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Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens

  • Book
  • © 2005

Overview

Editors:
  1. Virginia H. Dale

    1. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA

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  2. Frederick J. Swanson

    1. USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, USA

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    You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

  3. Charles M. Crisafulli

    1. USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station, Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Amboy, USA

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  • A comprehensive, integrated source of information about the recovery of the catastrophic and well-studied natural disaster at Mount St. Helens, covering twenty-five years of interdisciplinary research

  • Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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Table of contents (20 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xx
    Download chapter PDF

  2. Introduction

    1. Disturbance, Survival, and Succession: Understanding Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens

      • Virginia H. Dale, Frederick J. Swanson, Charles M. Crisafulli
      Pages 3-11

    2. Geological and Ecological Settings of Mount St. Helens Before May 18, 1980

      • Frederick J. Swanson, Charles M. Crisafulli, David K. Yamaguchi
      Pages 13-26

    3. Physical Events, Environments, and Geological—Ecological Interactions at Mount St. Helens: March 1980–2004

      • Frederick J. Swanson, Jon J. Major
      Pages 27-44

  3. Survival and Establishment of Plant Communities

    1. Plant Responses in Forests of the Tephra-Fall Zone

      • Joseph A. Antos, Donald B. Zobel
      Pages 47-58

    2. Plant Succession on the Mount St. Helens Debris-Avalanche Deposit

      • Virginia H. Dale, Daniel R. Campbell, Wendy M. Adams, Charles M. Crisafulli, Virginia I. Dains, Peter M. Frenzen et al.
      Pages 59-73

    3. Geomorphic Change and Vegetation Development on the Muddy River Mudflow Deposit

      • Peter M. Frenzen, Keith S. Hadley, Jon J. Major, Marc H. Weber, Jerry F. Franklin, Jasper H. Hardison III et al.
      Pages 75-91

    4. Proximity, Microsites, and Biotic Interactions During Early Succession

      • Roger del Moral, David M. Wood, Jonathan H. Titus
      Pages 93-109

    5. Remote Sensing of Vegetation Responses During the First 20 Years Following the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens: A Spatially and Temporally Stratified Analysis

      • Rick Lawrence
      Pages 111-123

  4. Survival and Establishment of Animal Communities

    1. Arthropods as Pioneers in the Regeneration of Life on the Pyroclastic-Flow Deposits of Mount St. Helens

      • John S. Edwards, Patrick M. Sugg
      Pages 127-138

    2. Posteruption Arthropod Succession on the Mount St. Helens Volcano: The Ground-Dwelling Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera)

      • Robert R. Parmenter, Charles M. Crisafulli, Nicole C. Korbe, Gary L. Parsons, Melissa J. Kreutzian, James A. MacMahon
      Pages 139-150

    3. Causes and Consequences of Herbivory on Prairie Lupine (Lupinus lepidus) in Early Primary Succession

      • John G. Bishop, William F. Fagan, John D. Schade, Charles M. Crisafulli
      Pages 151-161

    4. Responses of Fish to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens

      • Peter A. Bisson, Charles M. Crisafulli, Brian R. Fransen, Robert E. Lucas, Charles P. Hawkins
      Pages 163-181

    5. Amphibian Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens

      • Charles M. Crisafulli, Louise S. Trippe, Charles P. Hawkins, James A. MacMahon
      Pages 183-197

    6. Small-Mammal Survival and Colonization on the Mount St. Helens Volcano: 1980–2002

      • Charles M. Crisafulli, James A. MacMahon, Robert R. Parmenter
      Pages 199-218

  5. Responses of Ecosystem Processes

    1. Mycorrhizae and Mount St. Helens:Story of a Symbiosis

      • Michael F. Allen, Charles M. Crisafulli, Sherri J. Morris, Louise M. Egerton-Warburton, James A. MacMahon, James M. Trappe
      Pages 221-231

    2. Patterns of Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling Across a Volcanic Disturbance Gradient: A Case Study Using Rodent Carcasses

      • Robert R. Parmenter
      Pages 233-242

    3. Lupine Effects on Soil Development and Function During Early Primary Succession at Mount St. Helens

      • Jonathan J. Halvorson, Jeffrey L. Smith, Ann C. Kennedy
      Pages 243-254

    4. Response and Recovery of Lakes

      • Clifford N. Dahm, Douglas W. Larson, Richard R. Petersen, Robert C. Wissmar
      Pages 255-274

  6. Lessons Learned

    1. Ecological Perspectives on Management of the Mount St. Helens Landscape

      • Virginia H. Dale, Frederick J. Swanson, Charles M. Crisafulli
      Pages 277-286
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Keywords

About this book

Recon?guring Disturbance, Succession, and Forest Management: The Science of Mount St. Helens When Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, it did more than just recon?gure a large piece of Cascadian landscape. It also led to dramatic revisions in our perspectives on disturbances, secondary succession, and forestry practices. The Mount St. Helens landscape turned out to be a far more complex place than the “moonscape” that it initially appeared to be. Granted, a large area was literally scoured and sterilized, and that vast expanse of newly formed rock, mud?ows, and avalanche debris up and down the mountain made the Mount St. Helens landscape unique. But I still remember my surprise when, as I stepped out of the helicopter on ?rst landing within the extensive “devastated zone,” I saw hundreds of plants pushing their way up through the mantel of tephra. Surviving organisms were stunning in their diversity, abundance, and the mechanisms by which they survived. They persisted as whole organisms living below ground, encased within late-persisting snowbanks, and buried in lake and stream sediments. They survived as rhizomes transported along with the massive landslide that accompanied the eruption and as stems that suffered the abrasion of mud?ows. Mud?ows ?oated nurse logs covered with tree seedlings and then redeposited them on the ?oor of a forested river terrace. Millions, perhaps billions, of plants survived as rootstocks and rhizomes that pushed their way up through the tephra, and others survived on the bases of uprooted trees.

Reviews

From the reviews:

"On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens in Washington state erupted violently … . In 20 chapters written by 48 contributors, this book provides an overview of the ecological and geological setting before the 1980 eruption and the geophysical environment created afterward. … A major contribution to disturbance ecology, this book belongs on every ecologist’s bookshelf. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through faculty/researchers." (R. L. Smith, CHOICE, November, 2005)

"The eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 was one of the most significant events of recent times. It allowed us to haven an almost unprecedented chance to examine ecological processes … . This is a fascinating book. It provides one of the very few detailed accounts of change. … It follows that for those interested in this study, this is a crucial text. Mt. St. Helens makes a superb case study: this text makes the work accessible for those outside the immediate research community." (TENews, August, 2005)

"The eruption of the Mount St. Helens in May 1980 was the most spectacular eruption since that of Krakatau in 1880 … . Due to the great progress in science, it was possible to organize immediately systematic and very complex research, results of which are comprehensively presented in the book published for 25th anniversary of the eruption. … The book is relevant not only for ecological theory, but also for practical restoration of disturbed sties. Moreover, one can read the book as a thrilling story." (Karel Prach, Folia Geobotanica, Vol. 41 (4), 2006)

Editors and Affiliations

  • Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA

    Virginia H. Dale

  • USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, USA

    Frederick J. Swanson

  • USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station, Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Amboy, USA

    Charles M. Crisafulli

About the editors

Virginia Dale is a Corporate Fellow in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  She is also an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee.

Fred Swanson is a Research Geologist at the USDA Forest Service Pacific NW Research Station in Corvallis, OR.

Charles Crisafulli is an Ecologist at the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research station in Olympia, WA.

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