Skip to main content
Log in

Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Patients Aged 80 Years and Older

Focus on the Tolerability of Thrombolytic Agents

  • Leading Article
  • Published:
Drugs & Aging Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ischaemic stroke is a devastating disease in the elderly with 30–50% 90-day mortality. Thrombolysis for stroke is potentially life saving and disability sparing in this group but the number of elderly patients studied in clinical trials, particularly those aged ≥80 years, has been small. Indeed, <50 patients aged >80 years have been treated in clinical thrombolytic trials of ischaemic stroke. However, there is no evidence of a differential treatment effect by age. Multiple cohort studies have suggested that the risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage among octogenarians is no different from that in younger patients. Thrombolysis can be safely offered to acute ischaemic stroke patients aged ≥80 years, although robust data from randomized clinical trials are relatively scarce.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Bruce C. V. Campbell, Deidre A. De Silva, … Geoffrey A. Donnan

References

  1. Bank TW, editor. The World Bank: world development report, 1993. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  2. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World population ageing: 1950–2050. 2002 World Assembly on Ageing. New York: United Nations, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  3. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1498–504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Silver LE, et al. Population-based study of event-rate, incidence, case fatality, and mortality for all acute vascular events in all arterial territories (Oxford Vascular Study). Lancet 2005; 19(366): 1773–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Adams Jr HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial: TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993; 24: 35–41

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2004 update. Dallas (TX): American Heart Association, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  7. Marini C, Baldassarre M, Russo T, et al. Burden of first-ever ischemic stroke in the oldest old: evidence from a populationbased study. Neurology 2004; 62: 77–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sharma JC, Fletcher S, Vassallo M. Strokes in the elderly: higher acute and 3-month mortality: an explanation. Cerebrovasc Dis 1999; 9: 2–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Di Carlo A, Lamassa M, Pracucci G, et al. Stroke in the very old: clinical presentation and determinants of 3-month functional outcome: a European perspective. European BIOMED Study of Stroke Care Group. Stroke 1999; 30: 2313–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. NINDS. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wardlaw JM, Zoppo G, Yamaguchi T, et al. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (3): CD000213

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sylaja PN, Cote R, Buchan AM, et al. Thrombolysis in patients older than 80 years with acute ischaemic stroke: Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 826–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet 2007; 369: 275–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Albers GW, Clarke WM, Madden KP, et al. ATLANTIS trial: results for patients treated within 3 hours of stroke onset. Stroke 2002; 33: 493–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995; 274: 1017–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke (ECASS II): Second European Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators. Lancet 1998; 352: 1245–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Engeiter ST, Bonati LH, Lyrer PA. Intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients of ≥80 versus <80 years of age: a systematic review across cohort studies. Age Ageing 2006; 35: 572–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. NINDS. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke: the NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Stroke 1997; 28: 2109–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. NINDS. Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke: subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke 1997; 28: 2119–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tanne D, Gorman MJ, Bates VE, et al. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 80 years and older: the tPA stroke survey experience. Stroke 2000; 31: 370–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Demaerschalk B, Merino JG, Silver B, et al. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients ≥80 years old: the London, Canada experience [abstract]. Stroke 2001; 32: 1368–9

    Google Scholar 

  22. Simon JE, Sandler DL, Pexman JHW, et al. Is intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) safe for use in patients over 80 years old with acute ischaemic stroke? The Calgary experience. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 143–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mouradian MS, Senthilselvan A, Jickling G, et al. Intravenous rt-PA for acute stroke: comparing its effectiveness in younger and older patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 1234–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Berrouschot J, Rother J, Glahn J, et al. Outcome and severe hemorrhagic complications of intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in very old (≥80 years) stroke patients. Stroke 2005; 36: 2421–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen CI, Iguchi Y, Grotta JC, et al. Intravenous TPA for very old stroke patients. Eur Neurol 2005; 54: 140–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Engeiter ST, Reichhart M, Sekoranja L, et al. Thrombolysis in stroke patients aged 80 years and older: Swiss survey of IV thrombolysis. Neurology 2005; 65: 1795–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Vatankhah B, Dittmar MS, Fehm NP, et al. Thrombolysis for stroke in the elderly. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2005; 20: 5–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. van Oostenbrugge RJ, Hupperts RM, Lodder J. Thrombolysis for acute stroke with special emphasis on the very old: experience from a single Dutch centre. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 375–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kammersgaard LP, Jorgensen HS, Reith J, et al. Short- and long-term prognosis for very old stroke patients: the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 149–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Dzialowski I, Pexman JH, Barber PA, et al. Asymptomatic hemorrhage after thrombolysis may not be benign: prognosis by hemorrhage type in the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study Registry. Stroke 2007; 38(1): 75–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hacke W, Donnan G, Fieschi C, et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet 2004; 363: 768–74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gebel JM, Sila CA, Sloan MA, et al. Thrombolysis-related intracranial hemorrhage: a radiographic analysis of 244 cases from the GUSTO-1 trial with clinical correlation: Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. Stroke 1998; 29: 563–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Tanne D, Kasner SE, Demchuk AM, et al. Markers of increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute ischemic stroke in clinical practice: the Multicenter rt-PA Stroke Survey. Circulation 2002; 105: 1679–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Heuschmann PU, Kolominsky Rabas PL, Roether J, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy. JAMA 2004; 292: 1831–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. McCormick MT, Muir KW. Referral bias may underestimate number of very elderly patients eligible for rtPA. Stroke 2006; 37: 942–3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fairhead JF, Rothwell PM. Underinvestigation and undertreatment of carotid disease in elderly patients with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: comparative population based study. BMJ 2006; 333: 525–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Dr Hill has been funded by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Alberta and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. Dr Hill has received honoraria from Hoffmann-LaRoche Canada for continuing medical education but the authors otherwise have no conflicts of interest directly relevant to the content of this review.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael D. Hill.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Poppe, A.Y., Hill, M.D. Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Patients Aged 80 Years and Older. Drugs Aging 25, 95–103 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200825020-00002

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200825020-00002

Keywords

Navigation