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Strength and mechanical behavior of soil–cement–lime–rice husk ash (soil–CLR) mixture

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Abstract

This study presents results of geotechnical investigations on treated silty sand soil with cement, lime and rice husk ash (CLR) and cement-lime (CL) admixture. Consolidated undrained triaxial test and unconfined compressive test were performed to estimate the potential of CLR and CL. The study investigates the influence of the amount of CLR%, main effective stress and curing days on soil strength, deformation, post peak behavior and brittleness. The percentages of the additives of CLR and CL varied from 2.5 to 12.5 % by dry weight of the soil with dry densities of 14.5 kN/m3 and the curing times of 3, 7, 28 and 60 days were examined. From the results, the stress–strain response is strongly influenced by the CLR contents and effective confining pressure. Strength and post peak strength of the CLR–soil are greatly improved by an increase in binder content. An increase of the effective cohesion c′ (kPa) and effective friction Φ′ (degree) is observed with increasing the CLR content, consistently. Brittle behavior observed at lower confining pressures and high CLR content. For both CLR and CL additives, linear trend was observed for variation of the q u (kPa) with respect to the additives percentages. RHA was also found to be effective in increasing the shear strength of CLR–soil mixture.

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Abbreviations

CLR:

Cement, lime and RHA content

CL:

Cement and lime content

UCS:

Unconfined compressive strength

CU:

Consolidated undrained triaxial compression test

PI:

Plasticity index and

RHA:

Rice husk ash

D r :

Relative density

G s :

Specific gravity

G sCLR :

Specific gravity of CLR

I B :

Brittleness index

d 50 :

Main particle diameter

q p :

Peak deviator stress

q r :

Residual deviator stress

q u :

Unconfined compressive strength

R 2 :

Coefficient of determination

c′:

Effective cohesion

Φ′:

Friction angle

σ′:

Effective principal stress

τ :

Shear stress at failure and

γ d :

Dry unit weight

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for their financial support and geotechnical laboratory technicians for their assistance. The authors are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers of the paper for their valuable comments that improve the original manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Younes Bagheri, Fauziah Ahmad & Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail

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  1. Younes Bagheri
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  2. Fauziah Ahmad
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  3. Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail
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Correspondence to Fauziah Ahmad.

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Bagheri, Y., Ahmad, F. & Ismail, M.A.M. Strength and mechanical behavior of soil–cement–lime–rice husk ash (soil–CLR) mixture. Mater Struct 47, 55–66 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0044-2

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