Abstract
Eu, Tb co-doped ZnO was elaborated by chemical bath deposition on p-type (100) Si and annealed at different temperatures. Micropod morphology was observed using SEM. All samples exhibited a wurtzite structures. The EDX concentrations of Eu and Tb did not exceed 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively. The mixed valence states of Eu and Tb in the ZnO micropods were demonstrated using XPS analysis. Microstructural analysis of the co-doped sample showed variations as a function of the Eu and Tb concentration ratios. The modification of the Pl intensity and center of gravity of the visible band emission is due to the perturbation of native defects that interact with RE ions. The emission of Eu 5D0 → 7F2 (615 nm) and Tb 5D4 → 7F3 (620 nm) in the red-orange region of visible light was obtained at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm. The competition between the effect of annealing temperature and that of the two dopant concentrations is believed to be an effective strategy for changing the color emission of Eu, Tb co-doped ZnO. The CIE color emission of the co-doped sample annealed at 500 °C and XEu = 1.19%, XTb = 0.92% annealed at 700 °C lies in the white-light region reported in the literature for designing WLED. The Eu, Tb co-doped ZnO/p-Si heterojunction showed good rectifying I–V characteristics, and the electrical parameters were similar to those obtained for each dopant. A significant decrease in series resistance was allowed to the growth of a ZnO seed layer before the formation of ZnO micropods.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.]
Change history
03 November 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03393-0
References
T.K. Anh, D.X. Loc, N. Tu, P.T. Huy, L.M.A. Tu, L.Q. Minh, J. Photonics 2014, 1 (2014)
K. Qi, B. Cheng, J. Yu, W. Ho, J. Alloys Compd. 727, 792 (2017)
R. Yogamalar, A. Bose, Prog. Nanotechnol. 2, 1 (2013)
M. Carofiglio, S. Barui, V. Cauda, M. Laurenti, Appl. Sci. 10, 5194 (2020)
Y.W. Heo, V. Varadarajan, M. Kaufman, K. Kim, D.P. Norton, F. Ren, P.H. Fleming, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 3046 (2002)
X. Liu, X. Wu, H. Cao, P.P.H. Chang, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 3141 (2004)
W. Chebil, A. Fouzri, A. Fargi, B. Azeza, Z. Zaaboub, V. Sallet, Mater. Res. Bull. 70, 719 (2015)
W. Chebil, A. Gokarna, A. Fouzri, N. Hamdaoui, K. Nomenyo, G. Lerondel, J. Alloys Compd. 771, 448 (2019)
V. Kumar, O.M. Ntwaeaborwa, T. Soga, V. Dutta, H.C. Swart, ACS Photonics 4, 2613 (2017)
D. Chen, Y. Wang, M. Hong, Nano Energy 1, 73 (2012)
Q. Luo, X. Qiao, X. Fan, X. Zhang, Opt. Lett. 36, 2767 (2011)
C. Davesnne, A. Ziani, C. Labbé, P. Marie, C. Frilay, X. Portier, Thin Solid Films 553, 33 (2014)
V. Kumar, O.M. Ntwaeaborwa, H.C. Swart, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 465, 295 (2016)
Y. Liu, W. Luo, R. Li, G.K. Liu, M.R. Antinio, X. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 686 (2008)
N.A. Althumairi, I. Baig, T.S. Kayed, A. Mekki, A. Lusson, V. Sallet, A. Majid, A. Fouzri, Vacuum 198, 110874 (2022)
C. Shivakumara, A.K. John, S. Behera, N. Dhananjaya, R. Saraf, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 132, 44 (2017)
S. Bachir, J.C. Ronfard-Haret, K. Azuma, D. Kouyaté, J. Kossanyi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 213, 54 (1993)
T. Shalapska, G. Stryganyuk, Y. Romanyshyn, D. Trots, P. Demchenko, A. Gektin, A. Voloshinovskii, P. Dorenbos, J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 43, 405404 (2010)
F. Ehré, C. Dufour, O. Blázquez, B. Garrido, W. Jadwisienczak, D.C. Ingram, J. Cardin, F. Gourbilleau, X. Portier, C. Guillaume, B. Liu, C. Labbé, E.C.S. Transactions, Electrochemical Society. Inc 85, 9 (2018)
H. Huang, G. Fang, X. Mo, L. Yuan, H. Zhou, M. Wang, H. Xiao, X. Zhao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063512 (2009)
J.B. You, X.W. Zhang, H.P. Song, J. Ying, Y. Guo, A.L. Yang, Z.G. Yin, N.F. Chen, Q.S. Zhu, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 043709 (2009)
F.-C. Chiu, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2014, 1 (2014)
N. Korsunska, L. Borkovska, L. Khomenkova, T. Sabov, O. Oberemok, O. Dubikovsky, Z. Ya Zhuchenko, A. Zolotovsky, I.N. Demchenko, Y. Syryanyy, C. Guillaume, C. Labbe, X. Portier, Appl. Surf. Sci. 528, 146913 (2020)
N.A. Althumairi, I. Baig, T.S. Kayed, A. Mekki, A. Lusson, V. Sallet, A. Majid, S. Akhtar, A. Fouzri, Appl. Phys. A 128, 559 (2022)
W. Chebil, M.A. Boukadhaba, A. Fouzri, Superlattices Microstruct. 95, 48 (2016)
J.F. Moulder, W.F. Stickle, P.E. Sobol, K.D. Bomben, Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: a Reference Book of Standard Spectra for Identification and Interpretation of XPS Data, Physical (Physical Electronics, Chicago, 1995)
M. Wang, L. Jiang, E. Jung Kim, S. Hong Hahn, RSC Adv. 5, 87496 (2015)
C. Guillaume, J.L. Frieiro, O. Blázquez, C. Labbe, J. López-Vidrier, B. Garrido, S. Hernández, B. Liu, L. Khomenkova, C. Frilay, F. Lemarié, C. Leroux, D. Pelloquin, X. Portier, Appl. Surf. Sci. 556, 149754 (2021)
L.S. Dake, D.R. Baer, J.M. Zachara, Surf. Interface Anal. 14, 71 (1989)
I.N. Reddy, C.V. Reddy, J. Shim, B. Akkinepally, M. Cho, K. Yoo, D. Kim, Catal. Today 340, 277 (2020)
I. Ahmad, M. Shoaib Akhtar, E. Ahmed, M. Ahmad, V. Keller, W. Qamar Khan, N.R. Khalid, Sep. Purif. Technol. 237, 116328 (2020)
N. Korsunska, L. Borkovska, L. Khomenkova, O. Gudymenko, V. Kladko, O. Kolomys, V. Strelchuk, Z. Tsybrii, C. Guillaume, C. Labbe, X. Portier, O. Melnichuk, L. Melnichuk, J. Lumin. 217, 116739 (2020)
D. Kumar, M. Singh, A.K. Singh, AIP Conf. Proc. 1953, 030185 (2018)
H. Morkoç, Ü. Özgür, Zinc Oxide: Fundamentals, Materials and Device Technology; WILEY_VCH Verlag GmbH and KGaA, Weinheim, (2009).
A. Fouzri, N.A. Althumairi, V. Sallet, A. Lusson, Opt. Mater. 110, 110519 (2020)
R. Raji, K.G. Gopchandran, J. Sci.: Adv. Mater. Devices 2, 51 (2017)
Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Wu, E. Xie, J. Chen, J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 42, 085106 (2009)
P. Chen, X. Ma, D. Yang, J. Alloys Compd. 431, 317 (2007)
S. Zhao, F. Shu, Y. Li, C. Liu, W. Shan, Y. Cui, L. Yang, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12, 2607 (2012)
A. Hastir, R.L. Opila, N. Kohli, Z. Onuk, B. Yuan, K. Jones, V.R.C. Singh, J. Mater. Sci. 52, 8502 (2017)
N.S. Singh, S.D. Singh, S.D. Meetei, Chin. Phys. B 23, 058104 (2014)
R.S. Ningthoujam, N.S. Gajbhiye, A. Ahmed, S.S. Umre, S.J. Sharma, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8, 3059 (2008)
D.N. Anwar, A. Srivastava, IEEE Access 8, 159609 (2020)
W. Young Kim, Y.-H. Kim, C.-G. Jhun, R. Wood, P. Mascher, C.-B. Moon, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 014507 (2012)
P. Babu, K.H. Jang, E.S. Kim, L. Shi, H.J. Seo, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 54, 1488 (2009)
M. Huang, S. Wang, G. Wan, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, K. Ou, L. Yi, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 7213 (2018)
G.H. Dieke, H.M. Crosswhite, Appl. Opt. 2, 675 (1963)
G.H. Dieke, Spectra and Energy Levels of Rare Earth Ions in Crystals (Interscience, New York, 1968)
P. Hazra, S.K. Singh, S. Jit, JSTS J. Semicond. Technol. Sci. 14, 117 (2014)
F.Z. Bedia, A. Bedia, D. Kherbouche, B. Benyoucef, Int. J. Mater. Eng. 3, 59 (2013)
S. Baturay, Y.S. Ocak, D. Kaya, J. Alloys Compd. 645, 29 (2015)
R. Romero, M.C. López, D. Leinen, F. Martıń, J.R. Ramos-Barrado, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 110, 87 (2004)
R. Singh, M.A. Green, K. Rajkanan, Sol. Cells 3, 95 (1981)
P. Klason, M.M. Rahman, Q.-H. Hu, O. Nur, R. Turan, M. Willander, Microelectron. J. 40, 706 (2009)
B.O. Jung, J.H. Lee, J.Y. Lee, J.H. Kim, H.K. Cho, J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, H102–H106 (2011)
G. Chen, F. Song, X. Xiong, X. Peng, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 11228 (2013)
Acknowledgements
The authors take this opportunity to thank the Department of Physics, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, specifically Dr. Ibrahim Shaarany, for helpful technical assistance with equipment facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
The original online version of this article was revised to missing Fig 16c.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Althumairi, N.A., Fouzri, A., Kayed, T.S. et al. Microstructural, optical, and electrical properties of Eu, Tb co-doped ZnO micropods elaborated by chemical bath deposition on a p-Si substrate. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 1097 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03294-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03294-2