Abstract
This work studied an impact based frequency up-conversion mechanism via discontinuous dynamics analysis. The mechanism consists of a piezoelectric beam and a moving stopper. The moving stopper is excited by a sawtooth wave and impacts with the piezoelectric beam, which makes the beam vibrate with its national frequency repeatedly. In the system complex dynamics are induced by impacts, hence to better understand the energy harvesting performance of the piezoelectric beam, we first seek the periodic motions of the system. As the system parameters vary, the output voltage and power of the piezoelectric beam with periodic motions were obtained. The piezoelectric beam was modeled as a mass-spring-damper system, and the linear piezoelectric constitutive law was used to obtain the lumped model of the piezoelectric beam. Using discontinuous dynamics analysis, the generated power and voltage were obtained, and the effect of frequency-up-conversion was demonstrated by comparing the generated power of two cases at low excitation frequencies: (1) the piezoelectric beam was excited via impact with the stopper and (2) the piezoelectric beam was directly subjected to the sawtooth wave. In order to better understand the energy harvesting performance of the piezoelectric harvester, the stable and unstable periodic motions were obtained. The bifurcation diagram of the period-1 and period-2 motions were studied analytically with varying excitation frequency and the initial distance between the stopper and the beam.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N.A. Kelly, T.L. Gibson, Sol. Energy 85,111 (2011)
S. Kim, R. Vyas, J. Bito, K. Niotaki, A. Collado, A. Georgiadis, M.M. Tentzeris, Proc. IEEE 102, 1649 (2014)
S. Monfray, O. Puscasu, G. Savelli, U. Soupremanien, E. Ollier, C. Guerin, L. Frechette, E. Leveille, G. Mirshekari, C. Maitre, P. Coronel, K. Domanski, P. Grabiec, P. Ancey, D. Guyomar, V. Bottarel, G. Ricotti, F. Boeuf, F. Gaillard, T. Skotnicki, Innovative thermal energy harvesting for zero power electronics, Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW) (IEEE, 2012), pp. 1–4
A. Harb, Renewable Energy 36, 2641 (2011)
B.J. Bowers, D.P. Arnold, J. Micromech. Microeng. 19, 094008 (2009)
T. Liu, S. Liu, X. Xie, C. Yang, Z. Yang, X. Zhai, https://doi.org/arXiv:1709.00493 (2017)
R. Amirtharajah, A.P. Chandrakasan, IEEE J. Solid-state Circuits 33, 687 (1998)
S. Meninger, J.O. Mur-Miranda, R. Amirtharajah, A. Chandrakasan, J.H. Lang, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 9, 64 (2001)
B. Scully, L. Zuo, J. Shestani, Y. Zhou, Design and characterization of an electromagnetic energy harvester for vehicle suspensions, in ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009), pp. 1007–1016
W. Zhou, L. Zuo, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 20, 773 (2015)
F. Wang, W. Wu, A. Lozowski, V. Alizadehyazdi, A. Abedini, Energy harvesting with a piezoelectric thunder, in ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015), pp. V04BT04A043–V04BT04A043
F. Wang, Z. Wang, M. Soroush, A. Abedini, Smart Mater. Struct. 25, 095044 (2016)
B. Andò, S. Baglio, F. Maiorca, C. Trigona, Sens. Actuators A 202, 176 (2013)
N.E. Dutoit, B.L. Wardle, S.G. Kim, Integr. Ferroelectr. 71, 121 (2005)
S. Priya, D.J. Inman, in Energy harvesting technologies(Springer, 2009), Vol. 21
P. Muralt, R. Polcawich, S. Trolier-McKinstry, MRS Bull. 34, 658 (2009)
S.P. Beeby, M.J. Tudor, N. White, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, R175 (2006)
A. Erturk, D.J. Inman, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 19, 1311 (2008)
N.G. Stephen, J. Sound Vib. 293, 409 (2006)
H. Kim, S. Priya, H. Stephanou, K. Uchino, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 54, 1851 (2007)
I. Kuehne, D. Marinkovic, G. Eckstein, H. Seidel, Sens. Actuators A 142, 292 (2008)
M. Marzencki, Y. Ammar, S. Basrour, Sens. Actuators A 145, 363 (2008)
A. Abedini, S. Onsorynezhad, F. Wang, Study of an impact driven frequency up-conversion piezoelectric harvester, in ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017), pp. V003T41A005–V003T41A005
T. Liu, C. Livermore, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 660, 012090 (2015)
T. Liu, R. St Pierre, C. Livermore, Smart Mater. Struct. 23, 095045 (2014)
S.M. Jung, K.S. Yun, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111906 (2010)
M. Pozzi, M. Zhu, in Advances in energy harvesting methods (Springer, 2013), pp. 119–140
L. Gu, C. Livermore, Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 045004 (2011)
S. Onsorynezhad, A. Abedini, F. Wang, Analytical study of a piezoelectric frequency up-conversion harvester under sawtooth wave excitation, in ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018), pp. V002T18A004–V002T18A004
P. Pillatsch, E.M. Yeatman, A.S. Holmes, Sens. Actuators A 206, 178 (2014)
P.J. Holmes, J. Sound Vib. 84, 173 (1982)
S.W. Shaw, P. Holmes, J. Sound Vib. 90, 129 (1983)
M. Heiman, A. Bajaj, P. Sherman, J. Sound Vib. 124, 55 (1988)
S. Shaw, J. Sound Vib. 99, 199 (1985)
A.C.J. Luo, R.P. Han, Nonlinear Dyn. 10, 1 (1996)
A.C.J. Luo, D. O’Connor, Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 19, 1975 (2009)
D. O’Connor, A.C.J. Luo, Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 24, 1450163 (2014)
J.W. Strutt, B. Rayleigh, in The theory of sound (Macmillan, 1896),Vol. 2
A.C.J. Luo, Regularity and complexity in dynamical systems (Springer, 2012)
A.C.J. Luo, Discretization and implicit mapping dynamics (Springer, 2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Onsorynezhad, S., Wang, F. Piezoelectric frequency up-conversion harvester under sawtooth wave excitation. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 228, 1475–1491 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-800213-8
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-800213-8