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Fiber-reinforced computational model of the aortic root incorporating thoracic aorta and coronary structures

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading causes of death in the developed world. The decline in the mortality associated with circulatory system diseases is accredited to development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools. It is well known that there is an inter relationship between the aortic valve impairment and pathologies of the aorta and coronary vessels. However, due to the limitations of the current tools, the possible link is not fully elucidated. Following our previous model of the aortic root including the coronaries, in this study, we have further developed the global aspect of the model by incorporating the anatomical structure of the thoracic aorta. This model is different from all the previous studies in the sense that inclusion of the coronary structures and thoracic aorta into the natural aortic valve introduces the notion of globality into the model enabling us to explore the possible link between the regional pathologies. The developed model was first validated using the available data in the literature under physiological conditions. Then, to provide a support for the possible association between the localized cardiovascular pathologies and global variations in hemodynamic conditions, we simulated the model for two pathological conditions including moderate and severe aortic valve stenoses. The findings revealed that malformations of the aortic valve are associated with development of low wall shear stress regions and helical blood flow in thoracic aorta that are considered major contributors to aortic pathologies.

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Abbreviations

ALE:

Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian

AVA:

Aortic valve area

BCa:

Brachiocephalic artery

CB:

Conus branch

CS:

Cross section

DCx:

Distal circumflex

DLAD:

Diagonal branch of the LAD

ET:

Ejection time

FD:

Fictitious domain

FR:

Fiber reinforced

FSI:

Fluid–solid interaction

H:

Hyperplastic (nonlinear) material properties

I:

Isotropic material properties

L:

Linear material properties

LAD:

Left anterior descending

LCa:

Left carotid artery

LCA:

Left coronary arteries

LMS:

Left main stem

LSa:

Left subclavian

LVOT:

Left ventricle outflow tract

MCx:

Main circumflex

MLAD:

Main left anterior descending

NA:

Not available

O:

Orthotropic material properties

OM:

Obtuse marginal

PD:

Posterior descending

R:

Rigid

RCA:

Right coronary arteries

RMS:

Right main stem

RV:

Right ventricular

RVCT:

Rapid valve closing time

RVCV:

Rapid valve closing velocity

RVOT:

Rapid valve opening time

RVOV:

Rapid valve opening velocity

STJ:

Sinotubular junction

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by McGill Engineering Doctoral Award (MEDA), NSERC and Montreal Heart institute (MHI). This work was made possible by the facilities of the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET: www.sharcnet.ca) and Compute/Calcul Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada

    Hossein Mohammadi & Rosaire Mongrain

  2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada

    Raymond Cartier & Rosaire Mongrain

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  1. Hossein Mohammadi
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  2. Raymond Cartier
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  3. Rosaire Mongrain
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Correspondence to Rosaire Mongrain.

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Mohammadi, H., Cartier, R. & Mongrain, R. Fiber-reinforced computational model of the aortic root incorporating thoracic aorta and coronary structures. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 17, 263–283 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0959-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0959-6

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