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Paleo-fluids characterisation and fluid flow modelling along a regional transect in Northern United Arab Emirates (UAE)

وصف ونمذجة نظام جريان السوائل القديمة على طول القطع الاقليمي في شمال الامارات العربية المتحدة

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Abstract

In the Northern Emirates, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous platform carbonates of the Musandam parautochthonous units are tectonically overlain by siliciclastic units of the Hawasina–Sumeini allochthon, which derive from the former paleo-slope domain and a more distal basinal portion of the Arabian margin of the Tethys, respectively. All these tectonic units display numerous evidences of paleo-fluid circulations, accounting for dolomitisation and recrystallisation of the rock matrix (Musandam Platform units), as well as cementation of fractures. Polymict breccias of Upper Cretaceous Ausaq Formation which underlay the sole thrust of the Hawasina–Sumeini allochthon also record episodes of hydraulic fracturing, whereas fluid inclusion data indicate precipitation at high temperature in relation to paleo-fluid flow. Petrography of thin-sections (conventional and cathodoluminescence microscopic techniques) as well as fluid inclusion and stable isotopes analyses, were combined with micro-tectonic studies. These analytical data document (1) the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic products for the Musandam Platform (which constitutes a carbonate reservoir analogue) and Sumeini units of the Dibba Zone, as well as (2) the nature of the paleo-fluids circulating along fractures and the sole thrust of the Hawasina–Sumeini allochthon. The main results of this petrographic approach are qualitative, evidencing (1) the rapid and vertical transfer of hot fluids in the vicinity of the former slope to platform transition, accounting for episodes of hydrothermal dolomitisation, as well as (2) early (i.e. pre-orogenic) and late (i.e. post-orogenic) episodes of emersion of the carbonate units, accounting for additional interactions with meteoric fluids and karstification. In order to better link these diagenetic events with the overall burial, thermal and kinematic evolution of the Arabian margin, basin modelling with Ceres2D, including fluid flow and pore-fluid pressure modelling, was subsequently performed along a regional transect (D4) located in the vicinity of the samples localities and cross-cutting the Northern Oman Mountains from Dibba in the east up to the Arabian Gulf in the west. New subsurface constraints provided by deep seismic profiles were used to constrain the architecture of the cross-section, and to test various hypotheses on the lateral and vertical connection, timing and hydrodynamic behaviour of the faults. This Ceres basin modelling also provides new quantitative estimates of the paleo-fluid pathways, of the timing and velocities of the fluid transfers and of the evolution of pore-fluid pressures. Ultimately, this integration of petrographic studies on surface samples and coupled kinematic and fluid flow basin modelling provides an updated scenario for the succession of tectonically controlled episodes of fluid rock interactions, namely dolomitisation and karstification recorded in the Mesozoic platform carbonates of the Northern Emirates.

Abstract

في شمال الامارات تعلو وحدات من الصخور الفتاتيةHawasina-Sumeini تكتونيا وحدات صخور الكربونات Musandam parautochthonous والتي تعود للجوراسي والكريتاسي السفلي. كل هذه الوحدات التكتونية تظهر عدة ادلة لحدوث عملية تدوير للسوائل والتي تعتبر مسؤولة عن عمليات الدلمتة وإعادة التبلور لمادة الارضية لصخور الـ Musandam Platform بالإضافة الى عملية تشكيل المادة اللاحمة في الكسور. صخور البريشيا التابعة لمتكون Ausaq المنتمي للكريتاسي العلوي واللذي يقع تحت وحدات الـ Hawasina-Sumeini allochthon ايضا تسجل حدوث بعض الفترات من التكسر الهيدروليكي في حين تشير دراسة السوائل المكتنفة الى ترسب في درجات حرارة عالية بالمقارنة لنمط جريان السوائل القديمة.تم إضافة الدراسة البتروجرافية للشرائح الصخرية باستخدام تقنية المجاهر التقليدية و تقنية الـ cathodoluminescence المجهرية ودراسة وتحليل مكتنفات السوائل والنظائر غير المشعة مع دراسة التكتونية الدقيقة بهدف جمع البيانات اللازمة. هذه البيانات التحليلية تبين التالي: (1) التتابع المتسلسل والوثيق لنواتج النشأة المابعدية للـ Musandam Platform و وحدات الـ Sumeini التابعة لنطاق الـ Dibba و (2) طبيعة تدوير السوائل القديمة على طول الكسور و الصدع الموجود في اسفل الـ Hawasina-Sumeini allochthon.

النتائج النوعية الرئيسية لهذا الاسلوب البتروجرافي تثبت (1) الانتقال السريع والعمودي للسوائل الحارة في منطقة المنحدر السابق الى المنطقة الانتقالية لل platform والذي كان السبب في حدوث حالات من الدلمتة الحرمائية و (2) وجود حالات انكشاف مبكرة (قبل العملية التكتونية) ومتأخرة (بعد العملية التكتونية) للوحدات الصخرية الجيرية مسببة المزيد من التفاعل مع السوائل الخارجية و تكوين الطبوغرافية المعروفه بـ Karstification.

للربط بين عمليات النشأة التأخرة التي حدثت مع مجمل التطور في الحافة العربية من ناحية الدفن والحرارة والحركة تم عمل نمذجة للحوض الرسوبي باستخدام Ceres 2-D بالاضافة الى نمذجة حركة السائل وضغط السائل الموجود في المسامات على طول القطع الاقليمي (D4)والموجود في النطاق المحتوي على مناطق العينات المجموعة والذي يقطع بشكل عرضي جبال شمال عمان من الـDibba في الشرق والى الخليج العربي في الغرب. تم استخدام المسح السيزمي العميق لايجاد قيود تحت سطحية جديدة والتي تم استخدامها لتحديد البنية الداخلية للقطاع العرضي ولأختبار عدة فرضيات تتعلق بــ العلاقة الجانبية والعمودية والتوقيت والسلوك الهيدروديناميكي للصدوع.

هذا النوع من النمذجة يعطي ايضا تقديرات كمية جديدة لممرات السوائل القديمة ولتوقيت وسرعات انتقال هذه السوائل ولتطور ضغوط السائل الموجود في المسامات. ان هذا الدمج بين الدراسات البتروجرافية على العينات السطحية وبين نمذجة الاحواض الرسوبية من حيث الحركة وجريان السائل يوفر رؤية حديثة لتتابع حالات التفاعل بين السائل والصخرو المحكومة بالعوامل التكتونية, وتحديدا عمليات الدلمتة والطبوغرافية العروفة بـ karstificationالموجودة في صخور الكربونات التابعة للـ Mesozoic في شمال الامارات.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Saleh Al Mahmoudi, Khalid Al Hosani, Abdullah Gahnoog and the Ministry of Energy of the UAE for their long-term support during this project and authorising this publication. Patrick Le Foll and Denis Deldique are thanked for expertise in figure preparation.

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Author notes

  1. Liesbeth Breesch

    Present address: University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  2. Nadège Vilasi

    Present address: StatoilHydro ASA, Stavanger, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1-4 avenue de Bois Préau Rueil Malmaison Cedex, 92852, Paris, France

    Jean-Paul Callot, Liesbeth Breesch, François Roure & Nadège Vilasi

  2. KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Liesbeth Breesch, Rudy Swennen & Nadège Vilasi

  3. LMCM, CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

    Nicole Guilhaumou

  4. VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    François Roure

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Callot, JP., Breesch, L., Guilhaumou, N. et al. Paleo-fluids characterisation and fluid flow modelling along a regional transect in Northern United Arab Emirates (UAE). Arab J Geosci 3, 413–437 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-010-0233-z

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