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Chaotic dynamics of recharge–discharge El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) model

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Abstract

This paper deals with the study of chaotic dynamics in recharge–discharge oscillator model of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A solar-forced recharge–discharge model for ENSO has been considered in the study. The model equations are transformed to a van der Pol–Duffing oscillator model with an 11-year solar forcing. From numerical simulation, the oscillator model with periodic forcing is observed to transit to chaos as the forcing is increased. On varying amplitude of periodic forcing (F), multiple transition from regular to chaos and chaos to regular states through several transition windows is observed in the bifurcation plot. For particular values of the F, the phase plot and recurrence plot show the regular and chaotic state of the system dynamics which are verified with Lyapunov exponent and recurrence quantification analysis. The detailed analysis provides an understanding of multiple state transition in the dynamics of the system.

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Data availability statement

The authors declare that the datasets generated and analyzed in this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Code availability

The authors declare that in this study for simulation purpose general MATLAB codes for nonlinear time series analysis have been used which are openly available in public domain for common access.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi (India), and Institute of Informatics and Communication(IIC), South Campus, University of Delhi, Delhi (India), for providing research facilities.

Funding

The authors declare that for this research no grant was availed as financial support from any funding organization/institution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIC, South Campus, University of Delhi, Benito-Juarez Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India

    Saureesh Das & Varsha Duhoon

  2. Nonlinear Dynamics Research Lab, University School of Basic and Applied Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sec-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi, 110078, India

    Rashmi Bhardwaj & Varsha Duhoon

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  1. Saureesh Das
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  2. Rashmi Bhardwaj
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  3. Varsha Duhoon
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Contributions

Rashmi Bhardwaj contributed to idea, research supervision, results and discussion; Saureesh Das contributed to methodology conceptualization, numerical simulation, analysis, revision and review; Varsha Duhoon contributed to literature survey, manuscript preparation, figure compilation and editing.

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Correspondence to Saureesh Das.

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Das, S., Bhardwaj, R. & Duhoon, V. Chaotic dynamics of recharge–discharge El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) model. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 232, 217–230 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00742-z

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