & Ofer Reizes

  4. Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Justin D. Lathia & Ofer Reizes

  5. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Justin D. Lathia & Ofer Reizes

Authors
  1. Caner Saygin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohamed Samour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anastasia Chumakova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Awad Jarrar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Justin D. Lathia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ofer Reizes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ofer Reizes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Saygin, C., Samour, M., Chumakova, A., Jarrar, A., Lathia, J.D., Reizes, O. (2016). Reporter Systems to Study Cancer Stem Cells. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Stem Cell Heterogeneity. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1516. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2016_360

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2016_360

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6549-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6550-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation