Protoplasma specializes in the area between structural and molecular analysis of biological systems from gene expression to the sub- and supracellular levels. The journal offers articles on structural and macromolecular cell biology of protists, fungi, plants, and animals, as well as prokaryotes. Coverage includes biogenesis, dynamics, and energetics of membrane compartments; targeting and trafficking of macromolecules; cellular dynamics, intracellular transport, and whole-cell locomotion; structure, dynamics, and molecular components of the cytoskeleton; signaling and regulatory cascades; the cell cycle and cell-to-cell communication. Besides research, rapid communications, and comprehensive review articles, Protoplasma publishes reviews of discoveries, and opportunities at the cutting edge of research under the headings New Ideas in Cell Biology.