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Serum vitamin D levels in females with urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of observational trials

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

The association of vitamin D deficiency with female urinary incontinence is unclear.

Methods

A systematic review of English and non-English articles was conducted. All observational studies in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Trials Register, and Google Scholar were searched until 5 October 2020. Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts and searching the bibliographies and abstracts of the compiled articles. Search terms included urinary incontinence and vitamin D. Article data, including study quality indicators, were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields.

Results

Two cohort studies, four case-control studies and five cross-sectional studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Two cohort studies and one cross-sectional study, with a total of 2501 females, were included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among the three studies was not observed (I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.69). All pooled analyses were based on fixed-effects models. No difference in vitamin D level was observed between the urinary incontinence group and the control group (mean difference 0.07 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.57–0.72, P = 0.81, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis revealed that adult females with urinary incontinence did not have lower serum vitamin D levels than control females.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Pei-Yin Pan, who served as a scientific advisor for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chih-Chen Hsu, Syuan-Hao Syu, Hung-Jen Shih, Yung-Wei Lin, Chi-Hao Hsiao, Ke-Hsun Lin, Liang-Ming Lee & Yu-Ching Wen

  2. Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yu-Chen Huang

  3. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yu-Chen Huang

  4. Research center of big data and meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yu-Chen Huang

  5. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Syuan-Hao Syu, Hung-Jen Shih, Yung-Wei Lin, Chi-Hao Hsiao, Liang-Ming Lee & Yu-Ching Wen

  6. Department of Urology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan

    Hung-Jen Shih

  7. College of Medicine International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yung-Wei Lin

  8. Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yu-Ching Wen

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  1. Chih-Chen Hsu
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Contributions

Liang-Ming Lee: proposed the topic.

Yu-Chen Huang: designed the study.

Chih-Chen Hsu, and Syuan-Hao Syu: performed database searching and data extraction and drafting.

Hung-Jen Shih, and Yung-Wei Lin: data analysis.

Chi-Hao Hsiao, and Ke-Hsun Lin: manuscript writing in discussion section.

Yu-Ching Wen: editing the manuscript and had final approval.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu-Ching Wen.

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Hsu, CC., Huang, YC., Syu, SH. et al. Serum vitamin D levels in females with urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of observational trials. Int Urogynecol J 33, 1187–1192 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04886-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04886-9

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