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Dicke superradiance, Bose-Einstein condensation of photons and spontaneous symmetry breaking

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Abstract

It is shown that the phenomenon of Dicke superradiance essentially occurs due to spontaneous symmetry breaking. Two generalised versions of the Dicke model are studied, and compared with a model that describes photonic Bose-Einstein condensate, which was experimentally realised sometime back. In all the models, it is seen that the occurrence of spontaneous symmetry breaking is responsible for coherent radiation emission.

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Notes

  1. Here the fact that \(K = a^{\dag } a + S_{z}\) is conserved, that is \([H,K]=0\), is utilised.

  2. One can indeed show that the photon number states and the coherent states are orthogonal to each other. It follows from the fact that \(|\alpha \rangle = e^{\alpha a^{\dag } - \alpha ^{*} a} |0\rangle \), where \(|\alpha |^{2} \propto N\), which implies that \(\langle 0 | \alpha \rangle \rightarrow 0\) as \(N \rightarrow \infty \).

  3. Such a zero frequency mode actually corresponds to existence of a spatially constant electric field. Same conclusion albeit using a different argument was also reached in [26] and [15]

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Government Engineering College, Indian Institute of Information Technology Vadodara, Sector 28, Gandhinagar, 382028, India

    Vivek M. Vyas

  2. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741 246, India

    Prasanta K. Panigrahi

  3. Department of Theoretical Physics, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, 600 025, India

    V. Srinivasan

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  1. Vivek M. Vyas
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  2. Prasanta K. Panigrahi
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  3. V. Srinivasan
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Correspondence to Vivek M. Vyas.

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Vyas, V.M., Panigrahi, P.K. & Srinivasan, V. Dicke superradiance, Bose-Einstein condensation of photons and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 815 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03047-1

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